scholarly journals Seasonal human coronavirus antibodies are boosted upon SARS-CoV-2 infection but not associated with protection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Anderson ◽  
Eileen C. Goodwin ◽  
Anurag Verma ◽  
Claudia P. Arevalo ◽  
Marcus J. Bolton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Nucleocapsid Proteins ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Separate Cohort

SUMMARYSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread within the human population. Although SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus, most humans had been previously exposed to other antigenically distinct common seasonal human coronaviruses (hCoVs) before the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we quantified levels of SARS-CoV-2-reactive antibodies and hCoV-reactive antibodies in serum samples collected from 204 humans before the COVID-19 pandemic. We then quantified pre-pandemic antibody levels in serum from a separate cohort of 252 individuals who became PCR-confirmed infected with SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we longitudinally measured hCoV and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the serum of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Our studies indicate that most individuals possessed hCoV-reactive antibodies before the COVID-19 pandemic. We determined that ∼23% of these individuals possessed non-neutralizing antibodies that cross-reacted with SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins. These antibodies were not associated with protection against SARS-CoV-2 infections or hospitalizations, but paradoxically these hCoV cross-reactive antibodies were boosted upon SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals A comparative study on virology, epidemiology, and clinical features of SARS and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Yanmei Zhao ◽  
Qianying Lu ◽  
Xiangyan Meng ◽  
Siyu Huang ◽  
Jianfeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
New Type ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Monitor And Control

Abstract In December 2019, an outbreak of an unknown cause of pneumonia [later named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)] occurred in Wuhan, China. This was found to be attributed to a novel coronavirus of zoonotic origin, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; previously named 2019 novel coronavirus or 2019-nCoV). The SARS-CoV-2, a new type of highly pathogenic human coronavirus related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), spread rapidly worldwide and caused 53,164,803 confirmed infections, including 1,300,576 deaths, by November 13, 2020 (globally, 206,196,367 cases and 4,345,424 deaths as of August 13, 2021). SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV vary in their specific characteristics, regarding epidemics and pathogenesis. This article focuses on the comparison of the virology, epidemiology, and clinical features of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 to reveal their common and distinct properties, to provide an up-to-date resource for the development of advanced systems and strategies to monitor and control future epidemics of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses.

scholarly journals A longitudinal study of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients reveals a high correlation between neutralizing antibodies and COVID-19 severity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Legros ◽  
Solène Denolly ◽  
Manon Vogrig ◽  
Bertrand Boson ◽  
Eglantine Siret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Immune Correlates ◽  
Human Coronaviruses

AbstractUnderstanding the immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical in terms of protection against reinfection and, thus, for public health policy and vaccine development for COVID-19. In this study, using either live SARS-CoV-2 particles or retroviruses pseudotyped with the SARS-CoV-2 S viral surface protein (Spike), we studied the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response in serum samples from a cohort of 140 SARS-CoV-2 qPCR-confirmed infections, including patients with mild symptoms and also more severe forms, including those that required intensive care. We show that nAb titers correlated strongly with disease severity and with anti-spike IgG levels. Indeed, patients from intensive care units exhibited high nAb titers; conversely, patients with milder disease symptoms had heterogeneous nAb titers, and asymptomatic or exclusive outpatient-care patients had no or low nAbs. We found that nAb activity in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients displayed a relatively rapid decline after recovery compared to individuals infected with other coronaviruses. Moreover, we found an absence of cross-neutralization between endemic coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2, indicating that previous infection by human coronaviruses may not generate protective nAbs against SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we found that the D614G mutation in the spike protein, which has recently been identified as the current major variant in Europe, does not allow neutralization escape. Altogether, our results contribute to our understanding of the immune correlates of SARS-CoV-2-induced disease, and rapid evaluation of the role of the humoral response in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 is warranted.

scholarly journals Neutralizing activity of Sputnik V vaccine sera against SARS-CoV-2 variants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Ikegame ◽  
Mohammed Siddiquey ◽  
Chuan-Tien Hung ◽  
Griffin Haas ◽  
Luca Brambilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Egfp Reporter ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Reduced Activity

Abstract The novel pandemic betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected at least 120 million people since its identification as the cause of a December 2019 viral pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China1,2. Despite the unprecedented pace of vaccine development, with six vaccines already in use worldwide, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 ‘variants of concern’ (VOC) across diverse geographic locales have prompted re-evaluation of strategies to achieve universal vaccination3. All three officially designated VOC carry Spike (S) polymorphisms thought to enable escape from neutralizing antibodies elicited during initial waves of the pandemic4–8. Here, we characterize the biological consequences of the ensemble of S mutations present in VOC lineages B.1.1.7 (501Y.V1) and B.1.351 (501Y.V2). Using a replication-competent EGFP-reporter vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) system, rcVSV-CoV2-S, which encodes S from SARS coronavirus 2 in place of VSV-G, and coupled with a clonal HEK-293T ACE2 TMPRSS2 cell line optimized for highly efficient S-mediated infection, we determined that only 1 out of 12 serum samples from a cohort of recipients of the Gamaleya Sputnik V Ad26 / Ad5 vaccine showed effective neutralization (IC90) of rcVSV-CoV2-S: B.1.351 at full serum strength. The same set of sera efficiently neutralized S from B.1.1.7 and showed only moderately reduced activity against S carrying the E484K substitution alone. Taken together, our data suggest that control of some emergent SARS-CoV-2 variants may benefit from updated vaccines.

scholarly journals Cross-reactive neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by serum antibodies from recovered SARS patients and immunized animals

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (45) ◽  
pp. eabc9999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanmei Zhu ◽  
Danwei Yu ◽  
Yang Han ◽  
Hongxia Yan ◽  
Huihui Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
S Protein ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus genetically close to SARS-CoV. To investigate the effects of previous SARS-CoV infection on the ability to recognize and neutralize SARS-CoV-2, we analyzed 20 convalescent serum samples collected from individuals infected with SARS-CoV during the 2003 SARS outbreak. All patient sera reacted strongly with the S1 subunit and receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV; cross-reacted with the S ectodomain, S1, RBD, and S2 proteins of SARS-CoV-2; and neutralized both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S protein–driven infections. Analysis of antisera from mice and rabbits immunized with a full-length S and RBD immunogens of SARS-CoV verified cross-reactive neutralization against SARS-CoV-2. A SARS-CoV–derived RBD from palm civets elicited more potent cross-neutralizing responses in immunized animals than the RBD from a human SARS-CoV strain, informing strategies for development of universal vaccines against emerging coronaviruses.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Inapparent Nosocomial Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in Vietnam by Use of Highly Specific Recombinant Truncated Nucleocapsid Protein-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 848-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuxun Yu ◽  
Mai Quynh Le ◽  
Shingo Inoue ◽  
Hong Thi Cam Thai ◽  
Futoshi Hasebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Nucleocapsid Proteins ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

ABSTRACT Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a recently emerged human disease associated with pneumonia. Inapparent infection with SARS coronavirus (CoV) is not well characterized. To develop a safe, simple, and reliable screening method for SARS diagnosis and epidemiological study, two recombinant SARS-CoV nucleocapsid proteins (N′ protein and NΔ121 protein) were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified by affinity chromatography, and used as antigens for indirect, immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Serum samples collected from healthy volunteers and SARS patients in Vietnam were used to evaluate the newly developed methods. The N′ protein-based ELISA showed a highly nonspecific reaction. The NΔ121 protein-based ELISA, with a nonspecific reaction drastically reduced compared to that of the nearly-whole-length N′ protein-based ELISA, resulted in higher rates of positive reactions, higher titers, and earlier detection than the SARS-CoV-infected cell lysate-based ELISA. These results indicate that our newly developed SARS-CoV NΔ121 protein-based ELISA is not only safe but also a more specific and more sensitive method to diagnose SARS-CoV infection and hence a useful tool for large-scale epidemiological studies. To identify inapparent SARS-CoV infections, serum samples collected from health care workers (HCWs) in Vietnam were screened by the NΔ121 protein-based ELISA, and positive samples were confirmed by a virus neutralization test. Four out of 149 HCWs were identified to have inapparent SARS-CoV infection in Vietnam, indicating that subclinical SARS-CoV infection in Vietnam is rare but does exist.

scholarly journals Rapid in vitro assays for screening neutralizing antibodies and antivirals against SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Gyu Park ◽  
Fatai S. Oladduni ◽  
Kevin Chiem ◽  
Chengjin Ye ◽  
Michael Pipenbrink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Identification And Characterization

AbstractTowards the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus (CoV) named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), genetically similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-1), emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province of China, and has been responsible of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans. Since its first report, SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in a global pandemic, with over 10 million human infections and over 560,000 deaths reported worldwide at the end of June 2020. Currently, there are no United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved vaccines and/or antivirals licensed against SARS-CoV-2, and the high economical and health impact of SARS-CoV-2 has placed global pressure on the scientific community to identify effective prophylactic and therapeutic treatments for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated COVID-19 disease. While some compounds have been already reported to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection and a handful of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been described that neutralize SARS-CoV-2, there is an urgent need for the development and standardization of assays which can be used in high through-put screening (HTS) settings to identify new antivirals and/or neutralizing mAbs against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we described a rapid, accurate and highly reproducible plaque reduction microneutralization (PRMNT) assay that can be quickly adapted for the identification and characterization of both neutralizing mAbs and antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, our MNA is compatible with HTS settings to interrogate large and/or complex libraries of mAbs and/or antivirals to identify those with neutralizing and/or antiviral activity, respectively, against SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Multifactorial seroprofiling dissects the contribution of pre-existing human coronaviruses responses to SARS-CoV-2 immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene A. Abela ◽  
Chloé Pasin ◽  
Magdalena Schwarzmüller ◽  
Selina Epp ◽  
Michèle E. Sickmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Neutralization Activity ◽  
Accurate Definition ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Antibody Levels

AbstractDetermination of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in the context of pre-existing immunity to circulating human coronavirus (HCoV) is critical for understanding protective immunity. Here we perform a multifactorial analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV antibody responses in pre-pandemic (N = 825) and SARS-CoV-2-infected donors (N = 389) using a custom-designed multiplex ABCORA assay. ABCORA seroprofiling, when combined with computational modeling, enables accurate definition of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion and prediction of neutralization activity, and reveals intriguing interrelations with HCoV immunity. Specifically, higher HCoV antibody levels in SARS-CoV-2-negative donors suggest that pre-existing HCoV immunity may provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 acquisition. In those infected, higher HCoV activity is associated with elevated SARS-CoV-2 responses, indicating cross-stimulation. Most importantly, HCoV immunity may impact disease severity, as patients with high HCoV reactivity are less likely to require hospitalization. Collectively, our results suggest that HCoV immunity may promote rapid development of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity, thereby underscoring the importance of exploring cross-protective responses for comprehensive coronavirus prevention.

Is The SARS-CoV2 evolved in Human Being: A prospective Genetic Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Salvatore Dimonte ◽  
Paywast Jamal Jalal ◽  
Taib Ahmed Hama Soor ◽  
Safa Bakr Karim ◽  
Hiwa Abdulrahman Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Recent Effort ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
New Type ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

COVID-19 is the deadly respiratory disease of the century caused by new type unknown origin Coronavirus. The recent effort of the word researchers is toward finding the origin of the virus. The current study investigated the extent of molecular similarity and divergence between SARS-CoV2 and other related Coronavirus. An attempt has been made to investigate the epidemiological study of this new contagious virus using molecular biology techniques. The phylogenetic trees for all human coronaviruses with the novel Coronavirus have been built using a several complete amino acid sequences of the four known structural proteins, S (spike), E (envelope), M (membrane), and N (nucleocapsid). The result of the study revealed that the SARS-CoV2 is related to human SARS-CoV isolated from different countries very cloely, especially those strains recovered from China in recent times, 2020. The evolutionary changes observed in the inserted 23 amino acids in the RNA binding domain (RBD) of the coronvirus spike glycoprotein which cannot be detected in any other human coronavirus. Moreover, the 2019-nCoV is not closely related to other alpha, beta and gamma human Coronavirus, including MERS-CoV. The current study concluded that 2019-nCoV is more likely believed to originated from SARS-CoV. The probability is more vital to be originated from the strain isolated in China in 2020, which is coincident with the spraed of COVID-19 in the same country. The phyloepidemiologic analyses suggested that the coronaviruses are circulating in human hosts evolving gradually by times in response to the different environment stimuli facing the virus inside the host in different geographical areas. Furthermore, the analysis showed the flow of transmission, and evolutionary changes of SARS-CoV2 which may be directed from the transmission of SARS-CoV from human to Bat and Pangolin then jumped to human again in the crowded market Wuhan city in China.

scholarly journals Differential Downregulation of ACE2 by the Spike Proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Human Coronavirus NL63

2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 1198-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Glowacka ◽  
Stephanie Bertram ◽  
Petra Herzog ◽  
Susanne Pfefferle ◽  
Imke Steffen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Cell Entry ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Similar Activity ◽  
Human Coronaviruses

ABSTRACT The human coronaviruses (CoVs) severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV and NL63 employ angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for cell entry. It was shown that recombinant SARS-CoV spike protein (SARS-S) downregulates ACE2 expression and thereby promotes lung injury. Whether NL63-S exerts a similar activity is yet unknown. We found that recombinant SARS-S bound to ACE2 and induced ACE2 shedding with higher efficiency than NL63-S. Shedding most likely accounted for the previously observed ACE2 downregulation but was dispensable for viral replication. Finally, SARS-CoV but not NL63 replicated efficiently in ACE2-positive Vero cells and reduced ACE2 expression, indicating robust receptor interference in the context of SARS-CoV but not NL63 infection.

scholarly journals Mosaic Evolution of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Stavrinides ◽  
David S. Guttman
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Sars Coronavirus ◽  
Receptor Binding Site ◽  
Nucleocapsid Proteins ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a deadly form of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, a viral family responsible for mild respiratory tract infections in a wide variety of animals including humans, pigs, cows, mice, cats, and birds. Analyses to date have been unable to identify the precise origin of the SARS coronavirus. We used Bayesian, neighbor-joining, and split decomposition phylogenetic techniques on the SARS virus replicase, surface spike, matrix, and nucleocapsid proteins to reveal the evolutionary origin of this recently emerging infectious agent. The analyses support a mammalian-like origin for the replicase protein, an avian-like origin for the matrix and nucleocapsid proteins, and a mammalian-avian mosaic origin for the host-determining spike protein. A bootscan recombination analysis of the spike gene revealed high nucleotide identity between the SARS virus and a feline infectious peritonitis virus throughout the gene, except for a 200- base-pair region of high identity to an avian sequence. These data support the phylogenetic analyses and suggest a possible past recombination event between mammalian-like and avian-like parent viruses. This event occurred near a region that has been implicated to be the human receptor binding site and may have been directly responsible for the switch of host of the SARS coronavirus from animals to humans.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document