scholarly journals Assessment of the Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at Nakfa Hospital from 2014-2019, Eritrea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafet Kesete
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Disease

AbstractBackgroundTuberculosis, an infectious disease, is one of the top 10 causes of death, and the leading cause from a single infectious agent M. tuberculosis. According to recent WHO estimate report, at least 3100 new TB cases occur every year in Eritrea. However, very little information is available in Eritrea related to area specific prevalence of tuberculosis and risk factors attributed to it. This is a retrospective study aimed to assess the prevalence of tuberculosis disease among patients attending at Nakfa Hospital, Eritrea.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on patients visiting Nakfa Hospital, 221km north of Asmara, Eritrea from April 2014 to March 2019. Data was extracted from secondary data sources like patient admission records and laboratory registers at Nakfa Hospital.ResultsA total of 1100 patients were examined for tuberculosis using acid fast staining test. The overall prevalence of smear positive pulmonary TB cases was 7.8% (86 cases out of 1100). Females (8.2%) were more prone to have a positive Tuberculosis smear than males (7.4%). According to severity of infection, 38(3.5%) of subjects were +1 positive, whereas 23(2.1%) and 24(2.2%) of patients were +2 and +3 positives respectively. The highest prevalence of pulmonary TB was observed in the adult age group of 41-60 years (11%) and a comparatively higher number of cases was recorded in age group 21-40 years (8.3%). Adults aged between 41 to 60 had a two times more likelihood to be infected with Tuberculosis than those aged below 20 years old. Moreover, pulmonary tuberculosis was highly prevalent among middle age (20-60) than any other age class in all study years (2014-2019). The pulmonary TB cases were highly predominant during the year 2014 which was 16.8% (19 of 113 subjects) whereas the almost a quarter of it (4.5%) was recorded in following year. Based on locality, the highest rate of infection was observed in Adobha (25%), a town at border of Sudan and Eritrea, in which patients who came from Adobha had 4 times more likelihood to be infected than those from Nakfa town.ConclusionThis study showed Nakfa subzone has relatively increased prevalence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis than the average WHO estimate for the country. Therefore, appropriate policies and strategies for prevention, targeted detection of cases and treatment are required to reinforce Tuberculosis control programs.

scholarly journals Diagnostic challenges and Gene-Xpert utility in detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis among suspected cases of Pulmonary tuberculosis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251858
Author(s):  
Shaila Kabir ◽  
M. Tanveer Hossain Parash ◽  
Nor Amalina Emran ◽  
A. B. M. Tofazzal Hossain ◽  
Sadia Choudhury Shimmi
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Smear Negative

The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) can be reduced by preventing transmission with rapid and precise case detection and early treatment. The Gene-Xpert MTB/RIF assay is a useful tool for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) with rifampicin resistance within approximately two hours by using a nucleic acid amplification technique. This study was designed to reduce the underdiagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary TB and to assess the clinical and radiological characteristics of PTB patients. This cross-sectional study included 235 participants who went to the Luyang primary health care clinic from September 2016 to June 2017. The demographic data were analyzed to investigate the association of patient gender, age group, and ethnicity by chi-square test. To assess the efficacy of the diagnostic test, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated. The area under the curve for sputum for both AFB and gene-Xpert was analyzed to compare their accuracy in diagnosing TB. In this study, TB was more common in males than in females. The majority (50.71%) of the cases belonged to the 25–44-year-old age group and the Bajau ethnicity (57.74%). Out of 50 pulmonary TB cases (smear-positive with AFB staining), 49 samples were positive according to the Gene-Xpert MTB/RIF assay and was confirmed by MTB culture. However, out of 185 smear-negative presumptive cases, 21 cases were positive by Gene-Xpert MTB/RIF assay in that a sample showed drug resistance, and these results were confirmed by MTB culture, showing resistance to isoniazid. In comparison to sputum for AFB, Gene-Xpert showed more sensitivity and specificity with almost complete accuracy. The additional 21 PTB cases detection from the presumptive cases by GeneXpert had significant impact compared to initial observation by the routine tests which overcame the diagnostic challenges and ambiguities.

scholarly journals COMPARISON THE DURATION OF SPUTUM CONVERSION IN NEW CASE SMEAR POSITIVE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT DIABETES MELLITUS

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Radita Ikapratiwi ◽  
Indah Rahmawati ◽  
Joko Mulyanto
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Sputum Conversion

Tuberculosis (TB) is considered as the leading killer among infectious diseases because of bacteria resulted in a high number ofmorbidity and mortality world wide. One risk factor for tuberculosisis diabetes mellitus (DM). The prevalence of TB and DM jump together globally, especially in developing countries, including Indonesia. Early and accurate diagnosis of TB cases in the enforcement is sputum smear examination. Monitoring of TB seen through sputum conversion. The purpose of this studyis to determine the duration of sputum conversion difference new case smear positive pulmonary TB patients with and without DM in hospital Prof. Dr.Margono Soekarjo (RSMS) Purwokerto. Thestudy design is observational analytic with cohort retrospective study. Sample of this study was patients who checked their health in Lung Clinis of RSMS Purwokerto obtained total sample of 44 people, consisting of 22 patients clinically diagnosed new cases smear-positive pulmonary TB with DM and 22 patients without DM in 2009 until 2012.Results of this study were analyzed using Fisher Exact Test. pvalues obtainedof 0.000 (p <0.05) (95% CI = 0,288-0,718) with relative risk 0,455. The conclusion is there were significant differences in sputum conversion time between the group of patients suffering from pulmonary uberculosis with and without DM. The conversion of sputum in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who suffered DM is longer than patients without DM. Relative risk value which is equal to 0.455 which means that patients with DM have pulmonary tuberculosis risk by 0.455 times more likely to experience delays in sputum conversion than TB patients without DM

scholarly journals PREVALENSI VISUM ET REPERTUM ORANG HIDUP PADA KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS DI INSTALASI GAWAT DARURAT BLU RSUP PROF. DR. R. D.KANDOU MANADO PERIODE TAHUN 2013

e-CliniC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Septyano Sondakh ◽  
James F. Siwu ◽  
Johannis F. Mallo
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Emergency Unit ◽  
Year 2013

Abstract: In Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, the incidence of clinical forensic cases of living people mainly caused by traffic accidents increases sharply along with the increasing number of visum et repertum (VeR) requests. This study aimed to determine the prevalence VeR of living people with traffic accidents during 2013. Secondary data were obtained from January to December 2013 at the the emergency unit of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital. This was a descriptive and retrospective study. Data contained the characteristics of patients, including: sex, age, and cause of the accident. The result showed that during the year 2013 the prevalence of living people VeR caused by traffic accidents was the highest in April (11.57%), dominated by males (80.55%), the age group of 15 -24 years old (37.79%), with the cause of accident injured driver due traffic accident (60.54%).Keywords: prevalence, living people VeR, traffic accidentAbstrak: Di Badan Layanan Umum (BLU) Rumah sakit Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Bagian Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD), angka kejadian kasus forensik klinik (Orang hidup) terutama yang disebabkan oleh kecelakaan lalu lintas (KLL) meningkat tajam seiring dengan semakin banyaknya permintaan visum et repertum (VeR). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka prevalensi VeR orang hidup yang disebabkan oleh KLL selama tahun 2013 melalui data sekunder di IGD BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou, yang dilihat dari karakteristik jenis kelamin, umur, dan jenis penyebab kecelakaan. Penelitian ini bersifat retrospektif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa selama tahun 2013 mulai bulan Januari sampai Desember angka prevalensi VeR orang hidup yang disebabkan oleh KLL tertinggi pada bulan April (11,57%) yang didominasi oleh laki-laki (80,55%) dengan umur terbanyak pada interval 15-24 tahun (37,79%) dengan jenis penyebab kecelakaan terbanyak ditemukan driver injured in traffic accident (60,54%).Kata kunci: prevalensi, visum et repertum orang hidup, KLL

scholarly journals GAMBARAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN DAN INDEKS ERITROSIT PADA PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI RSUD DR. M. HAULUSSY AMBON PERIODE JANUARI 2017 – APRIL 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Reinhard Wilson Talakua ◽  
Vina Z. Latuconsina ◽  
Siti Hadjar Malawat
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Infection Disease

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is an infection disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pulmonary TB remain a major health problem and the most common cause of death in the world especially in developing countries. Pulmonary TB infection could cause clinical manifestation, which is haematology disorders like anemia. Many studies has reported anemia as a common complication in patients with pulmonary TB. This research aims to determine haemoglobin levels and erythrocytes index of patients with pulmonary TB at RSUD Dr. M. Haulussy Ambon in the periods from January 2017 - April 2018. This research uses a descriptive study by using medical records of patients with pulmonary TB. Among 65 patients with pulmonary TB, number of patients with anemia are 44 cases (67,7%) and 21 cases (32,3%) are not anemia. Pulmonary TB with anemia most suffered by male as much 24 cases (72,7%). The age group suffered most is 18-30 years old as much 23 cases (69,7%), but the age group suffered most according to percentage is 51-60 years old as much 80%. The most common types of anemia is hipocromic micrositer as much 23 cases (52,3%). Haemoglobin levels in patients with pulmonary TB are found most below the normal value or anemia and the most common types of anemia is hipocromic micrositer. Needs to be done more research on the analysis of the relation between anemia with pulmonary TB. Keywords: pulmonary tuberculosis, haemoglobin, erythrocytes index

A Study on Recurrence Rate of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan.

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
Hamna Javed ◽  
Haider Zaigham Baqai ◽  
Saadia Khan Baloch
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Chest Clinic

ABSTRACT: Objective:           To determine the prevalence of the recurrence rate of Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in successfully treated patients in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Methodology:           This cross-sectional study was conducted at Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi. The study duration was from 01-January-2019 to 01-August-2020. During the study period, a total number of ten thousand nine hundred ninety-seven (10997) patients presented in the chest clinic of the hospital and were included in this study, these patients were re-treatment TB patients and presented with the first-time diagnosis of TB. The recurrence rate was the primary end-point of this study. Results: There were 10997 patients included in this study, out of these 642 (5.83%) patients presented with recurrence. Out of a total of 642 recurrence cases, 533 (83%) patients were SS positive, and the remaining 109 (17%) were SS negative. Out of 642, 341 (53.1%) patients were male and 301 (46.9%) patients were female. Regarding age, most of the patients were in the age group 16-30 (49%), 93 (23%) were in the age group 31-45 years. Regarding the timing of recurrence, 372 (58%) patients presented with in one year, 109 (17%) presented in 12-24 months, 52 (8%) presented in 24-36 months. Conclusion:           Based on our study, the recurrence rate of pulmonary TB was 5.83% in the Pakistani population. The recurrence rate is high in patients having age 15-45 years and recurrence occurs in 58% of patients within first year after successful treatment of Pulmonary TB.

scholarly journals Performance of diagnostic tests for pulmonary tuberculosis in indigenous populations in Brazil: the contribution of Rapid Molecular Testing

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocieli Malacarne ◽  
Alexsandro Santos Heirich ◽  
Eunice Atsuko Totumi Cunha ◽  
Ida Viktoria Kolte ◽  
Reinaldo Souza-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Sputum Culture ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of rapid molecular testing as a diagnostic tool and estimate the incidence of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis among the indigenous population. Methods: This is an epidemiological study based on secondary data. We calculated the incidence of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis between January 1st, 2011 and December 31, 2016, and the performance of bacilloscopy and rapid molecular testing in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis compared to sputum culture (standard test). Results: We included 4,048 cases of indigenous people with respiratory symptoms who provided sputum samples for analysis. Among them, 3.7%, 6.7%, and 3.7% had positive results for bacilloscopy, sputum culture, and rapid molecular testing, respectively. The mean incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis was 269.3/100 thousand inhabitants. Rapid molecular testing had 93.1% sensitivity and 98.2% specificity, compared to sputum culture. Bacilloscopy showed 55.1% sensitivity and 99.6% specificity. Conclusions: Rapid molecular testing can be useful in remote areas with limited resources and a high incidence of tuberculosis, such as indigenous villages in rural regions of Brazil. In addition, the main advantages of rapid molecular testing are its easy handling, fast results, and the possibility of detecting rifampicin resistance. Together, these attributes enable the early start of treatment, contributing to reduce the transmission in communities recognized as vulnerable to infection and disease.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis in Poland in 2017

2019 ◽  
pp. 211-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Korzeniewska- Koseła
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Eu

AIM OF THE STUDY. To evaluate the main features of TB epidemiology in 2017 in Poland and to compare with the situation in the EU/EEA countries. METHODS. Analysis of case- based data on TB patients from National TB Register, data on anti-TB drug susceptibility testing results in cases notified in 2017, data from National Institute of Public Health- National Institute of Hygiene on cases of tuberculosis as AIDS-defining disease, data from Central Statistical Office on deaths from tuberculosis based on death certificates, data from ECDC report „European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control/WHO Regional Office for Europe. Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe 2019-2017 data. Stockholm: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2019”. RESULTS. In 2017, 5 787 TB cases were reported in Poland. The incidence rate was 15.1 cases per 100 000, with large variability between voivodeships from 8.9 to 21.9 per 100 000. The mean annual decrease of TB incidence in 2013-2017 was 4.2%. In 2017, 5127 cases were newly diagnosed with no history of previous treatment i.e. 13.3 per 100 000. 660 cases i.e. 1.7 per 100 000 – 11.4% of all registered subjects were previously treated for tuberculosis. In 2017, the number of all pulmonary tuberculosis cases was 5 531 i.e. 14.4 per 100 000. Pulmonary cases represented 95.6% of all TB cases. In 2017, 256 extrapulmonary TB cases were found. In the whole country there were 68 pediatric cases of tuberculosis. TB in children represented 1.2% of all cases notified in Poland in 2017. The incidence rates of tuberculosis were growing along with the age group from 1.2 per 100 000 among children to 25.6 per 100 000 among subjects in the age group 45-64 years (the highest incidence rate). In 2017, the incidence rate in the age group ≥65 years was 22.6 per 100 000. The TB incidence among men i.e. 22.2 per 100.000 was 2.4 times higher than among women i.e. 8,4 per 100 000. The biggest difference in the TB incidence between the two sex groups occurred in persons aged 45 to 49 years – 36.1 vs. 8.1 and in age group 55- 59 years – 45.2 vs. 10.7. The TB incidence in rural population was lower than in urban, respectively 14.2 per 100.000 and 15.6 per 100 000. The number of all registered culture positive TB cases was 4 179. Pulmonary tuberculosis was bacteriologically confirmed in 4 057 subjects. Culture-confirmed cases represented 72.2% of all TB cases and 73.4% of all pulmonary TB cases. The number of smear-positive pulmonary TB cases reported in 2017 was 2 472 i.e. 6.4 per 100 000 accounting for 44.7% of all pulmonary TB cases and 60.9% of culture confirmed pulmonary TB cases.. TB was AIDS indicative disease in 16 subjects. In all patients with tuberculosis in Poland in 2017 there were 44 cases with MDR-TB (among them 12 foreigners) and 85 patients with resistance to isoniazid only, representing respectively 1.2% and 2.2% of cases with known DST results (DSTs were available in 90.5% of all cultureconfirmed TB cases). In 2017, there were 108 patients of foreign origin among all cases of tuberculosis in Poland. TUBERCULOSIS MORTALITY. There were 543 deaths due to tuberculosis reported in 2016 – 1.4 per 100 000; 526 people died from pulmonary and 17 from extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Mortality among males – 2.2 per 100 000 – was 3.7 X higher than among females – 0.6. 37.9% of all TB deaths were cases 65 years old and older – 3.3 per 100 000. In 2016, there was one death from tuberculosis in children and no deaths in adolescents. In 2016, tuberculosis represented 0.14% of total mortality in Poland and 28.1% of mortality from infectious diseases. CONCLUSIONS. In 2017, the incidence of tuberculosis in Poland was lower than in 2016. Despite a continuous decline it is still higher than the average in the EU/EEA countries. The highest incidence rates were observed in older age groups. The incidence in males was more than 2 times higher than in females. The impact of migration on the characteristics of tuberculosis in Poland is not substantial. In Poland, tuberculosis in children, tuberculosis in persons infected with HIV and MDR-TB is less common than the average in the EU/EEA countries.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN PUSKESMAS (PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER) MASARAN 1 SRAGEN REGENCY

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ilham Arifin Munthaha ◽  
Retno Indar Widayati ◽  
Liza Afriliana ◽  
Aryu Candra
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Background: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic and residive inflammatory skin disease with mild to severe itching and occurs mostly in infant and children. The cause not certainty known and multifactorial.Objective: This study aims to Know the Characteristics of Atopic Dermatitis in Puskesmas Masaran 1, Sragen Regency.Method: This study is descriptive with a retrospective cross-sectional design. Secondary data retrieved from medical records atopic dermatitis patients at Puskesmas Masaran 1 in the period 1 January-31 December 2019 with a sample 248 people then analyze using a computer program.Result: The most atopic dermatitis sufferers were the adult age group (151 people), female gender (139 people),  not working (96 people), atopic history disease found in 112 patients, site of the most lesions was lower extremities (71 patients), and the choice therapy is polytherapy with three types of drugs in 103 patients. Types of drugs are corticosteroids (224 patients), antihistamines (212 patients), and vitamins/minerals (200 patients).Conclusion: Characteristics of atopic dermatitis in Puskesmas Masaran 1 are the most age group is adults, gender is female, types of work is not working, atopic history is atopic dermatitis, and therapeutic options are corticosteroids, antihistamines, and vitamins/minerals.

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