scholarly journals First description of a herpesvirus infection in genus Lepus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A. Abade dos Santos ◽  
M. Monteiro ◽  
A. Pinto ◽  
C.L. Carvalho ◽  
M.C. Peleteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Myxoma Virus ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Herpesvirus Infection ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Iberian Hare

AbstractDuring the necropsies of Iberian hares obtained in 2018/2019, along with signs of the nodular form of myxomatosis, other unexpected external lesions were also observed. Histopathology revealed nuclear inclusion bodies in stromal cells suggesting the additional presence of a nuclear replicating virus.Transmission electron microscopy further demonstrated the presence of herpesvirus particles in the tissues of affected hares.We confirmed the presence of herpesvirus in 13 MYXV-positive hares by PCR and sequencing analysis. Herpesvirus-DNA was also detected in seven healthy hares, suggesting its asymptomatic circulation.Phylogenetic analysis based on DNA polymerase gene, grouped this virus within the gammaherpesviruses, close to herpesviruses from bats and rodents.We propose to name this new virus Leporid gammaherpesvirus 5 (LeHV-5), according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses standards.The impact of herpesvirus infection on the reproduction and mortality of the Iberian hare is yet unknown but may aggravate the decline of wild populations caused by the recently emerged natural recombinant myxoma virus.

scholarly journals Ex vivo Induction of Apoptotic Mesenchymal Stem Cell by High Hydrostatic Pressure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien Minh Le ◽  
Naoki Morimoto ◽  
Nhung Thi My Ly ◽  
Toshihito Mitsui ◽  
Sharon Claudia Notodihardjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
High Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Physical Technique ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Among promising solutions for tissue repair and wound healing, mesenchymal stem (or stromal) cells (MSCs) have been a focus of attention and have become the most clinically studied experimental cell therapy. Recent studies reported the importance of apoptosis in MSC-mediated immunomodulation, in which apoptotic MSCs (apoMSCs) were shown to be superior to living MSCs. Nowadays, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), a physical technique that uses only fluid pressure, has been developed and applied in various bioscience fields, including biotechnology, biomaterials, and regenerative medicine, as its safe and simply operation. In the current study, we investigated the impact of HHP treatment on human bone marrow-MSC survival and proliferation. Based on the detection of executioner caspase activation, phosphatidylserine exposure, DNA fragmentation (TUNEL) and irrefutable ultrastructural morphological changes on transmission electron microscopy (TEM), our data revealed that HHP treatment induced complete apoptosis in MSCs. Notably, this technique might provide manipulated products for use in cell-based therapies as manufacturing capability expands. We hope that our findings will contribute to the improvement of MSCs or EVs in translational research development.

scholarly journals Detection of Recombinant Hare Myxoma Virus in Wild Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus)

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1127
Author(s):  
Fábio A. Abade dos Santos ◽  
Carina L. Carvalho ◽  
Andreia Pinto ◽  
Ranjit Rai ◽  
Madalena Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myxoma Virus ◽  
Virus Infectivity ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Wild Rabbit ◽  
Mainland Portugal ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Domestic Rabbits ◽  
Virus Strains ◽  
Iberian Hare ◽  
Species Segregation

In late 2018, an epidemic myxomatosis outbreak emerged on the Iberian Peninsula leading to high mortality in Iberian hare populations. A recombinant Myxoma virus (strains MYXV-Tol and ha-MYXV) was rapidly identified, harbouring a 2.8 kbp insertion containing evolved duplicates of M060L, M061L, M064L, and M065L genes from myxoma virus (MYXV) or other Poxviruses. Since 2017, 1616 rabbits and 125 hares were tested by a qPCR directed to M000.5L/R gene, conserved in MYXV and MYXV-Tol/ha-MYXV strains. A subset of the positive samples (20%) from both species was tested for the insert with MYXV being detected in rabbits and the recombinant MYXV in hares. Recently, three wild rabbits were found dead South of mainland Portugal, showing skin oedema and pulmonary lesions that tested positive for the 2.8 kbp insert. Sequencing analysis showed 100% similarity with the insert sequences described in Iberian hares from Spain. Viral particles were observed in the lungs and eyelids of rabbits by electron microscopy, and isolation in RK13 cells attested virus infectivity. Despite that the analysis of complete genomes may predict the recombinant MYXV strains’ ability to infect rabbit, routine analyses showed species segregation for the circulation of MYXV and recombinant MYXV in wild rabbit and in Iberian hares, respectively. This study demonstrates, however, that recombinant MYXV can effectively infect and cause myxomatosis in wild rabbits and domestic rabbits, raising serious concerns for the future of the Iberian wild leporids while emphasises the need for the continuous monitoring of MYXV and recombinant MYXV in both species.

Microprobe analysis of inclusion bodies related to two benzofuran derivatives

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 672-673
Author(s):  
T. L. Benning ◽  
P. Ingram ◽  
J. D. Shelburne
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
High Dose ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Dense Inclusion ◽  
Melanin Complex

Two benzofuran derivatives, chlorpromazine and amiodarone, are known to produce inclusion bodies in human tissues. Prolonged high dose chlorpromazine therapy causes hyperpigmentation of the skin with electron-dense inclusion bodies present in dermal histiocytes and endothelial cells ultrastructurally. The nature of the deposits is not known although a drug-melanin complex has been hypothesized. Amiodarone may also cause cutaneous hyperpigmentation and lamellar lysosomal inclusion bodies have been demonstrated within the cells of multiple organ systems. These lamellar bodies are believed to be the product of an amiodarone-induced phospholipid storage disorder. We performed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDXA) on tissue samples from patients treated with these drugs, attempting to detect the sulfur atom of chlorpromazine and the iodine atom of amiodarone within their respective inclusion bodies.A skin biopsy from a patient with hyperpigmentation due to prolonged chlorpromazine therapy was fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde and processed without osmium tetroxide or en bloc uranyl acetate for Epon embedding.

TEM comparison of osmium vs osmium with potassium ferricyanide secondary fixatives and the impact of secondary fixative temperature on tissue preservation/contrast quality

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 910-911
Author(s):  
J. W. Horn ◽  
B. J. Dovey-Hartman ◽  
V. P. Meador
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Potassium Ferricyanide ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopic ◽  
Glutaraldehyde Solution ◽  
Temperature Impact ◽  
The Impact

Osmium tetroxide (OsO4) is a universally used secondary fixative for routine transmission electron microscopic evaluation of biological specimens. Use of OsO4 results in good ultrastructural preservation and electron density but several factors, such as concentration, length of exposure, and temperature, impact overall results. Potassium ferricyanide, an additive used primarily in combination with OsO4, has mainly been used to enhance the contrast of lipids, glycogen, cell membranes, and membranous organelles. The purpose of this project was to compare the secondary fixative solutions, OsO4 vs. OsO4 with potassium ferricyanide, and secondary fixative temperature for determining which combination gives optimal ultrastructural fixation and enhanced organelle staining/contrast.Fresh rat liver samples were diced to ∼1 mm3 blocks, placed into porous processing capsules/baskets, preserved in buffered 2% formaldehyde/2.5% glutaraldehyde solution, and rinsed with 0.12 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2). Tissue processing capsules were separated (3 capsules/secondary fixative.solution) and secondarily fixed (table) for 90 minutes. Tissues were buffer rinsed, dehydrated with ascending concentrations of ethanol solutions, infiltrated, and embedded in epoxy resin.

Real-time cryo-deformation of polypropylene and impact-modified polypropylene in the transmission electron microscope

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 892-893
Author(s):  
Robert C. Cieslinski ◽  
H. Craig Silvis ◽  
Daniel J. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Brittle Transition ◽  
Molded Part ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Solvent Cast ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Annealed Copper ◽  
Dynamic Plane

An understanding of the mechanical behavior polymers in the ductile-brittle transition region will result in materials with improved properties. A technique has been developed that allows the realtime observation of dynamic plane stress failure mechanisms in the transmission electron microscope. With the addition of a cryo-tensile stage, this technique has been extented to -173°C, allowing the observation of deformation during the ductile-brittle transition.The technique makes use of an annealed copper cartridge in which a thin section of bulk polymer specimen is bonded and plastically deformed in tension in the TEM using a screw-driven tensile stage. In contrast to previous deformation studies on solvent-cast films, this technique can examine the frozen-in morphology of a molded part.The deformation behavior of polypropylene and polypropylene impact modified with EPDM (ethylene-propylene diene modified) and PE (polyethylene) rubbers were investigated as function of temperature and the molecular weight of the impact modifier.

From Silent Spring to The Frog of War

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Skelly
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Rachel Carson ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Silent Spring ◽  
The World ◽  
History Information ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
The Impact

This chapter presents two examples to demonstrate that natural history is the necessary basis of any reliable understanding of the world. More than a half century ago, Rachel Carson revolutionized the public’s view of pesticides. The foundation of her success was the careful use of natural history data, collated from across North America. The examples she assembled left little doubt that DDT and other pesticides were causing a widespread decline in birds. More recently, the case for the impact of atrazine on wildlife was based on laboratory experiments, without the advantage of natural history observations. For atrazine, natural history observations now suggest that other chemical agents are more likely to be responsible for feminization of wildlife populations. Developing expectations for scientists to collect natural history information can help to avoid over-extrapolating lab results to wild populations, a tendency often seen when those lab results conform to preconceptions about chemicals in the environment.

Blue Emitting BaAl2O4:Ce3+ Nanophosphors with High Color Purity and Brightness for White LEDs

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1466-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rituparna Chatterjee ◽  
Subhajit Saha ◽  
Karamjyoti Panigrahi ◽  
Uttam Kumar Ghorai ◽  
Gopes Chandra Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Blue Emission ◽  
Diffraction Field ◽  
White Leds ◽  
Display Devices ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this work, strongly blue emitting Ce3+-activated BaAl2O4 nanophosphors were successfully synthesized by a sol–gel technique. The crystal structure, morphology, and microstructure of the nanophosphors have been studied by X-ray powder diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The photoluminescence spectra show the impact of concentration variation of Ce3+ on the photoluminescence emission of the phosphor. These nanophosphors display intense blue emission peaking at 422 nm generated by the Ce3+ 5d → 4f transition under 350 nm excitation. Our results reveal that this nanophosphor has the capability to take part in the emergent domain of solid-state lighting and field-emission display devices.

scholarly journals Tracking of Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticle Effects on Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Plant Growth, Pigments, Mineral Content and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Reda E. Abdelhameed ◽  
Nagwa I. Abu-Elsaad ◽  
Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef ◽  
Rabab A. Metwally
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Zinc Ferrite ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Nanocrystalline Structure ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
The Impact

Important gaps in knowledge remain regarding the potential of nanoparticles (NPs) for plants, particularly the existence of helpful microorganisms, for instance, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi present in the soil. Hence, more profound studies are required to distinguish the impact of NPs on plant growth inoculated with AM fungi and their role in NP uptake to develop smart nanotechnology implementations in crop improvement. Zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) NPs are prepared via the citrate technique and defined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as transmission electron microscopy for several physical properties. The analysis of the XRD pattern confirmed the creation of a nanocrystalline structure with a crystallite size equal to 25.4 nm. The effects of ZnFe2O4 NP on AM fungi, growth and pigment content as well as nutrient uptake of pea (Pisum sativum) plants were assessed. ZnFe2O4 NP application caused a slight decrease in root colonization. However, its application showed an augmentation of 74.36% and 91.89% in AM pea plant shoots and roots’ fresh weights, respectively, compared to the control. Moreover, the synthesized ZnFe2O4 NP uptake by plant roots and their contents were enhanced by AM fungi. These findings suggest the safe use of ZnFe2O4 NPs in nano-agricultural applications for plant development with AM fungi.

scholarly journals Metagenomic Analysis of the Fecal Archaeome in Suckling Piglets Following Perinatal Tulathromycin Metaphylaxis

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1825
Author(s):  
Mohamed Zeineldin ◽  
Ameer Megahed ◽  
Benjamin Blair ◽  
Brian Aldridge ◽  
James Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiome ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
And Function ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The gastrointestinal microbiome plays an important role in swine health and wellbeing, but the gut archaeome structure and function in swine remain largely unexplored. To date, no metagenomics-based analysis has been done to assess the impact of an early life antimicrobials intervention on the gut archaeome. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of perinatal tulathromycin (TUL) administration on the fecal archaeome composition and diversity in suckling piglets using metagenomic sequencing analysis. Sixteen litters were administered one of two treatments (TUL; 2.5 mg/kg IM and control (CONT); saline 1cc IM) soon after birth. Deep fecal swabs were collected from all piglets on days 0 (prior to treatment), 5, and 20 post intervention. Each piglet’s fecal archaeome was composed of rich and diverse communities that showed significant changes over time during the suckling period. At the phylum level, 98.24% of the fecal archaeome across all samples belonged to Euryarchaeota. At the genus level, the predominant archaeal genera across all samples were Methanobrevibacter (43.31%), Methanosarcina (10.84%), Methanococcus (6.51%), and Methanocorpusculum (6.01%). The composition and diversity of the fecal archaeome between the TUL and CONT groups at the same time points were statistically insignificant. Our findings indicate that perinatal TUL metaphylaxis seems to have a minimal effect on the gut archaeome composition and diversity in sucking piglets. This study improves our current understanding of the fecal archaeome structure in sucking piglets and provides a rationale for future studies to decipher its role in and impact on host robustness during this critical phase of production.

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