scholarly journals Cytoplasmic physical state governs the influence of oxygen on Pinus densiflora seed ageing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Gerna ◽  
Daniel Ballesteros ◽  
Wolfgang Markus Stoeggl ◽  
Erwann Arc ◽  
Charlotte Seal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical State ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Glassy State ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Germplasm Management ◽  
Lipid Domain ◽  
Seed Deterioration ◽  
Seed Ageing ◽  
Orthodox Seeds

During desiccation, the cytoplasm of orthodox seeds solidifies in a glass with highly restricted diffusion and molecular mobility, which extend longevity. Temperature and moisture determine seed cellular physical state, and O2 can promote deteriorative reactions of seed ageing. However, whether seed physical state affects O2-mediated biochemical reactions during ageing remains unknown. Here, we answered this question using oil-rich Pinus densiflora seeds aged by controlled deterioration (CD) at 45 °C and distinct relative humidities (RHs), resulting in a glassy (9 and 33% RH) or fluid (64 and 85% RH) cytoplasm. Regardless of CD regimes, the cellular lipid domain remained always fluid. Hypoxia (0.4% O2) prevented seed deterioration only in the glassy state, limiting non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation, consumption of antioxidants (glutathione, tocopherols) and unsaturated fatty acids, accompanied by decreased lipid melt enthalpy and lower concentrations of aldehydes and reactive electrophile species (RES). In contrast, a fluid cytoplasm promoted faster seed deterioration and enabled the resumption of enzymatic activities implicated in glutathione metabolism and RES detoxification, regardless of O2 availability. Furthermore, seeds stored under dry/cold seed bank conditions showed biochemical profiles similar to those of CD-aged seeds with glassy cytoplasm under normoxia. These findings are discussed in the context of germplasm management.

scholarly journals Lipid remodelling during epididymal maturation of rat spermatozoa. Enrichment in plasmenylcholines containing long-chain polyenoic fatty acids of the n-9 series

1992 ◽  
Vol 283 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
M I Aveldaño ◽  
N P Rotstein ◽  
N T Vermouth
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Sperm Maturation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Lipid Domain ◽  
Choline Glycerophospholipids ◽  
Epididymal Maturation ◽  
Acyl Chains ◽  
Long Chain

In their transit from the caput to the cauda segments of the epididymis, rat spermatozoa undergo significant modifications in lipid content and composition. The amount of lipid phosphorus per cell decreases, and most lipid classes show specific changes in their constituent fatty acids. A depletion of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, concomitant with a virtually unchanged amount of the corresponding plasmalogens, are the major alterations, plasmenylcholine thereby becoming the major phospholipid. Diphosphatidylglycerol, sphingomyelin and the phosphoinositides decrease to a lesser extent or do not change at all, also resulting in relative increases with sperm maturation. Concerning the fatty acids, the proportions of oleate (C18:1, n-9) and linoleate (C18:2, n-6) in most lipids decrease on movement of sperm from caput to cauda, augmenting in turn the proportions of longer-chain (C20 to C24) and more unsaturated fatty acids. Docosapentaenoate (C22:5, n-6) is a major acyl chain present in all lipids at both stages, but uncommon long-chain polyenoic fatty acids of the n-9 series are also present, being almost exclusively found in the choline glycerophospholipids. These fatty acids are found to undergo the most significant changes during sperm maturation. They are minor components of plasmenylcholine in immature spermatozoa, but increase severalfold on maturation, representing more than half of the acyl chains of this major lipid in cells from the cauda. The high concentration of n-9 polyenes in mature sperm plasmenylcholine raises intriguing questions on the possible role epididymal cells may play in providing spermatozoa with such an unusual phospholipid. These plasmenylcholines could contribute to the characteristic lipid domain organization of the mature spermatozoa plasma membrane.

scholarly journals Effect of Seed Ageing in Biochemical and Molecular Changes in Oilseeds: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Induja Sudhakaran
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Molecular Changes ◽  
Seed Deterioration ◽  
Physiological Phenomenon ◽  
Seed Ageing

Seed deterioration is the loss of quality, viability and vigour either due to ageing or effect of adverse environmental factors. The process of deterioration is an irresistible physiological phenomenon. The seeds which are stored under suitable conditions may sometime undergo a series of changes which can ultimately result in the deterioration of the quality of the seed. Hence a thorough study should be done in these deteriorative changes so that proper measures can be adopted to control the variations. Therefore in this article the changes within cellular, biochemical and metabolic aspects of long term stored oilseeds are discussed.

Natural and artificial seed ageing in maize: germination and DNA synthesis

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germán Gutiérrez ◽  
Felipe Cruz ◽  
Juan Moreno ◽  
Victor A. González-Hernández ◽  
Jorge M. Vázquez-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Polymerase Activity ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Seed Deterioration ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Artificial Seed ◽  
Seed Ageing ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

AbstractThe effect of natural and artificial seed ageing has been compared in terms of physiological and biochemical responses of several maize genotypes. The physiological parameters were: viability, germinability, emergence in sand and dry matter accumulation. The biochemical parameters were: DNA synthesis and DNA polymerase activity. A close and direct relationship was found between seed deterioration and DNA metabolism in all maize materials which responded to ageing according to their genetic constitution; i.e., vigorous genotypes suffered less severe damage or recovery was faster than in the low-vigour genotypes. Coordination of events at appropriate times would seem a critical factor for proper seed germination.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome analysis by Tilletia horrida infection in resistant and susceptible rice (Oryza sativa L.) male sterile lines reveals candidate genes and resistant mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aijun Wang ◽  
Desuo Yin ◽  
Xinyue Shu ◽  
Linxia Wang ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis

Abstract Background Rice kernel smut (RKS), caused by the basidiomycete fungus Tilletia horrida , is one of the most devastating diseases affecting the production of male sterile lines of rice ( Oryza sativa ) worldwide. However, molecular mechanisms of resistance to T. horrida have not yet been explored.Results In the present study, analysis of the amount of T. horrida biomass in rice kernels and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of rice male sterile lines resistant and susceptible to RKS (Jiangcheng 3A and 9311A, respectively) were conducted after T. horrida infection. Transcriptomic analysis showed that 9, 840 and 7, 902 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed in Jiangcheng3A and 9311A, respectively, after T. horrida inoculation, compared with the control. KEGG analyses of DEGs revealed that cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids were enriched by T. horrida inoculation in Jiangcheng 3A; however, not significantly enriched in 9311A. Furthermore, the DEGs related to plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, and transcriptional factor genes were identified in both rice male sterile lines.Conclusions This is the first comparative transcriptome analysis of two rice genotypes with different responses to T. horrida infection, revealing DEGs with potentially important roles in defense against T. horrida infection. Ours results will serve as a strong foundation for developing effective strategies for T. horrida -resistance breeding.

scholarly journals Reserve carbohydrates and lipids from the seeds of four tropical tree species with different sensitivity to desiccation

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Iura de Oliveira Mello ◽  
Claudio José Barbedo ◽  
Antonio Salatino ◽  
Rita de Cássia Leone Figueiredo-Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Embryo Cell ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Orthodox Seeds ◽  
Caesalpinia Echinata ◽  
And Storage

Considering the importance of water content for the conservation and storage of seeds, and the involvement of soluble carbohydrates and lipids for embryo development, a comparative study was carried out among the seeds of Inga vera (ingá), Eugenia uniflora (pitanga), both classified as recalcitrant, and Caesalpinia echinata (brazilwood) and Erythrina speciosa (mulungu), considered as orthodox seeds. Low concentrations of cyclitols (0.3-0.5%), raffinose family oligosaccharides (ca. 0.05%) and unsaturated fatty acids (0-19%) were found in the seeds of ingá and pitanga, while larger amounts of cyclitols (2-3%) and raffinose (4.6-13%) were found in brazilwood and mulungu, respectively. These results, in addition to higher proportions of unsaturated fatty acids (53-71%) in orthodox seeds, suggested that sugars and lipids played important role in water movement, protecting the embryo cell membranes against injuries during dehydration.

scholarly journals Total lipid and fatty acid profiles of Coffea arabica endosperm and embryo tissues and their relationship to seed desiccation sensitivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Cristiane Carvalho Guimarães ◽  
Sttela Dellyzete Veiga Franco da Rosa ◽  
Mayara Holanda de Carvalho ◽  
Marcelo Ribeiro Malta ◽  
Roseane Maria Evangelista Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Endosperm Tissue ◽  
Seed Deterioration ◽  
Seed Desiccation

As seed chemical composition may lead to different responses during drying and other post-harvest operations, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of drying rate (slow and rapid) and the concentration and composition of lipids in the embryo and endosperm tissues of Coffea arabica seeds on desiccation tolerance/ sensitivity. The total concentration of lipids and the composition of fatty acids were evaluated in isolated embryos and endosperms, and in whole (intact) seeds. Embryos had a higher total lipid concentration (23%) than endosperm tissue (8%). Linoleic acid was the predominant fatty acid, with concentrations of 48% in the endosperm and 34% in the embryo tissues. Although rapid or slow drying did not change the fatty acid profile in the embryos or endosperms, the palmitic and linoleic acid concentrations varied significantly between the embryo and endosperm. The predominance of linoleic acid in the endosperm supports the hypothesis that the endosperm tissue may be an important source of damage to the seed and may advance seed deterioration. This indicates that unsaturated fatty acids may have a greater effect on sensitivity to desiccation than the percentage of total lipids.

Nutrient pattern of unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E increase resting metabolic rate of overweight and obese women

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Habib Yarizadeh ◽  
Leila Setayesh ◽  
Caroline Roberts ◽  
Mir Saeed Yekaninejad ◽  
Khadijeh Mirzaei
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Nutrients ◽  
Nutrient Patterns

Abstract. Objectives: Obesity plays an important role in the development of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. A low resting metabolic rate (RMR) for a given body size and composition is a risk factor for obesity, however, there is limited evidence available regarding the association of nutrient patterns and RMR. The aim of this study was to determine the association of nutrient patterns and RMR in overweight and obese women. Study design: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 360 women who were overweight or obese. Method: Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative standard food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nutrient patterns were also extracted by principal components analysis (PCA). All participants were evaluated for their body composition, RMR, and blood parameters. Result: Three nutrient patterns explaining 64% of the variance in dietary nutrients consumption were identified as B-complex-mineral, antioxidant, and unsaturated fatty acid and vitamin E (USFA-vit E) respectively. Participants were categorized into two groups based on the nutrient patterns. High scores of USFA-vit E pattern was significantly associated with the increase of RMR (β = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.79 to 68.16, p = 0.04). No significant associations were found among B-complex-mineral pattern (β = −0.00, 95% CI = −49.67 to 46.03, p = 0.94) and antioxidant pattern (β = 0.03, 95% CI −41.42 to 22.59, p = 0.56) with RMR. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the “USFA-vit E” pattern (such as PUFA, oleic, linoleic, vit.E, α-tocopherol and EPA) was associated with increased RMR.

Testosterone Potentiation of Ionophore and ADP Induced Platelet Aggregation : Relationship to Arachidonic Acid Metabolism

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (02) ◽  
pp. 538-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Pilo ◽  
D Aharony ◽  
A Raz
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryThe role of arachidonic acid oxygenated products in human platelet aggregation induced by the ionophore A23187 was investigated. The ionophore produced an increased release of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and a concomitant increased formation of TxA2 and other arachidonate products. TxA2 (and possibly other cyclo oxygenase products) appears to have a significant role in ionophore-induced aggregation only when low concentrations (<1 μM) of the ionophore are employed.Testosterone added to rat or human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was shown previously to potentiate platelet aggregation induced by ADP, adrenaline, collagen and arachidonic acid (1, 2). We show that testosterone also potentiates ionophore induced aggregation in washed platelets and in PRP. This potentiation was dose and time dependent and resulted from increased lipolysis and concomitant generation of TxA2 and other prostaglandin products. The testosterone potentiating effect was abolished by preincubation of the platelets with indomethacin.

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