Dynamic behavior of cell-free mitochondrial DNA in human saliva

Mitochondria release their genome as cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) in multiple biofluids including in the blood, where it predicts mortality and is a marker of mental and physical stress. Here we report cf-mtDNA in human saliva, an accessible biofluid used to study dynamic neuroendocrine changes. To map the natural dynamics of salivary cf-mtDNA over time, we examine cf-mtDNA and steroid hormones in a small cohort of healthy adults, and perform an intensive repeated-measures analysis of two healthy men studied at 4 daily timepoints over 53-60 consecutive days (n=412-420 observations). Salivary cf-mtDNA exhibits a robust awakening response reaching up to two orders of magnitude 30-45 minutes after awakening, varies from day-to-day, and moderately correlates with the cortisol awakening response. Moreover, we find no evidence that salivary cf-mtDNA has pro-inflammatory effects. The dynamic behavior of salivary cf-mtDNA opens the door to non-invasive studies examining the relevance of mtDNA signaling on human health.

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Mood and Global Symptom Changes among Psychotherapy Clients with Depressive Personality

Depression Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2012/208435 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Rachel E. Maddux ◽

Lars-Gunnar Lundh

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Self Report ◽

Treatment Results ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Depressive Personality ◽

Symptom Changes ◽

Psychotherapy Clients ◽

Over Time

The present study assessed the rate of depressive personality (DP), as measured by the self-report instrument depressive personality disorder inventory (DPDI), among 159 clients entering psychotherapy at an outpatient university clinic. The presenting clinical profile was evaluated for those with and without DP, including levels of depressed mood, other psychological symptoms, and global severity of psychopathology. Clients were followed naturalistically over the course of therapy, up to 40 weeks, and reassessed on these variables again after treatment. Results indicated that 44 percent of the sample qualified for DP prior to treatment, and these individuals had a comparatively more severe and complex presenting disposition than those without DP. Mixed-model repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine between-groups changes on mood and global severity over time, with those with DP demonstrating larger reductions on both outcome variables, although still showing more symptoms after treatment, than those without DP. Only eleven percent of the sample continued to endorse DP following treatment. These findings suggest that in routine clinical situations, psychotherapy may benefit individuals with DP.

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Stability of Intravenous Famotidine Stored in Polyvinyl Chloride Syringes

DICP ◽

10.1177/1060028089023007-811 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 23 (7-8) ◽

pp. 588-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Linda S. Bullock ◽

Joseph F. Fitzgerald ◽

Helen I. Mazur

Keyword(s):

Polyvinyl Chloride ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

High Performance ◽

Hplc Analysis ◽

Time Effect ◽

Sterile Water ◽

Reverse Phase ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

The Stability ◽

Over Time

The stability of intravenous famotidine in dextrose 5% injection (D5W), NaCl 0.9% injection (NS), and sterile water for injection stored in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) syringes at 4°C for 14 days was studied. The concentration of famotidine samples was determined at time 0, 7 days, and 14 days by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Samples were inspected for visual changes and tested for changes in pH. Results of the HPLC analysis indicated that the famotidine samples remained within 94-100 percent and 99-103 percent of the time 0 concentrations at 7 and 14 days, respectively. Repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated a significant time effect on famotidine concentration as concentrations changed over time (p<0.01). This change was small in magnitude, however, and concentrations decreased at 7 days and increased at 14 days. Famotidine is stable at a concentration of 2 mg/mL in D5W, NS, and sterile water for injection stored in PVC syringes at 4°C for 14 days.

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Randomized Split-Mouth Study on Postoperative Effects of Palmitoylethanolamide for Impacted Lower Third Molar Surgery

ISRN Surgery ◽

10.5402/2011/917350 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Christian Bacci ◽

Giulia Cassetta ◽

Bruno Emanuele ◽

Mario Berengo

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Pain ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Third Molar ◽

Third Molar Surgery ◽

Third Molar Extraction ◽

Drug Tolerability ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Surgical Extraction ◽

Over Time ◽

Molar Extraction

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of Normast 300 mg in reducing swelling and pain after the surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars. Materials and Methods. A randomized, split-mouth, single-blind study was conducted on 30 patients between 18 and 30 years of age requiring lower third molar extraction. Patients underwent bilateral extractions in a randomized sequence, one extraction being performed under Normast treatment. The Normast treatment involved 2 tablets a day for 15 days. The parameters assessed at each procedure were trismus, swelling, pain, NSAID consumption, postoperative complications, drug tolerability, and safety. The results obtained were processed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results. Perceived postoperative pain was reportedly significantly milder on Normast treatment than control. The trend of the means differed over time (P<.0001) and between the two extraction groups (P<.0221). On the other hand, for edema and trismus, the trend differed over time for both groups but did not differ between the two groups. Discussion. Our analyses indicate that patients experienced significantly less postoperative pain when they were treated with Normast. Conclusions. Administering Normast improves the postoperative course—in terms of pain—after lower third molar extraction.

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Evaluation of intra-articular injection of bupivacaine with morphine or methylprednisolone or alone on pain after knee arthroscopy

Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2020.27.4.100 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 314-322

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Knee Arthroscopy ◽

Sedative Effect ◽

Visual Analog Scales ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Recorded Data ◽

Spss Software ◽

Over Time

Background and Aim: Knee arthroscopy is used to diagnose and treat intra-articular lesions. Controlling acute pain after arthroscopy requires the use of a method with the least side effects and the most efficiency. The aim of this study was to compare the sedative effect after intra-articular injection of bupivacaine combination with morphine or methylprednisolone or alone in knee arthroscopy. Materials and Methods: In this study clinical-randomized three-blind trial, 99 volunteer patients with knee arthroscopy were randomly divided into three groups: 1. Bupivacaine (0.5%), 2. Morphine (5 mg)+ bupivacaine (0.5%) and 3. Methylprednisolone (40 mg) + bupivacaine (0.5%). At the end of the operation, drugs were injected intra-articular and the amount of postoperative pain was evaluated and recorded based on visual analog scales 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after injection. Also, receiving the injected analgesic within 24 hours, was recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: In all three groups, the pain intensity decreased significantly over time. The pain intensity of the methylprednisolone + bupivacaine and morphine+bupivacaine group was the similar, at different postoperative periods, but the pain intensity of these groups was significantly lower than the control. Also, consumption of the analgesics was significantly reduced in methylprednisolone+bupivacaine group compared to the two other groups. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that intra-articular injection of methylprednisolone + bupivacaine and morphine+bupivacaine was more effective than bupivacaine alone in reducing pain and the need for injectable analgesia.

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Effects of methylphenidate (MP) on symptom couplets associated with cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in patients with advanced cancer.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2015.33.29_suppl.191 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (29_suppl) ◽

pp. 191-191

Author(s):

Sriram Yennu ◽

Janet L. Williams ◽

Minjeong Park ◽

Diane D Liu ◽

Eduardo Bruera

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Advanced Cancer ◽

Treatment Effect ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

Significant Treatment Effect ◽

Significant Treatment ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Baseline Group ◽

Over Time

191 Background: Psychostimulant clinical trials on CRF in pts with advanced cancer suggest mixed effects on CRF. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of MP and placebo (PL) on the pts with clinically significant CRF and associated symptoms such as depression, sedation, or depression and sedation (couplets). Methods: Secondary analysis of pts who received MP as a part of 3 prospective controlled clinical trials on MP for CRF. Pts were categorized one of 4 groups, fatigue+depression (FD), fatigue+ drowsiness (FDR), fatigue+drowsiness+depression (FDDR) or fatigue only (F), and outcomes were change in FACIT-F subscale and ESAS -fatigue scores at Day 8 of treatment with MP and PL. Repeated measures analysis was applied to assess the effects of treatment over time (Day8 – Day0) among the 4 groups on FACIT-F subscale and ESAS fatigue. Results: Of the 322 evaluable pts (34 FD, 100 FDR, 78 FDDR, 107F), at Day 8 there was a significant improvement in the ESAS fatigue in MP compared to PL groups [median (IQR)-2 (-4, -1) vs 2 (-3.5,0),p = 0.03, but the difference in the change of FACIT-F between the groups was not significant [median(IQR) 8(2,17) VS7(0,12), p = 0.09). Repeated measures analysis on FACIT-F with pairwise interactions(Time X Baseline Group, Time X Treatment) shows that regardless of treatment, the increase of FACIT-F from Day0 to Day8 was significantly different between FD and F (p = 0.001) and between FDDR and F (p = 0.03).However the change over time was not significantly different between two treatment groups (p = 0.23). Furthermore, the repeated measure analysis including three term interactions(Time X Treatment X Baseline Group) indicates no significant the treatment effect on FACIT-F over time is not significantly different among the four groups (p = 0.89). Similarly, there is no significant treatment effect in ESAS fatigue score over time among the four groups. Conclusions: Although there was a general improvement in CRF (FACIT-F) scores over time, there was no significant treatment effect on this improvement over time among F or FD, or FDR, or FDDR groups defined by fatigue/depression/sedation in the whole study population. Further studies are needed.

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The effect of vascular access type on intra-access flow volume during hemodialysis

The Journal of Vascular Access ◽

10.1177/1129729819850942 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 746-751

Author(s):

Hoon Suk Park ◽

Woo Jeong Kim ◽

Joonsung Choi ◽

Hyung Wook Kim ◽

Jun Hyun Baik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arteriovenous Fistula ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Vascular Access ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Arteriovenous Graft ◽

Flow Volume ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time

Introduction: Previous studies have revealed that vascular access resistance is constant during hemodialysis, but differs according to vascular access type. It is possible that intra-access flow volume (Qac) variation during hemodialysis may also differ according to vascular access type. We conducted this study to investigate whether there are differences in Qac according to vascular access type during hemodialysis. Methods: A total of 58 lower-arm arteriovenous fistula, 14 lower-arm arteriovenous graft, 27 upper-arm arteriovenous fistula, and 45 upper-arm arteriovenous graft cases were studied. Three consecutive Qac values (at 30, 120, and 240 min after the start of hemodialysis) were measured in each patient by the ultrasound dilution technique. Variations in Qac over time were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and multivariate regression analyses, to assess the impact of different factors on Qac variation. Results: The repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that a significant interaction exists between time and vascular access type (p < 0.001). This suggests that vascular access type affects Qac change (%) variation over time during hemodialysis. In a multivariate analysis, mean arterial pressure change during hemodialysis (p = 0.009), access type (p < 0.001), and access location (p < 0.001) were independent variables causing Qac change variation. Conclusion: This study showed that there is a significant difference in Qac variation according to vascular access type during hemodialysis and that arteriovenous graft (vs arteriovenous fistula) and the lower-arm location (vs upper arm) were associated with a decrease in Qac during hemodialysis. This suggests that consideration of vascular access type is required to minimize Qac variation during hemodialysis.

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Anorectal dysfunction in multiple sclerosis patients: A pilot study on the effect of an individualized rehabilitation approach

Neurorehabilitation ◽

10.3233/nre-210226 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Martina Kovari ◽

Jan Stovicek ◽

Jakub Novak ◽

Michaela Havlickova ◽

Sarka Mala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Rehabilitation Program ◽

Anorectal Dysfunction ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Resting Pressure ◽

Maximal Pressure ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽

Over Time

BACKGROUND: Anorectal dysfunction (ARD), especially bowel incontinence, frequently compromises the quality of life in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The effect of rehabilitation procedures has not been clearly established. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of an individualized rehabilitation approach on bowel incontinence and anorectal pressures. METHODS: MS patients with ARD underwent 6-months of individually targeted biofeedback rehabilitation. High resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) and St. Mark’s Fecal Incontinence Scores (SMIS) were completed prior to rehabilitation, after 10 weeks of supervised physiotherapy, and after 3 months of self-treatment. RESULTS: Ten patients (50%) completed the study. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated significant improvement in the SMIS questionnaire over time [14.00 baseline vs. 9.70 after supervised physiotherapy vs. 9.30 after self-treatment (p = 0.005)]. No significant improvements over time were noted in any HRAM readings: maximal pressure [49.85 mmHg baseline vs. 57.60 after supervised physiotherapy vs. 60.88 after self-treatment (p = 0.58)], pressure endurance [36.41 vs. 46.89 vs. 49.95 (p = 0.53)], resting pressure [55.83, vs 52.69 vs. 51.84 (p = 0.704)], or area under the curve [230.0 vs. 520.8 vs. 501.9 (p = 0.16)]. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed individualized rehabilitation program supports a positive overall effect on anorectal dysfunction in MS patients.

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The comparison between repeated measures ANOVA and multilevel modeling to investigate the effectiveness of language instruction

Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal ◽

10.14738/assrj.76.8438 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 426-437

Author(s):

Eunjeong Park

Keyword(s):

Multilevel Modeling ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Language Instruction ◽

Individual Growth ◽

Repeated Measures Anova ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Quantitative Analyses ◽

Research Questions ◽

Methodological Considerations ◽

Over Time

The purpose of the current study is to compare two different statistical analyses—repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multilevel modeling (MLM)—with regard to international second language (L2) students’ lexico-grammatical writing gains in the interventions. Fifty college students’ lexico-grammatical writing gains in the pre-test, immediate and delayed post-tests were collected from three groups—one control and two intervention groups. Research questions include: (1) Is there a change in the dependent variable over time through repeated measures ANOVA?; (2) How much on average do the individuals change over time through MLM?; and (3) What are the differences of the results between repeated measures ANOVA and MLM? Repeated measures ANOVA and MLM were conducted separately to answer the research questions. Both analyses revealed that there was no difference of the interventions over time. In terms of methodological considerations, however, the two analyses exhibited the results in a different manner. Repeated measures ANOVA requires several assumptions (e.g., homoschedasticity and sphericity) while MLM does not need the requirement of the data as long as it contains different periodic datasets. Furthermore, MLM enables researchers to investigate the rate of individual growth. This paper offers methodological insight into adequate quantitative analyses to investigate the effectiveness of language acquisition and learning.

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Predialysis fluid overload and gait speed: a repeated measures analysis among patients on chronic dialysis

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfz272 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 1027-1031 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christopher Carlos ◽

Barbara Grimes ◽

Mark Segal ◽

Kirsten Johansen

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Fluid Overload ◽

Lower Serum ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

The Mean ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background Slow gait speed is associated with hospitalization and death. We examined whether predialysis fluid overload contributes to gait speed impairment. Methods We measured predialysis gait speed at baseline and 12 and 24 months among 298 patients recruited in the A Cohort Study to Investigate the Value of Exercise in ESRD/Analyses Designed to Investigate the Paradox of Obesity and Survival in ESRD. We used multivariable linear mixed modeling to examine associations between patient data and gait speed. We then added either bioimpedance-estimated volume of predialysis fluid overload or volume of delivered ultrafiltration to ascertain whether fluid excess was associated with gait speed and its trajectory. We also tested whether fluid overload change with time was predictive of gait speeds. Results The mean baseline gait speed was 1.01 m/s and it declined by an average of 0.08 m/s/year. Older age, nonwhite race, Hispanic ethnicity, diabetes, recent fall, recent hospitalization, tobacco use and lower serum albumin were associated with slower gait speed. Each liter of predialysis fluid overload was associated with a 0.02 m/s slower gait speed [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01–0.04, P = 0.008] and 0.05 m/s additional slowing per year (95% CI 0.03–0.06, P < 0.0001). Higher ultrafiltration volumes were associated with 0.07 m/s slower gait speed per 3% body weight removed (0.002–0.14, P = 0.045) but not with gait speed trajectory (P = 0.08). Patients who increased fluid overload walked 0.08 m/s slower compared with those who decreased fluid overload (95% CI 0.003–0.15, P = 0.04). Conclusions Predialysis fluid overload was associated with slower gait speed and gait speed decline over time. Interventions that limit fluid overload may lead to improvements in physical performance.

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NEIGHBOURHOOD POVERTY, PERCEIVED DISCRIMINATION AND CENTRAL ADIPOSITY IN THE USA: INDEPENDENT ASSOCIATIONS IN A REPEATED MEASURES ANALYSIS

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932016000225 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 709-722 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jamila L. Kwarteng ◽

Amy J. Schulz ◽

Graciela B. Mentz ◽

Barbara A. Israel ◽

Trina R. Shanks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Perceived Discrimination ◽

Central Adiposity ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Usa ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Independent Effects ◽

Over Time

SummaryThis study examines the independent effects of neighbourhood context (i.e. neighbourhood poverty) and exposure to perceived discrimination in shaping risk of obesity over time. Weighted three-level hierarchical linear regression models for a continuous outcome were used to assess the independent effects of neighbourhood poverty and perceived discrimination on obesity over time in a sample of 157 non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White and Hispanic adults in Detroit, USA, in 2002/2003 and 2007/2008. Independent associations were found between neighbourhood poverty and perceived discrimination with central adiposity over time. Residents of neighbourhoods with high concentrations of poverty were more likely to show increases in central adiposity compared with those in neighbourhoods with lower concentrations of poverty. In models adjusted for BMI, neighbourhood poverty at baseline was associated with a greater change in central adiposity among participants who lived in neighbourhoods in the second (B=3.79, p=0.025) and third (B=3.73, p=0.024) poverty quartiles, compared with those in the lowest poverty neighbourhoods. The results from models that included both neighbourhood poverty and perceived discrimination showed that both were associated with increased risk of increased central adiposity over time. Residents of neighbourhoods in the second (B=9.58, p<0.001), third (B=8.25, p=0.004) and fourth (B=7.66, p=0.030) quartiles of poverty were more likely to show greater increases in central adiposity over time, compared with those in the lowest poverty quartile, with mean discrimination at baseline independently and positively associated with increases in central adiposity over time (B=2.36, p=0.020). The results suggest that neighbourhood poverty and perceived discrimination are independently associated with a heightened risk of increase in central adiposity over time. Efforts to address persistent disparities in central adiposity in the USA should include strategies to reduce high concentrations of neighbourhood poverty as well as discrimination.

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