COMPARISON OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ENABLED METHODS IN THE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF COVID-19 DISEASE.

Objectives: Comparison of three different Artificial intelligence (AI) methods of assessment for patients undergoing Computed tomography (CT) for suspected Covid-19 disease. Parameters studied were probability of diagnosis, quantification of disease severity and the time to reach the diagnosis . Methods: 107 consecutive patients of suspected Covid-19 patients were evaluated using the three AI methods labeled as AI-I,II, III alongwith visual analysis labeled as VT for predicting probability of Covid-19, determining CT severity score (CTSS) and index (CTSI) , percentage opacification (PO) and high opacification (POHO). Sensitivity, specificity along with area under curves were estimated for each method and the CTSS and CTSI correlated using Friedman test. Results: Out of 107 patients 71 patients were Covid-19 positive and 20 negative by RT-PCR while 16 did not get RT-PCR done. AI-III method showed higher sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 88% respectively to predict probability of Covid 19. It had 2 false positive patients of interstitial lung disease. AI-II method had sensitivity and specificity of 66% and 83% respectively while visual (VT) analysis showed sensitivity and specificity of 59.7% and 62% respectively. Statistically significant differences were also seen in CTSI and PO estimation between AI-I and III methods (p<0.0001) with AI-III showing fastest time to calculate results. Conclusions: AI-III method gave better results to make an accurate and quick diagnosis of the Covid-19 with AUC of 0.85 to predict probability of Covid-19 alongwith quantification of Covid-19 lesions in the form of PO, POHO as compared to other AI methods and also by visual analysis.

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The Sensitivity and Specificity of Chicago Sky Blue (CSB) Dye in Comparisson with Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) Method for Superficial Dermatomycosis

Berkala Kedokteran ◽

10.20527/jbk.v16i2.9280 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 155

Author(s):

Amalia Nadiasari ◽

Diana Tri Ratnasari ◽

Masfufatun Masfufatun

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Potassium Hydroxide ◽

Pityriasis Versicolor ◽

Color Contrast ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Proper Diagnosis ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Higher Sensitivity

Abstract: Superficial dermatomycosis is a skin, nail and hair infection caused by fungal pathogen. Based on the pathogen, this infection can be divided into dermatophytosis, pityriasis versicolor and superficial candidiasis. The rapid and proper diagnosis is necessary to determine the initial theraphy and prevent the treatment delay. Superficial dermatomycosis diagnosis can be performed using anamnesis, physical examination or supporting investigation. The routine investigation method commonly use Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) because the KOH method is easy to be performed, rapid, simple and affordable. Chicago Sky Blue (CSB) is a dye to give a better color contrast to the fungi so the fungi would be easier to be detected. Objectives of this research is to observe the sensitivity and specifity difference of Chicago Sky Blue (CSB) dye and Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) methods for Superficial Dermatomycosis. The research was performed using cross sectional design analitical obsevation with 30 research subjects. The subjects consist of 15 superficial dermatomycosis patients and 15 non-superficial dermatomycosis patients. The samples were taken from the patients lesion swabs. The samples were checked using KOH and CSB, then observed by the medical analyst. The superficial dermatomycosis samples consist of mostly dermathophytosis (53.33%), then pityriasis versicolor (26.67%) and superficial candidiasis (20%). The sensitivity and specificity of KOH were 86.67% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of CSB were 93.33% and 100%, respectively. The CSB dye method has a higher sensitivity than KOH. The fungal elements are nicely dyed and more easily detected using CSB dye. Keywords: KOH, Chicago Sky Blue, sensitivity, specificity, superficial dermatomycosis

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On the True Number of COVID-19 Infections: Effect of Sensitivity, Specificity and Number of Tests on Prevalence Ratio Estimation

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17155328 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (15) ◽

pp. 5328

Author(s):

Eitan Altman ◽

Izza Mounir ◽

Fatim-Zahra Najid ◽

Samir M. Perlaza

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Estimation Error ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Test Results ◽

Estimation Errors ◽

Public Health Policies ◽

True Number ◽

Test Parameters ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Work First

In this paper, a formula for estimating the prevalence ratio of a disease in a population that is tested with imperfect tests is given. The formula is in terms of the fraction of positive test results and test parameters, i.e., probability of true positives (sensitivity) and the probability of true negatives (specificity). The motivation of this work arises in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in which estimating the number of infected individuals depends on the sensitivity and specificity of the tests. In this context, it is shown that approximating the prevalence ratio by the ratio between the number of positive tests and the total number of tested individuals leads to dramatically high estimation errors, and thus, unadapted public health policies. The relevance of estimating the prevalence ratio using the formula presented in this work is that precision increases with the number of tests. Two conclusions are drawn from this work. First, in order to ensure that a reliable estimation is achieved with a finite number of tests, testing campaigns must be implemented with tests for which the sum of the sensitivity and the specificity is sufficiently different than one. Second, the key parameter for reducing the estimation error is the number of tests. For a large number of tests, as long as the sum of the sensitivity and specificity is different than one, the exact values of these parameters have very little impact on the estimation error.

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Indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay Sebagai Metode untuk Melacak Bruselosis pada Sapi Perah (INDIRECT ENZYME IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (I-ELISA) AS METHOD FOR DETECT BRUCELLOSIS IN DAIRY COW)

jurnal veteriner ◽

10.19087/jveteriner.2019.20.1.30 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Rinaldi Ghurafa ◽

Denny Widaya Lukman ◽

Hadri Latif

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Test Results ◽

Kappa Value ◽

Alternative Test ◽

The Rose ◽

Higher Sensitivity ◽

Good Agreement

Brucellosis has become a zoonotic disease that received attention in efforts to prevent and eradicate strategic infectious animal diseases in Indonesia. Brucellosis can be detected early by the rose bengal test (RBT), followed by complement fixation test (CFT) and by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The aims of this research was to study the indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test (I-ELISA) as an alternative test for detecting brucellosis in dairy cattle. The method was used by conducting tests of RBT, CFT, I-ELISA and commercial I-ELISA to test brucellosis. The test results were calculated sensitivity and specificity, as well as analyzed by calculating the kappa value. The method was used by conducting tests of RBT, CFT, I-ELISA and commercial I-ELISA to test brucellosis. The test results were calculated for sensitivity and specificity, as well as analyzed by calculating the Kappa statistical value. The results of the sensitivity and specificity calculation showed that the indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) test developed a higher sensitivity (100%) compared to RBT test (93.75%) and commercial I-ELISA (93.75%). The developed I-ELISA specificity (74.68%) was still lower than RBT (89.87%), but higher than commercial I-ELISA (70.52%). The calculation of the statistical value of kappa RBT with CFT showed the kappa value 0.7120 which meaned it had a good agreement, commercial I-ELISA with CFT showed kappa value 0.6165 which meaned it had good suitability, whereas I-ELISA developed with CFT showed kappa value 0.4984 which meaned having a moderate agreement.In conclusion, the indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) which had been developed had low specificity, but the sensitivity was the highest compared to the commercial I-ELISA test and RBT, so this test was appropriate to be used as a screening test, especially in dairy cows movement into brucellosis-free areas or regions.

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Diagnostic test accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF for tuberculous pericarditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.22770.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 761

Author(s):

Andrianto Andrianto ◽

Ni Made Mertaniasih ◽

Parama Gandi ◽

Makhyan Jibril Al-Farabi ◽

Yusuf Azmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Test Accuracy ◽

Test Results ◽

Likelihood Ratios ◽

Bivariate Model ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Introduction: Xpert MTB/RIF is a rapid diagnostic instrument for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). However, studies reported varied accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF in detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pericardial effusion. Methods: We performed a systematic review of literature in PubMed, published up to February 1, 2020, according to PRISMA guidelines. We screened cross-sectional studies, observational cohort studies, and randomized control trials that evaluated the accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF in diagnosing TB pericarditis. Papers with noninterpretable results of sensitivity and specificity, non-English articles, and unpublished studies were excluded. The primary outcomes were the sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF. We conducted a quality assessment using QUADAS-2 to evaluate the quality of the studies. A bivariate model pooled the overall sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios (PLRs), and negative likelihood ratios (NLRs) of included studies. Results: In total, 581 subjects from nine studies were analyzed in this meta-analysis. Our pooled analysis showed that the overall sensitivity, specificity, PLRs and NLRs of included studies were 0.676 (95% CI: 0.580–0.759), 0.994 (95% CI: 0.919–1.000), 110.11 (95% CI: 7.65–1584.57) and 0.326 (95% CI: 0.246–0.433), respectively. Conclusions: Xpert MTB/RIF had a robust specificity but unsatisfactory sensitivity in diagnosing TB pericarditis. These findings indicated that although positive Xpert MTB/RIF test results might be valuable in swiftly distinguishing the diagnosis of TB pericarditis, negative test results might not be able to rule out TB pericarditis. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020167480 28/04/2020

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Predictive Value of Preoperative MRI Using the #ENZIAN Classification Score in Patients with Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1001165/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aysun FENDAL TUNCA ◽

Derya Ece Iliman ◽

Aysegul Akdogan Gemici ◽

Cihan Kaya

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Classification Score ◽

Uterosacral Ligaments ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Infiltrating Endometriosis ◽

Higher Sensitivity

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intraoperative findings of deep infiltrating endometriosis using the #ENZIAN score. Methods This retrospective study included 64 patients who underwent surgery for deep infiltrating endometriosis between January 2017 and August 2020. Preoperative abdominopelvic MRI assessment was evaluated and scored using the #ENZIAN classification. Operative scores were considered the gold standard, and the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of MRI for each category were calculated. Results MRI has higher sensitivity and specificity in showing the lesions of the compartments O (ovarian lesions), A (rectovaginal septum and posterior vaginal fornix), and B (uterosacral ligaments and parametrium) (100–100%, 100–100%, and 97–100%, respectively, p<0.001) compared to the other compartments. The lowest sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and PPV of the MRI was found in compartment P (14%, 76%, 70%, and 7%, respectively). Conclusion We demonstrated that the #ENZIAN classification in MRI reports has significant sensitivity and specificity in compartments A, B (uterosacral ligaments and parametrium), and O. Furthermore, the determination of peritoneal lesions via MRI is inadequate.

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Evaluation of Wondfo Chlamydia Trachomatis Rapid Diagnostic Cassette Based on Nano-Gold Immunochromatography Gssay（GICA）

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.2436 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 236-238 ◽

pp. 2436-2440

Author(s):

Yun Ping Peng ◽

Ji Hua Wang ◽

Wen Mei Li ◽

Jun Lin Wu ◽

Shu Juan Yu

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Negative Predictive Value ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Surveillance Data ◽

Blind Detection ◽

Test Results ◽

Nano Gold ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

This paper explains and demonstrates how to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of wondfo chlamydia trachomatis rapid diagnostic cassette with GICA for detection of chlamydia trachomatis. 1026 genital specimens were collected from 630 females and 396 males.Two cassettes of wondfo and ClearView were used for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis samples with blind detection simultaneously, inconsistent results by DFA. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of wondfo cassette were analyzed. Out of 1026 samples detected, 83 were positive by both of wondfo and ClearView and 13 showed different results by wondfo and ClearView. Out of the 13 samples, the DFA confirmed 9 were positive. Therefore, 92 samples were truly positive and 934 were truly negative. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of wondfo were 96.74% ,99.6% , 95.7% , 99.68%, respectively. The consistent rates of test results of the chlamydia trachomatis rapid diagnostic cassette , wondfo and ClearView, both were the same 98.64%. Of the three standard strains and two clinical strains of dilution test results showed that the sensitivity of wondfo slightly ClearView.The sensitivity and specificity of wondfo for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis have the accept tability for clinical diagnostic and surveillance data.

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Development and Clinical Evaluation of an Immunochromatography-Based Rapid Antigen Test (GenBody™ COVAG025) for COVID-19 Diagnosis

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13050796 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 796

Author(s):

Doyeong Kim ◽

Jihoo Lee ◽

Jyotiranjan Bal ◽

Seul Ki Seo ◽

Chom-Kyu Chong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Clinical Sensitivity ◽

Viral Transport ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Viral Transport Medium ◽

Antigen Tests ◽

Higher Sensitivity

Antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis are simpler and faster than their molecular counterparts. Clinical validation of such tests is a prerequisite before their field applications. We developed and clinically evaluated an immunochromatographic immunoassay, GenBody™ COVAG025, for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (NP) antigen in two different clinical studies. Retrospectively, 130 residual nasopharyngeal swabs transferred in viral transport medium (VTM), pre-examined for COVID-19 through emergency use authorization (EUA)-approved real-time RT-PCR assay and tested with GenBody™ COVAG025, revealed a sensitivity and specificity of 90.00% (27/30; 95% CI: 73.47% to 97.89%) and 98.00% (98/100; 95% CI: 92.96% to 99.76%), respectively, fulfilling WHO guidelines. Subsequently, the prospective examination of 200 symptomatic and asymptomatic nasopharyngeal swabs, collected on site and tested with GenBody™ COVAG025 and EUA-approved real-time RT-PCR assay simultaneously, revealed a significantly higher sensitivity and specificity of 94.00% (94/100; 95% CI: 87.40% to 97.77%) and 100.00% (100/100; 95% CI: 96.38% to 100.00%), respectively. Clinical sensitivity and specificity were significantly high for samples with Ct values ≤ 30 as well as within 3 days of symptom onset, justifying its dependency on the viral load. Thus, it is assumed this can help with the accurate diagnosis and timely isolation and treatment of patients with COVID-19, contributing to better control of the global pandemic.

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A Comparative Study Between Nasopharyngeal/Oropharyngeal, Faecal and Saliva Viral Shedding In Ghanaian COVID-19 Patients attending KATH from October-December, 2020

10.1101/2021.09.04.21262932 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ernest Badu-Boateng ◽

Lydia Sarponmaa Asante ◽

Albert Dompreh ◽

Laud Anthony Basing Wihibeturo ◽

Kwabena Adjei Asante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Health Workers ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Saliva Sample ◽

Diagnostic Testing ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Viral Shedding ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

ABSTRACT Background: Diagnostic testing for the current SARS CoV 2 infections involves the collection and testing of invasive pharyngeal specimens by qualified Health workers. Though fully clad in personal protective equipment, the concern is that sampling in close proximity to the patient poses as a major health hazard. The present study sought to verify if saliva or faeces could become a possible surrogate for pharyngeal samples for SARS CoV 2 testing in suspected Ghanaian COVID-19 patients. Objectives: To ascertain if there is SARS CoV 2 viral shedding in the saliva and faecal samples of Ghanaian COVID 19 patients, their sensitivity and specificity as compared to pharyngeal samples. Method: Fifty (50) recruited COVID 19 patients who have been confirmed via RT PCR using their nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal samples and twenty (20) SARS CoV 2 negative suspected patients each provided some faecal and saliva sample for RT PCR analysis for SARS CoV 2. Results: Forty three (43) out of the fifty (50) COVID 19 patients recruited representing 86% tested positive for SARS CoV 2 via their saliva sample whiles all their faecal samples tested positive for SARS CoV 2 representing 100%. The sensitivity of saliva samples was 86% whiles the specificity was 100% but the sensitivity and specificity of the faecal samples were all 100%. Conclusion: There is indeed viral shedding of SARS CoV 2 in the saliva and faeces of Ghanaian COVID 19 patients just like their counterparts in other parts of the world. Saliva and faeces could possibly become an alternative sample to the current in place of the invasive pharyngeal samples for SARS CoV 2 testing in resource limited settings. Further research to explore this possibility at different testing sites with larger sample size is recommended. Keywords: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS CoV2), Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT PCR), saliva, faeces, nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, sensitivity, specificity

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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection by rapid antigen test in comparison with RT-PCR in a public setting

10.1101/2021.01.22.21250042 ◽

2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kathrine Kronberg Jakobsen ◽

Jakob Schmidt Jensen ◽

Tobias Todsen ◽

Freddy Lippert ◽

Cyril Jean-Marie Martel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

False Negative ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽

Test Results ◽

Antigen Test ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Public Setting ◽

Antigen Tests ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

AbstractBackgroundRapid and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection is essential in limiting the spread of infection during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of the STANDARD Q COVID-19 Ag test (SD BIOSENSOR) by comparison with RT-PCR in a public setting.MethodIndividuals aged 18 years or older who had booked an appointment for a RT-PCR test on December 26-31, 2020 at a public test center in Copenhagen, Denmark, were invited to participate. An oropharyngeal swab was collected for RT-PCR analysis, immediately followed by a nasopharyngeal swab examined by the STANDARD Q COVID-19 Ag test (SD BIOSENSOR). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the antigen test were calculated with test results from RT-PCR as reference.ResultsOverall, 4697 individuals were included (female n=2456, 53.3%; mean age: 44.7 years, SD: 16.9 years); 196 individuals were tested twice or more. Among 4811 paired conclusive test results from the RT-PCR and antigen tests, 221 (4.6%) RT-PCR tests were positive. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the antigen test were 69.7% and 99.5%, the positive and negative predictive values were 87.0% and 98.5%. Ct values were significantly higher among individuals with false negative antigen tests compared to true positives.ConclusionThe sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values found indicate that the STANDARD Q COVID-19 Ag is a good supplement to RT-PCR testing.

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Development of a Deep Learning System To Reduce The Time Needed for COVID-19 RT-PCR: Can We Use Deep Learning To Get RT-PCR Test Results of COVID-19 Faster?

10.21203/rs.3.rs-900395/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

YOONJE LEE ◽

Yu-Seop KIM ◽

Da-in Lee ◽

Seri Jeong ◽

Gu-Hyun Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Diagnostic Performance ◽

Operating Characteristic ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Learning System ◽

Test Results ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Pcr Diagnosis ◽

Long Short Term Memory

Abstract Reducing the time to diagnose COVID-19 helps to manage insufficient isolation-bed resources and adequately accommodate critically ill patients in clinical fields. There is currently no alternative method to RT-PCR, which requires 40 cycles to diagnose COVID-19. We proposed a deep learning (DL) model to improve the speed of COVID-19 RT-PCR diagnosis. We developed and tested a DL model using the long-short term memory method with a dataset of fluorescence values measured in each cycle of 5,810 RT-PCR tests. Among the DL models developed here, the diagnostic performance of the 21st model showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC), sensitivity, and specificity of 84.55%, 93.33%, and 75.72%, respectively. The diagnostic performance of the 24th model showed an AUROC sensitivity, and specificity of 91.27%, 90.00%, and 92.54%, respectively.

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