scholarly journals Highly accurate random DNA sequencing using inherent interlayer potential traps of bilayer MoS2 nanopores

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payel Sen ◽  
Hiofan Hoi ◽  
Dipanjan Nandi ◽  
Manisha Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Dna Translocation ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Charge Interaction ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Potential Traps

AbstractSolid-state MoS2 nanopores are emerging as potential real-time DNA sequencers due to their ultra-thinness and pore stability. One of the major challenges in determining random nucleotide sequence (unlike polynucleotide strands) is the non-homogeneity of the charge interaction and velocity during DNA translocation. This results in varying blockade current for the same nucleotide, reducing the sequencing confidence. In this work, we studied the inherent impedance-tunability (due to vertical interlayer potential gradient and ion accumulation) of multilayered MoS2 nanopores along with its effect on improving analyte capture and charge interaction, for more sensitive and confident sensing. Experimentally we demonstrate that 2-3 nm diameter bilayer MoS2 pores are best suited for high accuracy (~90%) sequencing of mixed nucleotides with signal-to-noise-ratio greater than 11 in picomolar concentration solutions. High temporal resolution demonstrated by bilayer MoS2 nanopores can help detect neutral proteins in future. The high accuracy detection in low concentration analyte can hence be applied for control and prevention of hereditary diseases and understanding health effects of rare microbial strains.

scholarly journals Cloud information content analysis of multi-angular measurements in the oxygen A-band: application to 3MI and MSPI

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 4977-4995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Merlin ◽  
Jérôme Riedi ◽  
Laurent C. Labonnote ◽  
Céline Cornet ◽  
Anthony B. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Surface Albedo ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Polarization Imaging ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Black Surface ◽  
Imaging Instrument ◽  
Almost All

Abstract. Information content analyses on cloud top altitude (CTOP) and geometrical thickness (CGT) from multi-angular A-band measurements in the case of monolayer homogeneous clouds are conducted. In the framework of future multi-angular radiometer development, we compared the potential performances of the 3MI (Multi-viewing, Multi-channel and Multi-polarization Imaging) instrument developed by EUMETSAT, which is an extension of POLDER/PARASOL instrument and MSPI (Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager) developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Quantitative information content estimates were realized for thin, moderately opaque and opaque clouds for different surface albedo and viewing geometry configurations. Analyses show that retrieval of CTOP is possible with a high accuracy in most of the cases investigated. Retrieval of CGT is also possible for optically thick clouds above a black surface, at least when CGT > 1–2 km and for thin clouds for CGT > 2–3 km. However, for intermediate optical thicknesses (COT ≃ 4), we show that the retrieval of CGT is not simultaneously possible with CTOP. A comparison between 3MI and MSPI shows a higher information content for MSPI's measurements, traceable to a thinner filter inside the oxygen A-band, yielding higher signal-to-noise ratio for absorption estimation. Cases of cloud scenes above bright surfaces are more complex but it is shown that the retrieval of CTOP remains possible in almost all situations while the information content on CGT appears to be insufficient in many cases, particularly for COT < 4 and CGT < 2–3 km.

scholarly journals Optimization of Direct Direction Finding Method with Two-Dimensional Correlative Processing of Spatial Signal

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Vitaliy V. Tsyporenko ◽  
Valentyn G. Tsyporenko
Keyword(s):  
Main Parameter ◽  
Noise Immunity ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Direction Finding ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
High Noise ◽  
Spatial Shift ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Finding Method

In this article, the main parameter of the correlative-interferometric direction finding method with twodimensional correlative processing of spatial signal in the aperture of a linear antenna array (AA) is determined as the value of spatial shift within the AA aperture. The corresponding objective function is also formed. Analytical optimization of this parameter is presented and a comparative analysis of analytical calculations based on simulation results is conducted. In the simulation, a range of dependencies of the middle square deviation of estimation of direction on the value of the spatial shift for a signal-to-noise ratio of 0 dB, for minimum 3-sample and 4-sample Blackman-Harris windows of the spectral analysis, is received. The value of the middle square deviation of estimation of direction will be minimal and will equal 0.02 degrees using a minimum 3-sample Blackman-Harris window with the −67 dB level of side lobes. It offers high noise immunity and high accuracy of direction finding.

scholarly journals X-Ray Images Encryption Analysis Using Arnold's Cat Map and Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem Codes

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. Nurul Nadiyya ◽  
Koredianto Usman ◽  
Suci Aulia ◽  
B.C. Erizka
Keyword(s):  
Medical Image ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Brute Force ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Image Sharing ◽  
Confidential Data ◽  
Arnold’S Cat Map ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
Brute Force Attack

In the medical world, a digital medical image is a requirement for image sharing in which the confidential data of the patient should be protected from unauthorized access. This study proposes a technique that can preserve image confidentiality using image encryption. This approach converts the original image into another shape that can not be visually interpreted, so unauthorized parties can not see an image's substance. This research proposes a method of X-Ray images encryption based on Arnold's Cat Map and Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem by shuffling coordinates from the original pixel into new coordinates. The Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem encoding scheme strengthens Arnold's cat map encryption by detecting and fixing bits of an image pixel value error. This study comprises results checked by giving the X-Ray or rontgen image noise with distinct variances. These algorithms are supposed to provide decrypted images with high accuracy and are more resistant to attack. Our result showed that the system using Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem codes has a better Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio result equal to infinity and Bit Error Rate, equivalent to 0 at a more significant variance of each form of noise than the process using Arnold's Cat Map codes only. The Brute Force Attack for Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem takes 2.86 × 1058 years, while Arnold's Cat Map takes 3.9 × 1011 years, so the Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem code is more resistant to Brute Force Attack than the Arnold's Cat Map method.

Optical measurement of the corneal oscillation for the determination of the intraocular pressure

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Osmers ◽  
Michael Sorg ◽  
Andreas Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
High Signal ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Handheld Device ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Reference Sensor

Abstract Motivation Glaucoma is currently the most common irreversible cause of blindness worldwide. A significant risk factor is an individually increased intraocular pressure (IOP). A precise measurement method is needed to determine the IOP in order to support the diagnosis of the disease and to monitor the outcome of the IOP reduction as a medical intervention. A handheld device is under development with which the patient can perform self-measurements outside the clinical environment. Method For the measurement principle of the self-tonometer the eye is acoustically excited to oscillate, which is analyzed and attributed to the present IOP. In order to detect the corneal oscillation, an optical sensor is required which meets the demands of a compact, battery driven self-tonometer. A combination of an infrared diode and a phototransistor provides a high-resolution measurement of the corneal oscillation in the range of 10 μm–150 μm, which is compared to a reference sensor in the context of this study. By means of an angular arrangement of the emitter and the detector, the degree of reflected radiation of the cornea can be increased, allowing a measurement with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Results By adjusting the angle of incidence between the detector and the emitter, the signal-to-noise ratio was improved by 40 dB which now allows reasonable measurements of the corneal oscillation. For low amplitudes (10 μm) the signal-to-noise ratio is 10% higher than that of the commercial reference sensor. On the basis of amplitude variations at different IOP levels, the estimated standard uncertainty amounts to <0.5 mm Hg in the physiological pressure range with the proposed measuring approach. Conclusion With a compact and cost-effective approach, that suits the requirements for a handheld self-tonometer, the corneal oscillation can be detected with high temporal resolution. The cross-sensitivity of the sensor concept concerning a distance variation can be reduced by adding a distance sensor. Existing systematic influences of corneal biomechanics will be integrated in the sensor concept as a consecutive step.

scholarly journals Consistent and accurate estimation of stellar parameters from HARPS-N Spectroscopy using Deep Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik Boe Hüttel ◽  
Line Katrine Harder Clemmensen
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Rotational Velocity ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Processing Steps ◽  
Astrophysical Research

Consistent and accurate estimation of stellar parameters is of great importance for information retrieval in astrophysical research. The parameters span a wide range from effective temperature to rotational velocity. We propose to estimate the stellar parameters directly from spectral signals coming from the HARPS-N spectrograph pipeline before any spectrum-processing steps are applied to extract the 1D spectrum. We propose an attention-based model to estimate the stellar parameters, which estimate both mean and uncertainty of the stellar parameters through estimation of the parameters of a Gaussian distribution. The estimated distributions create a basis to generate data-driven Gaussian confidence intervals for the estimated stellar parameters. We show that residual networks and attention-based models can estimate the stellar parameters with high accuracy for low Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to previous methods. With an observation of the Sun from the HARPS-N spectrograph, we show that the models can estimate stellar parameters from real observational data.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis and Classification of Cassette Exons and Constitutive Exons

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Cui ◽  
Meng Cai ◽  
H. Eugene Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
Cassette Exon ◽  
Mammalian Genomes ◽  
Alternatively Spliced ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Alternative splicing (AS) is a major engine that drives proteome diversity in mammalian genomes and is a widespread cause of human hereditary diseases. More than 95% of genes in the human genome are alternatively spliced, and the most common type of AS is the cassette exon. Recent discoveries have demonstrated that the cassette exon plays an important role in genetic diseases. To discover the formation mechanism of cassette exon events, we statistically analyze cassette exons and find that cassette exon events are strongly influenced by individual exons that are smaller in size and that have a lower GC content, more codon terminations, and weaker splice sites. We propose an improved random-forest-based hybrid method of distinguishing cassette exons from constitutive exons. Our method achieves a high accuracy in classifying cassette exons and constitutive exons and is verified to outperform previous approaches. It is anticipated that this study will facilitate a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms in cassette exons.

scholarly journals Pulsation of α Cir (HD 128898)

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 288-288
Author(s):  
Werner W. Weiss ◽  
Hartmut Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Stellar Interiors ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Ap Stars

AbstractThe group of pulsating CP2-stars (also called “rapidly oscillating Ap stars” provides asteroseismology with oscillation spectra of high accuracy. The potential as a diagnostic tool for modelling stellar interiors is widely appreciated. The identification of pulsation modes is important for such an analysis. However, this is rarely possible in an unambiguous manner. To improve the situation and to make use of additional information, we observed HD 128898 simultaneously spectroscopically and photometrically at ESO. For each of our individual CAT-CES spectra (1 minute integration time) it was thus possible to determine the pulsation phase at mid-exposure. A total of 887 spectra (R = 50000) were binned according to their pulsation phase and coadded to improve significantly the signal to noise ratio.

scholarly journals Tomographic Measurement of Ammonia Distribution on a Hot Gas Test Bench

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 876
Author(s):  
Bernhard Fischbacher ◽  
Bernhard Lechner ◽  
Bernhard Brandstätter
Keyword(s):  
Test Bench ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
High Signal ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Transimpedance Amplifiers ◽  
Gas Streams ◽  
Hot Gas

In situ optical measurement systems for gas detection with high temporal resolution enable new possibilities of detection opportunities for continuous pipe gas streams. A tomographic absorption-based measurement system has been developed to detect the ammonia (NH3) concentration distribution within an exhaust pipe on a hot gas test bench. Multiple ammonia line concentrations are measured in situ by applying nondispersive absorption spectroscopy in the deep ultraviolet (DUV) region. The detectors consist of photodiodes in combination with optimized transimpedance amplifiers (TIV) allowing high sampling rates up to 3 kHz while providing a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Despite the short path length of only eight centimeters a detection limit of 1 ppm has been achieved.

scholarly journals An Efficient Single-Anchor Localization Method Using Ultra-Wide Bandwidth Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyu Wang ◽  
Hanying Zhao ◽  
Yuan Shen
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
High System ◽  
Localization Systems

Ultra-wideband technology has the merits of high temporal resolution and stability, and it has been widely used for high-accuracy localization and tracking. However, most ultra-wideband localization systems need multiple anchors for trilateration, which results in high system cost, large messages overhead, and insufficient extraction of information. In this paper, we propose a single-anchor localization (SAL) mehtod that achieves high-accuracy multi-agent localization with high efficiency. In the proposed method, the anchor broadcasts the first two messages and then each agent responds one message to the anchor (quasi-)simultaneously. Based on the received message with superpositioned agent responses, the time-of-flight and angle-of-arrival information from all agents to the anchor can be extracted altogether. We implement the localization system in two indoor environments, and show that the proposed method can achieve decimeter-level accuracy for multiple agents using three messages. Our method provides design guidelines for high-accuracy and high-efficiency multi-agent localization systems.

scholarly journals Validation, comparison, and integration of GOCI, AHI, MODIS, MISR, and VIIRS aerosol optical depth over East Asia during the 2016 KORUS-AQ campaign

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 4619-4641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myungje Choi ◽  
Hyunkwang Lim ◽  
Jhoon Kim ◽  
Seoyoung Lee ◽  
Thomas F. Eck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Satellite Sensors

Abstract. Recently launched multichannel geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellite sensors, such as the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) and the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI), provide aerosol products over East Asia with high accuracy, which enables the monitoring of rapid diurnal variations and the transboundary transport of aerosols. Most aerosol studies to date have used low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite sensors, such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), with a maximum of one or two overpass daylight times per day from midlatitudes to low latitudes. Thus, the demand for new GEO observations with high temporal resolution and improved accuracy has been significant. In this study the latest versions of aerosol optical depth (AOD) products from three LEO sensors – MODIS (Dark Target, Deep Blue, and MAIAC), MISR, and the Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), along with two GEO sensors (GOCI and AHI), are validated, compared, and integrated for a period during the Korea–United States Air Quality Study (KORUS-AQ) field campaign from 1 May to 12 June 2016 over East Asia. The AOD products analyzed here generally have high accuracy with high R (0.84–0.93) and low RMSE (0.12–0.17), but their error characteristics differ according to the use of several different surface-reflectance estimation methods. High-accuracy near-real-time GOCI and AHI measurements facilitate the detection of rapid AOD changes, such as smoke aerosol transport from Russia to Japan on 18–21 May 2016, heavy pollution transport from China to the Korean Peninsula on 25 May 2016, and local emission transport from the Seoul Metropolitan Area to the Yellow Sea in South Korea on 5 June 2016. These high-temporal-resolution GEO measurements result in more representative daily AOD values and make a greater contribution to a combined daily AOD product assembled by median value selection with a 0.5∘×0.5∘ grid resolution. The combined AOD is spatially continuous and has a greater number of pixels with high accuracy (fraction within expected error range of 0.61) than individual products. This study characterizes aerosol measurements from LEO and GEO satellites currently in operation over East Asia, and the results presented here can be used to evaluate satellite measurement bias and air quality models.

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