scholarly journals A series of five population-specific Indian brain templates and atlases spanning ages 6 to 60 years

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharath Holla ◽  
Paul A. Taylor ◽  
Daniel R. Glen ◽  
John A. Lee ◽  
Nilakshi Vaidya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
List Type ◽  
Spatial Normalization ◽  
Maximum Probability ◽  
Total N ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Native Space ◽  
Probability Map ◽  
Population Average

AbstractAnatomical brain templates are commonly used as references in neurological MRI studies, for bringing data into a common space for group-level statistics and coordinate reporting. Given the inherent variability in brain morphology across age and geography, it is important to have templates that are as representative as possible for both age and population. A representative-template increases the accuracy of alignment, decreases distortions as well as potential biases in final coordinate reports. In this study, we developed and validated a new set of T1w Indian brain templates (IBT) from a large number of brain scans (total n=466) acquired across different locations and multiple 3T MRI scanners in India. A new tool in AFNI, make_template_dask.py, was created to efficiently make five age-specific IBTs (ages 6-60 years) as well as maximum probability map (MPM) atlases for each template; for each age-group’s template-atlas pair, there is both a “population-average” and a “typical” version. Validation experiments on an independent Indian structural and functional-MRI dataset show the appropriateness of IBTs for spatial normalization of Indian brains. The results indicate significant structural differences when comparing the IBTs and MNI template, with these differences being maximal along the Anterior-Posterior and Inferior-Superior axes, but minimal Left-Right. For each age-group, the MPM brain atlases provide reasonably good representation of the native-space volumes in the IBT space, except in a few regions with high inter-subject variability. These findings provide evidence to support the use of age and population-specific templates in human brain mapping studies. This dataset is made publicly available (https://hollabharath.github.io/IndiaBrainTemplates).HighlightsA new set of age-specific T1w Indian brain templates for ages 6-60 yr are developed and validated.A new AFNI tool, make_template_dask.py, for the creation of group-based templates.Maximum probability map atlases are also provided for each template.Results indicate the appropriateness of Indian templates for spatial normalization of Indian brains

scholarly journals Environmental Conditions and Gas Concentrations in Deep-Pit Finishing Cattle Facilities: A Descriptive Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Erin L. Cortus ◽  
Brian P. Hetchler ◽  
Mindy J. Spiehs ◽  
Warren C Rusche
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
List Type ◽  
Total N ◽  
Floor Level ◽  
Deep Pit ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle

HighlightsTemperature and air movement in the naturally ventilated barns correlated to ambient conditions.Manure N-P-K values related to solids distribution in the manure storage.Ammonia and combined sulfur concentrations increased with closer proximity to the manure surface.Influences of manure properties, airflow conditions, barn design, and management were evident for gas concentrations.Abstract. There is a lack of data to describe the range of environmental and air quality conditions in beef cattle confinement buildings with deep-pit manure storage. The objective of this article is to describe the environmental conditions, manure nutrient concentrations, and aerial gas concentrations for three deep-pit manure storage finishing beef cattle facilities and varying weather conditions. Measurements were collected from three barns finishing beef cattle with deep pits in Minnesota on three sampling days per barn in summer, fall, and spring weather conditions. The air temperatures throughout the barns closely mirrored the ambient temperature conditions, although significantly lower temperatures were sometimes evident at the manure surface or in the inlet opening. However, the manure and floor surfaces had 2°C and 5°C temperature increases over ambient temperatures. Air speeds through the barn openings were generally 40% of the ambient wind speed; at animal level, the average air speed was 1 to 3 m s-1. Manure nutrient distributions were not consistent between the surface and agitated (whole pit) samples, and this was likely due in part to solids distribution in the storage. Total nitrogen levels ranged from 4.5 to 6.7 g L-1, and ammonium-N was 50% to 65% of total N in agitated whole-pit samples. Phosphate and potassium oxide levels ranged from 2.8 to 4.2 g L-1 and from 3.7 to 4.5 g L-1, respectively. Aerial ammonia and combined sulfur concentrations varied by location within a barn, pen, and season. Ammonia and combined sulfur increased with proximity to the manure surface. Higher ammonia and combined sulfur concentrations at manure level and floor level for one of the three barns may have related to water quality and/or feed composition and resulting manure nutrients, in addition to warmer temperatures. At floor level, the greatest average ammonia concentration was 8.5 ppm, and 3.9 ppm at nose level. Maximum combined sulfur levels were a maximum of 270 ppb at floor level in summer conditions in one of the barns, while 52 ppb was the maximum average during spring conditions. Carbon dioxide levels also varied by location within a barn, pen, and season and were related in part to the presence of cattle in the pen. This project is the first to quantify air quality in slatted-floor cattle barns and contributes to a body of knowledge that can be used to develop process-based models for estimating air emissions from cattle facilities. Keywords: Airflow, Ammonia, Beef cattle, Confinement, Hydrogenslfide, Manure characteristics, Temperature.

scholarly journals A comprehensive macaque fMRI pipeline and hierarchical atlas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Jung ◽  
Paul A. Taylor ◽  
Jakob Seidlitz ◽  
Caleb Sponheim ◽  
Pierce Perkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
List Type ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Population Average ◽  
Cortical Hierarchy ◽  
Fmri Analysis ◽  
Human Primate

AbstractFunctional neuroimaging research in the non-human primate (NHP) has been advancing at a remarkable rate. The increase in available data establishes a need for robust analysis pipelines designed for NHP neuroimaging and accompanying template spaces to standardize the localization of neuroimaging results. Our group recently developed the NIMH Macaque Template (NMT), a high-resolution population average anatomical template and associated neuroimaging resources, providing researchers with a standard space for macaque neuroimaging (Seidlitz, Sponheim et al., 2018). Here, we release NMT v2, which includes both symmetric and asymmetric templates in stereotaxic orientation, with improvements in spatial contrast, processing efficiency, and segmentation. We also introduce the Cortical Hierarchy Atlas of the Rhesus Macaque (CHARM), a hierarchical parcellation of the macaque cerebral cortex with varying degrees of detail. These tools have been integrated into the neuroimaging analysis software AFNI (Cox, 1996) to provide a comprehensive and robust pipeline for fMRI processing, visualization and analysis of NHP data. AFNI’s new @animal_warper program can be used to efficiently align anatomical scans to the NMT v2 space, and afni_proc.py integrates these results with full fMRI processing using macaque-specific parameters: from motion correction through regression modeling. Taken together, the NMT v2 and AFNI represent an all-in-one package for macaque functional neuroimaging analysis, as demonstrated with available demos for both task and resting state fMRI.HighlightsThe NMT v2, a stereotaxically aligned symmetric macaque template, is introduced.A new atlas (CHARM), defined on NMT v2, parcellates the cortex at six spatial scales.AFNI’s @animal_warper aligns and maps data between monkey anatomicals and templates.AFNI’s afni_proc.py facilitates monkey fMRI analysis with automated scripting and QC.Demos of macaque task and resting state fMRI analysis with these tools are provided.

scholarly journals The Safety Conversation: developing a trustwide safety conference at CNWL during a pandemic

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S133-S134
Author(s):  
Emily Duncan ◽  
Simon Edwards ◽  
Alison Butler ◽  
Cornelius Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Community Health Services ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
List Type ◽  
Frontline Staff ◽  
New Ways Of Working ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Virtual Conference ◽  
Strongly Agree

AimsThe COVID pandemic has had both a massive impact on clinical service delivery and the way that training and education is provided. CNWL is a large NHS provider and has approximately 7000 staff working across 150 locations, providing mental health and community health services. In response to the need to share learning across the organisation, a trustwide “Safety Conversation Day” took place to spotlight the work being done to promote safety and to act as a platform to share ideas and learning across the trust. This was the first ever virtual conference organised by the trust.MethodThe one-day conference included virtual posters and an all-day open access virtual conversation delivered via zoom. The day was divided into 6 safety themes: Safety tools; Safer Environments; Supporting and Involving Staff; Safer use of Medicines; See Think Act and Relational Security; and Prevention is Better than Cure. Frontline staff delivered 5-6 short presentations each hour highlighting new ways of working, quality improvement, local research etc.Staff were also encouraged to submit posters for the event, with webinars held on how to write a poster held prior to the safety conversation to promote engagement. Prizes were awarded for best posters in the different categories.A mentimeter survey was running throughout the day to get feedback from participants.ResultThis was the largest event of this kind held by the trust. 430 unique viewers logged in during the day to watch the presentations.Feedback was very positive on the mentimeter survey. 3 questions were asked on a likert scale of: Strongly Disagree – Strongly Agree (rated out of 5): –‘I found the posters really useful': 4.5/5–‘I found the presentations very useful': 4.6/5–‘I will share what I've learnt about safety': 4.6/5Open space questions and word cloud responses also highlighted qualitative feedback with most frequent responses including ‘inspiring', ‘interesting and ‘stimulating’.174 posters were presented with good representation from all services and staff groups across the trust (18 on safer use of medicines, 15 on co-production, 52 on quality improvement, 50 on COVID and non-COVID safety, 16 on use of technology, 23 on supporting and involving staff). These posters have since been downloaded 4062 times.ConclusionThe first CNWL safety conference proved an excellent opportunity to celebrate achievements in patient safety in a very difficult year. It was very well-received and well-attended by staff, promoting maximal learning across the organisation.

Detecting Bruise Damage and Level of Severity in Apples Using a Contactless NIR Spectrometer

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-270
Author(s):  
Jean Frederic Isingizwe Nturambirwe ◽  
Helene H Nieuwoudt ◽  
Willem Jacobus Perold ◽  
Umezuruike Linus Opara
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
List Type ◽  
Classification Models

HighlightsIn the Emission Head (EH) configuration differences in apple bruise severity were well captured.A good representation of new samples variability, in calibration, ensured robust quantitative PLS-DA models.EH mode with PLS-DA is an attractive spectroscopic option for inline apple sorting based on bruise damage. Abstract. Bruise damage in apples is very common and undesirable because it hinders consumer satisfaction and greatly contributes to food loss. Fast detection of bruise damage in fruit using spectroscopic systems is still problematic, especially in terms of quantitative and objective assessments of mechanical damage and standardization of bruise measurement method, among other issues. Non-destructive techniques among which is near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy are under development as a potential solution carrier for such issues. A study of bruise damage was conducted on three apple cultivars using Fourier transform (FT) near infrared spectroscopy in two configurations (‘emission head’ of Bruker’s Matrix-F and ‘integrating sphere’ of Bruker’s multipurpose analyzer, MPA). The emission head (EH) allows for contactless large sample (100 mm) exposure that simulates on-line applications, while the MPA (sample size: 22 mm) is commonly used for in-laboratory analysis of inhomogeneous material such as fruit. Bruise damages were mechanically induced in apples, bruise sizes measured physically and destructively. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to determine the differences captured by the scanning spectrometers in apple fruit tissues. Discriminant analysis revealed that in both sample acquisition modes, distinction between bruised and non-bruised apple fruit tissue was achieved with high (from 78% to 93%) accuracy of classification (ACcl) based solely on spectral data. The classification accuracy improved when individual cultivars were considered and ranged from 94% to 96%. Classification models were tested for robustness and showed that both cultivar and bruise severity had influence on classification models’ performance. The results showed ability of the emission head configuration in detecting bruises and differentiating between severity of bruises in apple fruit, thus making it a good candidate for use in rapid detection and quantitative assessment of bruising in apple on sorting lines. Possibilities for improving the classification model performance and ensuring their robustness for the EH were suggested. Keywords: Apple bruise, Discriminant analysis, Model performance, Model threshold, NIR spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Using Perfusion Contrast for Spatial Normalization of ASL MRI Images in a Pediatric Craniosynostosis Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. de Planque ◽  
Henk J. M. M. Mutsaerts ◽  
Vera C. Keil ◽  
Nicole S. Erler ◽  
Marjolein H. G. Dremmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Spin Labeling ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Spatial Normalization ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Nonlinear Transformations ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Structural Image ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Normal Brain Development

Spatial normalization is an important step for group image processing and evaluation of mean brain perfusion in anatomical regions using arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI and is typically performed via high-resolution structural brain scans. However, structural segmentation and/or spatial normalization to standard space is complicated when gray-white matter contrast in structural images is low due to ongoing myelination in newborns and infants. This problem is of particularly clinical relevance for imaging infants with inborn or acquired disorders that impair normal brain development. We investigated whether the ASL MRI perfusion contrast is a viable alternative for spatial normalization, using a pseudo-continuous ASL acquired using a 1.5 T MRI unit (GE Healthcare). Four approaches have been compared: (1) using the structural image contrast, or perfusion contrast with (2) rigid, (3) affine, and (4) nonlinear transformations – in 16 healthy controls [median age 0.83 years, inter-quartile range (IQR) ± 0.56] and 36 trigonocephaly patients (median age 0.50 years, IQR ± 0.30) – a non-syndromic type of craniosynostosis. Performance was compared quantitatively using the real-valued Tanimoto coefficient (TC), visually by three blinded readers, and eventually by the impact on regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) values. For both patients and controls, nonlinear registration using perfusion contrast showed the highest TC, at 17.51 (CI 6.66–49.38) times more likely to have a higher rating and 17.45–18.88 ml/100 g/min higher CBF compared with the standard normalization. Using perfusion-based contrast improved spatial normalization compared with the use of structural images, significantly affected the regional CBF, and may open up new possibilities for future large pediatric ASL brain studies.

scholarly journals Automatic Landmark-guided Bijective Brain Image Registration by Composing Region-based Locally Diffeomorphic Warpings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengda He ◽  
Qolamreza R. Razlighi
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Spatial Normalization ◽  
Weighted Interpolation ◽  
Brain Images ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Normalization Methods ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation

AbstractAs the size of the neuroimaging cohorts being increased to address key questions in the field of cognitive neuroscience, cognitive aging, and neurodegenerative diseases, the accuracy of the spatial normalization as an essential pre-processing step becomes extremely important in the neuroimaging processing pipeline. Existing spatial normalization methods have poor accuracy particularly when dealing with the highly convoluted human cerebral cortex and when brain morphology is severely altered (e.g. clinical and aging populations). To address this shortcoming, we propose to implement and evaluate a novel landmark-guided region-based spatial normalization technique that takes advantage of the existing surface-based human brain parcellation to automatically identify and match regional landmarks. To simplify the non-linear whole brain registration, the identified landmarks of each region and their counterparts are registered independently with large diffeomorphic (topology preserving) deformation via geodesic shooting. The regional diffeomorphic warping fields were combined by an inverse distance weighted interpolation technique to have a smooth global warping field for the whole brain. To ensure that the final warping field is diffeomorphic, we used simultaneously forward and reverse maps with certain symmetric constraints to yield bijectivity. We have evaluated our proposed method using both simulated and real (structural and functional) human brain images. Our evaluation shows that our method can enhance structural correspondence up to around 86%, a 67% improvement compared to the existing state-of-the-art method. Such improvement also increases the sensitivity and specificity of the functional imaging studies by about 17%, reducing the required number of subjects and subsequent costs. We conclude that our proposed method can effectively substitute existing substandard spatial normalization methods to deal with the demand of large cohorts and the need for investigating clinical and aging populations.

scholarly journals Deep Learning Achieves Neuroradiologist-Level Performance in Detecting Hydrocephalus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Huang ◽  
Raquel Moreno ◽  
Rachna Malani ◽  
Alicia Meng ◽  
Nathaniel Swinburne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Population ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
List Type ◽  
Convolutional Network ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Mri Brain ◽  
Volumetric Features ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Brain Tissues

AbstractPurposeWe aim to develop automated detection of hydrocephalus requiring treatment in a heterogeneous patient population referred for MRI brain scans, and compare performance to that of neuroradiologists.Materials and MethodsWe leveraged 496 clinical MRI brain scans (259 hydrocephalus) collected retrospectively at a single clinical site from patients aged 2–90 years (mean 54) referred for any reason. Sixteen MRI scans (ten hydrocephalus) were segmented semi-automatically in 3D to delineate ventricles, extraventricular CSF, and brain tissues. A 3D CNN was trained on these segmentations and subsequently used to automatically segment the remaining 480 scans. To detect hydrocephalus, volumetric features such as volumes of ventricles and temporal horns were computed from the segmentation and were used to train a linear classifier. Machine performance was evaluated in a diagnosis dataset where hydrocephalus was confirmed as requiring surgical intervention, and compared to four neuroradiologists on a random subset of 240 scans. The pipeline was tested on a separate screening dataset of 205 scans collected from a routine clinical population aged 1–95 years (mean 56) to predict the majority reading from four neuroradiologists using images alone.ResultsWhen compared to the neuroradiologists at a matched sensitivity, the machine did not show a significant difference in specificity (proportions test, p > 0.05). The machine demonstrated comparable performance in independent diagnosis and screening datasets. Overall ROC performance compared favorably with the state-of-the-art (AUC 0.82–0.93).ConclusionHydrocephalus can be detected automatically from MRI in a heterogeneous patient population with performance equivalent to that of neuroradiologists.Summary statementA two-stage automated pipeline was developed to segment head MRI and extract volumetric features to accurately and efficiently detect hydrocephalus that required shunting and achieved performance comparable to that of trained neuroradiologists.Key PointsWe developed a state-of-the-art 3D deep convolutional network to perform fully automated segmentation of the ventricles, extraventricular cerebrospinal fluid, and brain tissues in anisotropic MRI brain scans in a heterogeneous patient population.Volumetric features extracted from anatomical segmentations can be used to classify hydrocephalus (which may require neurosurgical intervention) vs. non-hydrocephalus.When tested in an independent dataset, the network achieved performance comparable to that of expert neuroradiologists.

scholarly journals Shared loci of telomere length with brain morphology, and pleiotropy in transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles of brain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gita A Pathak ◽  
Frank Wendt ◽  
Daniel F Levey ◽  
Adam Mecca ◽  
Christopher van Dyck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Total N ◽  
Cell Cycle Transition ◽  
Calcium Ion Transport ◽  
Shared Genetic

Premature shortening of telomere length is observed in neuropsychiatric disorders. We tested genetic colocalization of seven and nine leukocyte telomere length (LTL) loci in two ancestry groups, European (EUR) and East-Asian (EAS), respectively (total n=60,601) with brain morphology measures for 101 region-of-interests (ROI) (n=21,821). The posterior probability (>90%) was observed for fourth ventricle, gray matter and cerebellar vermal lobules I-IV volumes. We found regulatory genes (p ≤ 2.47 x10-6) by integrating transcriptomic (EAS=4;EUR=5) and methylation data (EUR=17; EAS=4) of brain tissues using Summary-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR). The LTL SNP associations were tested for brain-based chromatin profiles using H-MAGMA (EUR=50; EAS=97; p<= 1.02 x10-6). Pathway enrichment of tissue-specific genes highlighted calcium ion transport (fetal brain) and G2/M cell cycle transition (adult brain). This study provides evidence that previously reported LTL associations with neuropsychiatric disorders could be related to a shared genetic relationship between LTL and brain structural and regulatory traits.

scholarly journals P020 Vitamin supplementation survey: an audit of the usage of vitamin D supplementation in paediatric patients, pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. e2.24-e2
Author(s):  
Lowri Thomas ◽  
Bhavee Patel
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
List Type ◽  
Vitamin Supplements ◽  
Total N ◽  
Scientific Advisory Committee ◽  
Scientific Advisory

BackgroundA lack of vitamin D can lead to skeletal deformities and disturbances in growth.1 The Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) published a report in July 2016 making new recommendations for vitamin D supplementation. Subsequently, our local guidelines were updated on the supplementation of vitamin D in the paediatric population, pregnant women, and breastfeeding mothers.AimIt is currently unknown whether these guidelines are being adhered to and as such, this audit was designed to assess the vitamin D supplementation status of these populations.ObjectivesEstablish current level of understanding around the routine use of vitamin supplements; Consider what advice is currently provided and who provides this advice; Determine the current use of vitamin D supplementation in children as well as the levels of vitamin D supplementation in breastfeeding mothers and pregnant women; Assess whether these groups are consuming appropriate quantities of vitamin D supplementation and identify reasons why they may not be.MethodsData collection was undertaken by pharmacists across two hospitals. Standards were based on the new guidelines published by SACN and local guidelines and were agreed by the clinical lead paediatric pharmacist. Data capture tools were designed in alignment with the standards and piloted. Modifications were made, exclusion criteria established and a total of 164 forms were distributed. All data collected was inputted to a database and analysed accordingly. Ethical approval was not required.ResultsOf the 164 questionnaires distributed, 93 were returned (57% response rate). Less than 30% of the parents surveyed stated they had received advice on childhood vitamin supplementation (n=16 of total n=54) and only 24.5% of children (n=25 of total n=102) were receiving a form of vitamin supplementation. A significantly higher percentage of pregnant/breastfeeding mothers 77% (n=30 of total n=39) stated they had received advice regarding vitamin supplementation. In these cases, midwives and health visitors most commonly provided the advice. Despite this, only 54% (n=21) confirmed that they were taking vitamin supplements.ConclusionWith such low rates of vitamin supplementation, the overall outcome shows poor adherence to current guidance. The results suggest a great need to improve public understanding and education of the risks associated with lack of vitamin D. Standardising practice, enhancing services and the advice provided to patients are ways to encourage compliance to guidelines and ultimately improve the health of those populations who are at risk.ReferenceScientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN). Vitamin D and health. London: TSO; 2016.

scholarly journals A Mesoscale Finite Element Modelling Approach for Understanding Brain Morphology and Material Heterogeneity Effects in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bakhtairydavijani ◽  
G. Khalid ◽  
M.A. Murphy ◽  
K.L. Johnson ◽  
L. E. Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Complex Stress ◽  
Fe Analysis ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
List Type ◽  
Tissue Properties ◽  
Heterogeneity Effects ◽  
Modelling Approach

AbstractChronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) affects a significant portion of athletes in contact sports but is difficult to quantify using clinical examinations and modelling approaches. We use an in silico approach to quantify CTE biomechanics using mesoscale Finite Element (FE) analysis that bridges with macroscale whole head FE analysis. The sulci geometry produces complex stress waves that interact with each another to create increased shear stresses at the sulci depth that are significantly larger than in analyses without sulci (from 0.5 kPa to 18.0 kPa). Also, Peak sulci stresses are located where CTE has been experimentally observed in the literature.Highlights3 to 5 bullet points 85 characters maxSulci introduce stress localizations at their depth in the gray matterSulci stress fields interact to produce stress concentration sites in white matterDifferentiating brain tissue properties did not significantly affect peak stresses

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document