scholarly journals The effects of cannabis use on cognitive function in healthy aging: A systematic scoping review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Pocuca ◽  
T. Jordan Walter ◽  
Arpi Minassian ◽  
Jared W. Young ◽  
Mark A. Geyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Null Results ◽  
Dependent Relationship ◽  
Chronic Doses ◽  
Dose Dependent

Middle-to-older-aged adults (>50 years) represent the fastest-growing cannabis-using population. Given aging and cannabis use are associated with cognitive decline, it is important to establish the effects of cannabis on cognitive function in this population. This systematic scoping review used PRISMA guidelines to critically examine the extent of literature on this topic and highlight areas for future research. A search of six databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Family and Society Studies Worldwide, and CINAHL) for articles published by September 2019, yielded 1,014 unique results. Only six articles reported findings for middle-to-older-aged populations (three human and three rodent studies), highlighting the paucity of research. Available human studies revealed largely null results, likely due to several methodological limitations. Nevertheless, the better-controlled rodent studies indicated an age and dose-dependent relationship between ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cognitive function in aging. Extremely low doses of THC improved cognitive function in very old rodents. Somewhat higher chronic doses were required to improve cognitive function in moderately aged rodents. No studies examined the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) or high-CBD cannabis on cognition. Future research should examine the relevance of age and dose-dependent effects of THC in humans and the effects of CBD on cognitive function in aging.

scholarly journals The Effects of Cannabis Use on Cognitive Function in Healthy Aging: A Systematic Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Pocuca ◽  
T Jordan Walter ◽  
Arpi Minassian ◽  
Jared W Young ◽  
Mark A Geyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chronic Doses

Abstract Background Older adults (≥50 years) represent the fastest-growing population of people who use cannabis, potentially due to the increasing promotion of cannabis as medicine by dispensaries and cannabis websites. Given healthy aging and cannabis use are both associated with cognitive decline, it is important to establish the effects of cannabis on cognition in healthy aging. Objective This systematic scoping review used preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines to critically examine the extent of literature on this topic and highlight areas for future research. Method A search of six databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Family and Society Studies Worldwide, and CINAHL) for articles published by September 2019, yielded 1,014 unique results. Results Six articles reported findings for older populations (three human and three rodent studies), highlighting the paucity of research in this area. Human studies revealed largely null results, likely due to several methodological limitations. Better-controlled rodent studies indicate that the relationship between ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cognitive function in healthy aging depends on age and level of THC exposure. Extremely low doses of THC improved cognition in very old rodents. Somewhat higher chronic doses improved cognition in moderately aged rodents. No studies examined the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) or high-CBD cannabis on cognition. Conclusions This systematic scoping review provides crucial, timely direction for future research on this emerging issue. Future research that combines neuroimaging and cognitive assessment would serve to advance understanding of the effects of age and quantity of THC and CBD on cognition in healthy aging.

Impact of Internet use on cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly people in China: a longitudinal observational study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyue Yu ◽  
Xiang Wu ◽  
Aruhan Mu ◽  
Liqin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet

BACKGROUND Given that cognitive decline lacks effective treatment options and has severe implications for healthy aging, Internet use may achieve non-pharmacological relief of cognitive decline through cognitive stimulation and social engagement. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the variety, frequency and type of Internet use and cognitive decline from two theoretical perspectives: the cognitive reserve theory and the stress hypothesis. METHODS Data were obtained from a total of 10,532 survey samples from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) databases wave 3 (2014) and wave 5 (2018). Cognitive function was measured using vocabulary tests, and Internet use was categorized into five aspects: study, work, social, entertainment, and business. Associations between diversity, frequency, and type of Internet use and cognitive decline were estimated by controlling for demographic variables and health status risk factors through fixed-effects models. RESULTS Using the Internet at least once a week for study, work, and entertainment purposes, and for social purposes less than once a week were all associated with better cognitive function. Using the Internet less than once a week for business activity was associated with poorer cognitive function. Using more than one type of Internet at least once a week was associated with better cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that breadth and depth of Internet use is positively associated with cognitive function, and that different types of Internet use have different roles in cognitive decline. The importance of the Internet as a non-pharmacological intervention pathway for cognitive decline is emphasized. It is instructive for the development of relevant policies. Future research could explore specific mechanisms of influence.

scholarly journals Intake of Products Containing Anthocyanins, Flavanols, and Flavanones, and Cognitive Function: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha L. Gardener ◽  
Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith ◽  
Michael Weinborn ◽  
Catherine P. Bondonno ◽  
Ralph N. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Pathway ◽  
Age Related

The purpose of this review is to examine human research studies published within the past 6 years which evaluate the role of anthocyanin, flavanol, and flavanone consumption in cognitive function, and to discuss potential mechanisms of action underlying any observed benefits. Evidence to date suggests the consumption of flavonoid-rich foods, such as berries and cocoa, may have the potential to limit, or even reverse, age-related declines in cognition. Over the last 6 years, the flavonoid subgroups of anthocyanins, flavanols, and flavanones have been shown to be beneficial in terms of conferring neuroprotection. The mechanisms by which flavonoids positively modulate cognitive function are yet to be fully elucidated. Postulated mechanisms include both direct actions such as receptor activation, neurotrophin release and intracellular signaling pathway modulation, and indirect actions such as enhancement of cerebral blood flow. Further intervention studies conducted in diverse populations with sufficient sample sizes and long durations are required to examine the effect of consumption of flavonoid groups on clinically relevant cognitive outcomes. As populations continue to focus on adopting healthy aging strategies, dietary interventions with flavonoids remains a promising avenue for future research. However, many questions are still to be answered, including identifying appropriate dosage, timeframes for intake, as well as the best form of flavonoids, before definitive conclusions can be drawn about the extent to which their consumption can protect the aging brain.

scholarly journals Eating Alone or Together among Community-Living Older People—A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3495
Author(s):  
Amanda Björnwall ◽  
Ylva Mattsson Sydner ◽  
Afsaneh Koochek ◽  
Nicklas Neuman
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Community Living ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Research Designs

Research on healthy aging commonly concerns problems related to loneliness and food intake. These are not independent aspects of health since eating, beyond its biological necessity, is a central part of social life. This scoping review aimed to map scientific articles on eating alone or together among community-living older people, and to identify relevant research gaps. Four databases were searched, 989 articles were identified and 98 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In the first theme, eating alone or together are treated as central topics of interest, isolated from adjoining, broader concepts such as social participation. In the second, eating alone or together are one aspect of the findings, e.g., one of several risk factors for malnutrition. Findings confirm the significance of commensality in older peoples’ life. We recommend future research designs allowing identification of causal relationships, using refined ways of measuring meals alone or together, and qualitative methods adding complexity.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Cannabis Use and Cognition in People with Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Jordan Walter ◽  
Nina Pocuca ◽  
Jared W. Young ◽  
Mark A. Geyer ◽  
Arpi Minassian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTBipolar disorder (BD) and cannabis use are highly comorbid and are each associated with cognitive impairment. It is therefore important to understand the relationship between cannabis use and cognition in people with BD, as cannabis use in BD may be associated with greater cognitive impairment. We performed a scoping review to determine how much and what is currently known in this field. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycINFO for studies on the relationship between cannabis and cognition in people with BD or relevant animal models. Six observational human studies met inclusion criteria. Two studies found cannabis use in BD was associated with better performance in some cognitive domains, while three studies found no association. One study found cannabis use in BD was associated with worse overall cognition. Overall, most identified studies suggest cannabis use is not associated with significant cognitive impairment in BD; however, the scope of knowledge in this field is limited, and more systematic studies are clearly required. Future studies should focus on longitudinal and experimental trials, as well as well-controlled observational studies with rigorous quantification of the onset, frequency, quantity, duration, and type of cannabis use.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccination: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12024
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Mollalo ◽  
Alireza Mohammadi ◽  
Sara Mavaddati ◽  
Behzad Kiani
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Health Access ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Analysis Techniques

Spatial analysis of COVID-19 vaccination research is increasing in recent literature due to the availability of COVID-19 vaccination data that usually contain location components. However, to our knowledge, no previous study has provided a comprehensive review of this research area. Therefore, in this scoping review, we examined the breadth of spatial and spatiotemporal vaccination studies to summarize previous findings, highlight research gaps, and provide guidelines for future research. We performed this review according to the five-stage methodological framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley. We screened all articles published in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, as of 21 September 2021, that had employed at least one form of spatial analysis of COVID-19 vaccination. In total, 36 articles met the inclusion criteria and were organized into four main themes: disease surveillance (n = 35); risk analysis (n = 14); health access (n = 16); and community health profiling (n = 2). Our findings suggested that most studies utilized preliminary spatial analysis techniques, such as disease mapping, which might not lead to robust inferences. Moreover, few studies addressed data quality, modifiable areal unit problems, and spatial dependence, highlighting the need for more sophisticated spatial and spatiotemporal analysis techniques.

scholarly journals Interventions for adolescent alcohol consumption in Africa: protocol for a scoping review including an overview of reviews

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice M. Biggane ◽  
Eleanor Briegal ◽  
Angela Obasi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adolescent Alcohol ◽  
Cochrane Database

Abstract Background Harmful alcohol use is a leading risk to the health of populations worldwide. Within Africa, where most consumers are adolescents, alcohol use represents a key public health challenge. Interventions to prevent or substantially delay alcohol uptake and decrease alcohol consumption in adolescence could significantly decrease morbidity and mortality, through both immediate effects and future improved adult outcomes. In Africa, these interventions are urgently needed; however, key data necessary to develop them are lacking as most evidence to date relates to high-income countries. The purpose of this review is to examine and map the range of interventions in use and create an evidence base for future research in this area. Methods In the first instance, we will conduct a review of systematic reviews relevant to global adolescent alcohol interventions. We will search the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL, Web of Science, Global Health and PubMed using a broad search. In the second instance we will conduct a scoping review by drawing on the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. We will search for all study designs and grey literature using the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL, Web of Science and Global Health, Google searches and searches in websites of relevant professional bodies and charities. An iterative approach to charting, collating, summarising and reporting the data will be taken, with the development of charting forms and the final presentation of results led by the extracted data. In both instances, the inclusion and exclusion criteria have been pre-defined, and two reviewers will independently screen abstracts and full text to determine eligibility of articles. Discussion It is anticipated that our findings will map intervention strategies aiming to reduce adolescent alcohol consumption in Africa. These findings are likely to be useful in informing future research, policy and public health strategies. Findings will be disseminated widely through peer-reviewed publication and in various media, for example, conferences, congresses or symposia. Protocol Registration This protocol was submitted to the Open Science Framework on May 03, 2021. www.osf.io/qnvba

A Systematic Literature Review of the EFQM Excellence Model from 1991 to 2019

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yousaf ◽  
Petr Bris
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
European Foundation ◽  
The Subject

A systematic literature review (SLR) from 1991 to 2019 is carried out about EFQM (European Foundation for Quality Management) excellence model in this paper. The aim of the paper is to present state of the art in quantitative research on the EFQM excellence model that will guide future research lines in this field. The articles were searched with the help of six strings and these six strings were executed in three popular databases i.e. Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Around 584 peer-reviewed articles examined, which are directly linked with the subject of quantitative research on the EFQM excellence model. About 108 papers were chosen finally, then the purpose, data collection, conclusion, contributions, and type of quantitative of the selected papers are discussed and analyzed briefly in this study. Thus, this study identifies the focus areas of the researchers and knowledge gaps in empirical quantitative literature on the EFQM excellence model. This article also presents the lines of future research.

scholarly journals Applied sport science and medicine of women’s rugby codes: a systematic-scoping review and consensus on future research priorities protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e001108
Author(s):  
Omar Heyward ◽  
Stacey Emmonds ◽  
Gregory Roe ◽  
Sean Scantlebury ◽  
Keith Stokes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Consensus Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Delphi Consensus ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Sport Science ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Women’s rugby (rugby league, rugby union and rugby sevens) has recently grown in participation and professionalisation. There is under-representation of women-only cohorts within applied sport science and medicine research and within the women’s rugby evidence base. The aims of this article are: Part 1: to undertake a systematic-scoping review of the applied sport science and medicine of women’s rugby, and Part 2: to develop a consensus statement on future research priorities. This article will be designed in two parts: Part 1: a systematic-scoping review, and Part 2: a three-round Delphi consensus method. For Part 1, systematic searches of three electronic databases (PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, SPORTDiscus (EBSCOhost)) will be performed from the earliest record. These databases will be searched to identify any sport science and medicine themed studies within women’s rugby. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews will be adhered to. Part 2 involves a three-round Delphi consensus method to identify future research priorities. Identified experts in women’s rugby will be provided with overall findings from Part 1 to inform decision-making. Participants will then be asked to provide a list of research priority areas. Over the three rounds, priority areas achieving consensus (≥70% agreement) will be identified. This study has received institutional ethical approval. When complete, the manuscript will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. The findings of this article will have relevance for a wide range of stakeholders in women’s rugby, including policymakers and governing bodies.

scholarly journals SAT0623-HPR THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION IN ADULTS WITH FIBROMYALGIA: A QUALITATIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1271.1-1272
Author(s):  
S. Derham ◽  
J. Lewis ◽  
E. Dures ◽  
F. Cramp
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Cognitive Changes

Background:Adults with fibromyalgia frequently report symptoms of cognitive dysfunction, often referred to as fibrofog. However primary research exploring cognitive dysfunction in the lives of adults with fibromyalgia is very limited (Kravitz and Katz, 2015).Objectives:The aim of this review was to (i) synthesise the qualitative literature on the lived experiences of cognitive dysfunction in adults with fibromyalgia, (ii) develop common themes through thematic analysis and (iii) identify knowledge gaps to inform future research and clinical practice in this area.Methods:Seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Amed, Scopus and OpenGrey), reference lists of key articles and two high impact qualitative journals were searched from 1990 to November 2018. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they reported primary qualitative data exploring the experiences of cognitive dysfunction in adults with fibromyalgia. Included studies were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) qualitative checklist and extracted data analysed using narrative synthesis. SD conducted critical appraisal and data extraction on all included studies. FC, JL and ED reviewed five papers each. All papers were reviewed by two co-authors. Of the 1413 records identified, 15 studies were selected for inclusion.Results:These studies included 208 women and 22 men with fibromyalgia, aged 18 to 72 years and representing seven different countries. Duration of diagnosis was four months to 34 years. Fourteen studies used interviews and one used focus groups. None of the included studies focussed exclusively on cognitive function in adults with fibromyalgia. Three studies identified themes specific to cognitive dysfunction and fibromyalgia symptoms. The remaining 12 studies presented relevant data intertwined with the overall lived experiences of fibromyalgia.Cognitive dysfunction, as a part of fibromyalgia, was often unpredictable. Problems with memory and concentration that were most commonly reported were emotionally distressing and affected functional and vocational activities. Participants found communication effortful, with a negative impact on work, leisure and social activities. Stress, fear and worry around perceived cognitive changes were commonly expressed. Lost employment or changed work roles and relationships, due to cognitive difficulties, had negative impacts for many participants. The terms cognitive dysfunction and fibrofog were used interchangeably within the studies, but lacked common definition. This introduced uncertainty around whether participants and authors were describing the same phenomenon.Conclusion:Adults with fibromyalgia experience unpredictable and emotionally impactful difficulties related to cognitive dysfunction. Functional impact was broad-reaching, particularly around work ability and lost employment opportunities. It is unclear how cognitive symptoms in fibromyalgia related to co-morbid symptoms such as pain, fatigue and poor sleep. Further research focusing on the full impact of cognitive function on the lives of adults with fibromyalgia is recommended to inform clinical practice. Research to establish clarity of definition of the terms cognitive dysfunction and fibrofog within fibromyalgia is highly recommended.References:[1]Kravitz H, Katz R. Fibrofog and fibromyalgia: a narrative review and implications for clinical practice. Rheumatology International. 2015;35(7):1115-25.Acknowledgments:This work is supported by the National Institute for Heath Research [ICA-PCAF-2018-01-078 to SD]Disclosure of Interests:Sandra Derham: None declared, Jenny Lewis: None declared, Emma Dures Grant/research support from: Independent Learning Grant from Pfizer, combined funding for a research fellow from Celgene, Abbvie and Novartis, Paid instructor for: A fee from Novartis to deliver training to nurses., Fiona Cramp: None declared

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