scholarly journals Temporal evolution of single-cell transcriptomes of Drosophila olfactory projection neurons

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qijing Xie ◽  
Maria Brbic ◽  
Felix Horns ◽  
Sai Saroja Kolluru ◽  
Bob Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Neurite Growth ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Neuronal Types ◽  
Early Developmental

AbstractNeurons undergo substantial morphological and functional changes during development to form precise synaptic connections and acquire specific physiological features. What are the underlying transcriptomic bases? Here, we obtained the single-cell transcriptomes of Drosophila olfactory projection neurons (PNs) at four developmental stages. We decoded the identity of 21 transcriptomic clusters corresponding to 20 PN types and developed methods to match transcriptomic clusters representing the same PN type across development. We discovered that PN transcriptomes reflect unique biological processes unfolding at each stage—neurite growth and pruning during metamorphosis at an early pupal stage; peaked transcriptomic diversity during olfactory circuit assembly at mid-pupal stages; and neuronal signaling in adults. At early developmental stages, PN types with adjacent birth order share similar transcriptomes. Together, our work reveals principles of cellular diversity during brain development and provides a resource for future studies of neural development in PNs and other neuronal types.

scholarly journals Temporal evolution of single-cell transcriptomes of Drosophila olfactory projection neurons

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qijing Xie ◽  
Maria Brbic ◽  
Felix Horns ◽  
Sai Saroja Kolluru ◽  
Robert C Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Neurite Growth ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Neuronal Types ◽  
Early Developmental

Neurons undergo substantial morphological and functional changes during development to form precise synaptic connections and acquire specific physiological properties. What are the underlying transcriptomic bases? Here, we obtained the single-cell transcriptomes of Drosophila olfactory projection neurons (PNs) at four developmental stages. We decoded the identity of 21 transcriptomic clusters corresponding to 20 PN types and developed methods to match transcriptomic clusters representing the same PN type across development. We discovered that PN transcriptomes reflect unique biological processes unfolding at each stage—neurite growth and pruning during metamorphosis at an early pupal stage; peaked transcriptomic diversity during olfactory circuit assembly at mid-pupal stages; and neuronal signaling in adults. At early developmental stages, PN types with adjacent birth order share similar transcriptomes. Together, our work reveals principles of cellular diversity during brain development and provides a resource for future studies of neural development in PNs and other neuronal types.

THE MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF BISPEROXOVANADIUM (BPV(PHEN)) ON NEONATAL DRG NEURONS IN CULTURE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Todorovic ◽  
◽  
Gordana Stojadinovic ◽  
Kamal AlJamal ◽  
Miroslav Zivic
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Neurite Growth ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Peripheral Neurons ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Early Developmental ◽  
Small Dispersion

Unlike the neurons in the CNS, the peripheral neurons have certain intrinsic regenerative capacity. After injury, peripheral neurons can switch to a cellular “state for growth”, with the expression profiles similar to early developmental stages. We looked at the changes of morphometric parameters induced in young peripheral neurons with treatments that in adult neurons have growth-stimulatory effect. The experimental treatments compared to control were: BpV (phen), an inhibitor of PTEN; and bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor. The neurite growth was measured on cultured dissociated dorsal root ganglia neonatal neurons fixed 24h after treatment and immunostained with anti-neurofilament H (NF-H) phosphorylated antibody. FIJI Simple Neurite Tracer was used for morphometry of individual neurons. 24h post treatment, compared to control, total neurite length, length of primary and length of terminal branches, were increased by bFGF but not by BpV treatment. In all measured parameters related to the degree of branching, BpV- treated neurons had small dispersion of values and small mean values, reminiscent of literature data stating that BpV treated neurons are elongated and less branched. However, the BpV did not have a positive influence on neurite elongation, as was reported on adult neurons. In contrast, bFGF stimulated elongation of young neurons in the manner similar to the effects described on the adult neurons.

scholarly journals Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) enhances sympathetic neurite growth in rat hearts at early developmental stages

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Miwa ◽  
Jong-Kook Lee ◽  
Yoshiko Takagishi ◽  
Tobias Opthof ◽  
Xianming Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Glial Cell ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Neurite Growth ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Early Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Developmental

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes During the Prepupal-pupal Transition in the Oriental Armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peirong Li ◽  
Xinru Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xiaoling Tan ◽  
Xiaoqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Transcriptome Assembly ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Mythimna Separata ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Background Metamorphosis ensures the transformation of a larva of the holometabolous insects into a reproductive adult through a transitory pupal stage. Understanding how changes in expression levels of genes during the prepupal-pupal transition will inform us of how the metamorphosis arises. Results In this study, mature larvae (ML), wandering (W), 1 day (P1), 5 days (P5), and 10 days (P10) after pupation of the Mythimna separata (Walker), a notorious migratory pest of agricultural crops, were selected, forming five groups. RNA-Seq revealed that the draft transcriptome assembly contained 140562 contigs, and more than half (74,059) were similar to sequence at NCBI (e value < e− 3), including 22884, 23534, 26643, and 33238 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ML vs W, W vs P1, P1 vs P5, and P5-vs-P10, respectively. Comparative transcriptomics revealed the enrichment of biological processes related to the membrane and integral component of membrane, which includes the cuticular protein (CP), 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), and juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis, enabled us to delineate and partially validate the metabolic pathway in M. separata. Of these DEGs, 33 CP, 18 20E, and 7 JH genes were differentially expressed across the developmental stages. Correlation analysis uncovered that the relative expression levels of 10 selected CP, 20E, and JH-related genes obtained by real-time PCR quantitative (RT-qPCR) matched well with their FPKM values derived from RNA-seq. Conclusions The data gave here represent an important first step to uncover the molecular mechanism of metamorphosis in M. separata, which also provide valuable information for manipulation of insect development and metamorphosis using the obtained DEGs as targets and broaden the applications of available tools for insect pest control.

Correlated Studies of Cellular Interactions Using TEM, Freeze Etching, and SEM

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
J. P. Revel
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Early Developmental

Movement of individual cells or of cell sheets and complex patterns of folding play a prominent role in the early developmental stages of the embryo. Our understanding of these processes is based on three- dimensional reconstructions laboriously prepared from serial sections, and from autoradiographic and other studies. Many concepts have also evolved from extrapolation of investigations of cell movement carried out in vitro. The scanning electron microscope now allows us to examine some of these events in situ. It is possible to prepare dissections of embryos and even of tissues of adult animals which reveal existing relationships between various structures more readily than used to be possible vithout an SEM.

Review of early developmental stages of trilobites and agnostids from the Barrandian area (Czech Republic)

2017 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Lukáš Laibl ◽  
Oldřich Fatka
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Early Developmental Stages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Barrandian Area ◽  
Early Developmental

This contribution briefly summarizes the history of research, modes of preservation and stratigraphic distribution of 51 trilobite and five agnostid taxa from the Barrandian area, for which the early developmental stages have been described.

scholarly journals Single cell transcriptome atlas of mouse mammary epithelial cells across development

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhupinder Pal ◽  
Yunshun Chen ◽  
Michael J. G. Milevskiy ◽  
François Vaillant ◽  
Lexie Prokopuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Cell Transcriptome ◽  
Single Cell Transcriptome

Abstract Background Heterogeneity within the mouse mammary epithelium and potential lineage relationships have been recently explored by single-cell RNA profiling. To further understand how cellular diversity changes during mammary ontogeny, we profiled single cells from nine different developmental stages spanning late embryogenesis, early postnatal, prepuberty, adult, mid-pregnancy, late-pregnancy, and post-involution, as well as the transcriptomes of micro-dissected terminal end buds (TEBs) and subtending ducts during puberty. Methods The single cell transcriptomes of 132,599 mammary epithelial cells from 9 different developmental stages were determined on the 10x Genomics Chromium platform, and integrative analyses were performed to compare specific time points. Results The mammary rudiment at E18.5 closely aligned with the basal lineage, while prepubertal epithelial cells exhibited lineage segregation but to a less differentiated state than their adult counterparts. Comparison of micro-dissected TEBs versus ducts showed that luminal cells within TEBs harbored intermediate expression profiles. Ductal basal cells exhibited increased chromatin accessibility of luminal genes compared to their TEB counterparts suggesting that lineage-specific chromatin is established within the subtending ducts during puberty. An integrative analysis of five stages spanning the pregnancy cycle revealed distinct stage-specific profiles and the presence of cycling basal, mixed-lineage, and 'late' alveolar intermediates in pregnancy. Moreover, a number of intermediates were uncovered along the basal-luminal progenitor cell axis, suggesting a continuum of alveolar-restricted progenitor states. Conclusions This extended single cell transcriptome atlas of mouse mammary epithelial cells provides the most complete coverage for mammary epithelial cells during morphogenesis to date. Together with chromatin accessibility analysis of TEB structures, it represents a valuable framework for understanding developmental decisions within the mouse mammary gland.

scholarly journals The Effect of an Anthropogenic Magnetic Field on the Early Developmental Stages of Fishes—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1210
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Formicki ◽  
Agata Korzelecka-Orkisz ◽  
Adam Tański
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Egg Activation ◽  
Industrial Equipment ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Early Developmental Stages ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Early Developmental

The number of sources of anthropogenic magnetic and electromagnetic fields generated by various underwater facilities, industrial equipment, and transferring devices in aquatic environment is increasing. These have an effect on an array of fish life processes, but especially the early developmental stages. The magnitude of these effects depends on field strength and time of exposure and is species-specific. We review studies on the effect of magnetic fields on the course of embryogenesis, with special reference to survival, the size of the embryos, embryonic motor function, changes in pigment cells, respiration hatching, and directional reactions. We also describe the effect of magnetic fields on sperm motility and egg activation. Magnetic fields can exert positive effects, as in the case of the considerable extension of sperm capability of activation, or have a negative influence in the form of a disturbance in heart rate or developmental instability in inner ear organs.

scholarly journals Wnt/β-catenin Pathway-Mediated PPARδ Expression during Embryonic Development Differentiation and Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1854
Author(s):  
Tabinda Sidrat ◽  
Zia-Ur Rehman ◽  
Myeong-Don Joo ◽  
Kyeong-Lim Lee ◽  
Il-Keun Kong
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Stem Cell Regulation ◽  
Early Developmental

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in early embryonic development. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a major regulator of cell proliferation and keeps embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the pluripotent state. Dysregulation of Wnt signaling in the early developmental stages causes several hereditary diseases that lead to embryonic abnormalities. Several other signaling molecules are directly or indirectly activated in response to Wnt/β-catenin stimulation. The crosstalk of these signaling factors either synergizes or opposes the transcriptional activation of β-catenin/Tcf4-mediated target gene expression. Recently, the crosstalk between the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ), which belongs to the steroid superfamily, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been reported to take place during several aspects of embryonic development. However, numerous questions need to be answered regarding the function and regulation of PPARδ in coordination with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Here, we have summarized the functional activation of the PPARδ in co-ordination with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway during the regulation of several aspects of embryonic development, stem cell regulation and maintenance, as well as during the progression of several metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Zika Virus Infection Leads to Demyelination and Axonal Injury in Mature CNS Cultures

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Verena Schultz ◽  
Stephanie L. Cumberworth ◽  
Quan Gu ◽  
Natasha Johnson ◽  
Claire L. Donald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Axonal Pathology ◽  
Time Frames

Understanding how Zika virus (Flaviviridae; ZIKV) affects neural cells is paramount in comprehending pathologies associated with infection. Whilst the effects of ZIKV in neural development are well documented, impact on the adult nervous system remains obscure. Here, we investigated the effects of ZIKV infection in established mature myelinated central nervous system (CNS) cultures. Infection incurred damage to myelinated fibers, with ZIKV-positive cells appearing when myelin damage was first detected as well as axonal pathology, suggesting the latter was a consequence of oligodendroglia infection. Transcriptome analysis revealed host factors that were upregulated during ZIKV infection. One such factor, CCL5, was validated in vitro as inhibiting myelination. Transferred UV-inactivated media from infected cultures did not damage myelin and axons, suggesting that viral replication is necessary to induce the observed effects. These data show that ZIKV infection affects CNS cells even after myelination—which is critical for saltatory conduction and neuronal function—has taken place. Understanding the targets of this virus across developmental stages including the mature CNS, and the subsequent effects of infection of cell types, is necessary to understand effective time frames for therapeutic intervention.

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