Impact of maternal intermittent fasting during pregnancy on cardiovascular, metabolic and renal function in adult rat offspring

Pregnant Muslim women are exempt from fasting during Ramadan; however a majority are reported to fast. The impact of this form of maternal intermittent fasting (IF) on fetal development and offspring health is not well defined. Using a rat model, we have shown previously that maternal IF results in fetal growth restriction accompanied by changes in placental nutrient transport function. The aim of this study was to assess cardiovascular, metabolic and renal function in adult offspring of IF-exposed dams. Food was withheld from Wistar rats from 17:00 to 09:00 daily throughout pregnancy; controls had ad libitum access to food. Birth weight was unaffected; however male IF pups grew more slowly up to 10 weeks of age ( P < 0.01) whereas IF females matched their control counterparts. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), glucose tolerance and basal renal function at 14 weeks were not affected by IF exposure. When offered saline solutions (0.9-2.1%) to drink, females showed a greater salt preference than males ( P < 0.01); however there were no differences between dietary groups. A separate group of pups was weaned onto a 4% NaCl diet. SBP increased in IF pups sooner, at 7 weeks ( P < 0.01), than controls which became hypertensive from 10 weeks. Renal function did not appear to differ; however markers of renal injury were elevated in IF males ( P < 0.05). Maternal IF does not affect resting cardiovascular, metabolic and renal function; but when challenged by dietary salt load male IF offspring are more prone to renal injury.

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Consequences of Paternal Nutrition on Offspring Health and Disease

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082818 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2818

Author(s):

Pauline Dimofski ◽

David Meyre ◽

Natacha Dreumont ◽

Brigitte Leininger-Muller

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Maternal Diet ◽

Disease Onset ◽

Adult Life ◽

Intermittent Fasting ◽

Low Protein ◽

Periconceptional Period ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Offspring Health ◽

The Impact

It is well established that the maternal diet during the periconceptional period affects the progeny’s health. A growing body of evidence suggests that the paternal diet also influences disease onset in offspring. For many years, sperm was considered only to contribute half of the progeny’s genome. It now appears that it also plays a crucial role in health and disease in offspring’s adult life. The nutritional status and environmental exposure of fathers during their childhood and/or the periconceptional period have significant transgenerational consequences. This review aims to describe the effects of various human and rodent paternal feeding patterns on progeny’s metabolism and health, including fasting or intermittent fasting, low-protein and folic acid deficient food, and overnutrition in high-fat and high-sugar diets. The impact on pregnancy outcome, metabolic pathways, and chronic disease onset will be described. The biological and epigenetic mechanisms underlying the transmission from fathers to their progeny will be discussed. All these data provide evidence of the impact of paternal nutrition on progeny health which could lead to preventive diet recommendations for future fathers.

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The Impact of Time-Restricted Feeding on Exercise-Induced Immune Parameters in C57BL/6 Male Mice

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa068_026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1541-1541

Author(s):

Marie van der Merwe ◽

Martina Faietti ◽

Richard Bloomer ◽

Melissa Puppa ◽

Aaron Persinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Cell ◽

Control Group ◽

Intermittent Fasting ◽

Restricted Feeding ◽

Male Mice ◽

Immune Parameters ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Access To Food ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objectives Food intake and exercise are considered modulators of the immune system. Specifically, intermittent fasting protocols have been demonstrated to reduce inflammation and alter cytokine responses. The objective of the current study was to determine if a form of intermittent fasting known as time-restricted feeding (TRF) would alter immune parameters in response to exercise. Methods 8-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were divided into three groups based on feeding schedule; group one had access to food ad libitum (Control) and groups two and three had access to food in a time restricted manner. Access was allowed for six hours per day either immediately after running (TRF-imm) or six hours after running (TRF-del). Mice ran on a treadmill for 1 hour, 5 days per week for eight weeks. Diet consisted of 21% protein, 16% fat and 64% carbohydrate. Weight, glucose and ketone levels, and immune populations were analyzed. Systemic IL-6 and TNF-α levels were measured before and after running. In a subpopulation, cytokine response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) was also monitored. Results All mice gained weight during the eight-week intervention, but TRF-imm gained significantly less weight than Control (P = 0.02). No differences were detected in glucose levels. The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) was significantly higher at week eight in TRF groups (P ≤ 0.03) but running induced BHB in all groups to approximately 1 mM. Running reduced the blood lymphocytes levels (P < 0.05), with a concomitant increase of granulocytes (P < 0.05) in all groups. There was a small increase in monocytes only in the Control group (P = 0.017). No differences were detected in splenic immune populations, including CD4 and CD8 T cells, and CD11b + cells. Both IL-6 and TNF-α levels were low in all groups before exercise; however, post exercise IL-6 was increased, but not to the same extend in all groups. The IL-6 response was blunted in the TRF groups. The reduced levels of IL-6 was not due to loss of immune function, as both IL-6 and TNF-α were readily induced by exposure of mice to LPS. Conclusions Time-restricted feeding protocols did not induce differences in immune cell composition in blood or spleen but resulted in attenuated exercise-induced IL-6 levels. Funding Sources University of Memphis, School of Health Studies.

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ALTERATION IN RENAL FUNCTION FOLLOWING LOOP DIURETICS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i12.35574 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 61-63

Author(s):

PRUDENCE A RODRIGUES ◽

SOUMYA GK ◽

NADIA GRACE BUNSHAW ◽

SARANYA N ◽

SUJITH K ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Renal Function ◽

Renal Injury ◽

Loop Diuretic ◽

Acute Decompensated Heart Failure ◽

Diuretic Therapy ◽

Decompensated Heart Failure ◽

Loop Diuretics ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

The Impact

Objective: The objective of the study was to monitor the impact of loop diuretic therapy in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and to assess other predictors of renal dysfunction in patients with ADHF. Methods: An observational study over a period of 6 months from January 2018 to June 2018 in the Department of Cardiology, in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Patients on diuretic therapy (loop diuretic) were enrolled. Patients with prior chronic kidney disease were excluded from the study. The patients were evaluated based on change in serum creatinine (SCr) and other contributing factors were assessed by acute kidney injury network and worsening of renal function criteria. Results: A total of 135 patients were enrolled, of which 73% were males and 27% were females. The mean age of the subjects was 61.55±13 years. The baseline means SCr was 1.62±0.92 mg/dl. On evaluation, 41% were really affected and 59% remain unaffected. Factors such as hypertension (p=0.047) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) (p=0.023) were found to be significant predictors of renal injury. Conclusion: Variation in renal function in ADHF patients was multifactorial. The direct influence of loop diuretics on renal function was present but was not well established. Hypertension and ACE-I have found to show influence in the development of renal injury as contributing factors. There exists both positive and negative consequence of loop diuretics on renal function.

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Increased urinary markers of kidney damage in the institutionalized frail elderly due to recurrent urinary tract infections

Therapeutic Advances in Urology ◽

10.1177/1756287220974133 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 175628722097413

Author(s):

María-Fernanda Lorenzo-Gómez ◽

María-Carmen Flores-Fraile ◽

Magaly Márquez-Sánchez ◽

Javier Flores-Fraile ◽

Ignacio González-Casado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Frail Elderly ◽

Renal Injury ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Urinary Markers ◽

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Tract Infections ◽

The Impact

Objective: To characterize the impact on kidney injury of recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI) in the frail elderly. Methods: Prospective observational study in 200 frail elderly subjects for 1 year. Groups: GA ( n = 100): subjects without RUTI, GB ( n = 100): subjects with RUTI. Variables: age, concomitant diseases, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) at the beginning (NGAL-1) and end (NGAL-2) of the study, urine N-acetyl glucosaminidase (NAG) at the beginning (NAG-1) and the end (NAG-2) of the study, urine transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ-1). Descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney test, Chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, and multivariate analysis were used. Results: Mean age was 84.33 (65–99) years old, with no difference between GA and GB. Mean NGAL-1 was 1.29 ng/ml (0.04–8). There was lower in GA than in GB. Mean NGAL-2 was 1.41 ng/ml (0.02–9.22). NGAL-2 was lower in GA than in GB. Mean NAG-1 was 0.38 UU.II/ml (0.01–2.63. NAG-1 in GA was lower than in GB. Mean NAG-2 was 0.44 UU.II/ml (0–3.41). NAG-2 was lower in GA compared with GB. Mean TGFβ-1 was 23.43 pg/ml (0.02–103.76). TGFβ-1 was lower in GA than GB. There were no differences in the presence of secondary diagnoses between GA and GB. NAG-2 and NGAL-1 were the most determining factors of renal function; in GA it was NGAL-2, followed by NAG-1; in GB it was NGAL-1, followed by NAG-2. Conclusion: Frail elderly with RUTI have higher urinary levels of renal injury markers, specifically NGAL, NAG, and TGFβ-1, chronically in periods between urinary tract infection (UTI). Urinary markers of renal injury, specifically NGAL, NAG, and TGFβ-1, identify early deterioration of renal function, compared with serum creatinine, or albuminuria, in frail elderly with recurrent urinary infections.

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Abstract #701: A Retrospective Analysis of The Impact of Weight Loss on Renal Function

Endocrine Practice ◽

10.1016/s1530-891x(20)45110-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 145-146

Author(s):

Tiffany Schwasinger-Schmidt ◽

Georges Elhomsy ◽

Fanglong Dong ◽

Bobbie Paull-Forney

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Renal Function ◽

Retrospective Analysis ◽

The Impact

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Pilot Study on the Impact of the Mediterranean Diet and Intermittent Fasting

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct04185948 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Intermittent Fasting ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

The Impact

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Efficacy of Popular Diets Applied by Endurance Athletes on Sports Performance: Beneficial or Detrimental? A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020491 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 491

Author(s):

Aslı Devrim-Lanpir ◽

Lee Hill ◽

Beat Knechtle

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Endurance Performance ◽

Endurance Athletes ◽

Intermittent Fasting ◽

Nutritional Strategy ◽

Current Perspective ◽

Vegetarian Diets ◽

Fat Diets ◽

The Impact ◽

Harsh Conditions

Endurance athletes need a regular and well-detailed nutrition program in order to fill their energy stores before training/racing, to provide nutritional support that will allow them to endure the harsh conditions during training/race, and to provide effective recovery after training/racing. Since exercise-related gastrointestinal symptoms can significantly affect performance, they also need to develop strategies to address these issues. All these factors force endurance athletes to constantly seek a better nutritional strategy. Therefore, several new dietary approaches have gained interest among endurance athletes in recent decades. This review provides a current perspective to five popular diet approaches: (a) vegetarian diets, (b) high-fat diets, (c) intermittent fasting diets, (d) gluten-free diet, and (e) low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diets. We reviewed scientific studies published from 1983 to January 2021 investigating the impact of these popular diets on the endurance performance and health aspects of endurance athletes. We also discuss all the beneficial and harmful aspects of these diets, and offer key suggestions for endurance athletes to consider when following these diets.

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Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment Based on Measured Versus Predicted Unbound Ceftriaxone Concentrations in Critically Ill Patients with Pneumonia: An Observational Cohort Study

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10050557 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 557

Author(s):

Matthias Gijsen ◽

Erwin Dreesen ◽

Ruth Van Daele ◽

Pieter Annaert ◽

Yves Debaveye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Protein Binding ◽

Critically Ill ◽

Critically Ill Patients ◽

Observational Cohort Study ◽

Target Attainment ◽

Binding Model ◽

Observational Cohort ◽

The Impact

The impact of ceftriaxone pharmacokinetic alterations on protein binding and PK/PD target attainment still remains unclear. We evaluated pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target attainment of unbound ceftriaxone in critically ill patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Besides, we evaluated the accuracy of predicted vs. measured unbound ceftriaxone concentrations, and its impact on PK/PD target attainment. A prospective observational cohort study was carried out in adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit with severe CAP. Ceftriaxone 2 g q24h intermittent infusion was administered to all patients. Successful PK/PD target attainment was defined as unbound trough concentrations above 1 or 4 mg/L throughout the whole dosing interval. Acceptable overall PK/PD target attainment was defined as successful target attainment in ≥90% of all dosing intervals. Measured unbound ceftriaxone concentrations (CEFu) were compared to unbound concentrations predicted from various protein binding models. Thirty-one patients were included. The 1 mg/L and 4 mg/L targets were reached in 26/32 (81%) and 15/32 (47%) trough samples, respectively. Increased renal function was associated with the failure to attain both PK/PD targets. Unbound ceftriaxone concentrations predicted by the protein binding model developed in the present study showed acceptable bias and precision and had no major impact on PK/PD target attainment. We showed suboptimal (i.e., <90%) unbound ceftriaxone PK/PD target attainment when using a standard 2 g q24h dosing regimen in critically ill patients with severe CAP. Renal function was the major driver for the failure to attain the predefined targets, in accordance with results found in general and septic ICU patients. Interestingly, CEFu was reliably predicted from CEFt without major impact on clinical decisions regarding PK/PD target attainment. This suggests that, when carefully selecting a protein binding model, CEFu does not need to be measured. As a result, the turn-around time and cost for ceftriaxone quantification can be substantially reduced.

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Dietary Salt Accelerates Orthodontic Tooth Movement by Increased Osteoclast Activity

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22020596 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 596

Author(s):

Agnes Schröder ◽

Joshua Gubernator ◽

Alexandra Leikam ◽

Ute Nazet ◽

Fabian Cieplik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Density ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Bone Metabolism ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Dietary Salt ◽

Osteoclast Activity ◽

Salt Uptake ◽

Periodontal Bone Loss ◽

The Impact

Dietary salt uptake and inflammation promote sodium accumulation in tissues, thereby modulating cells like macrophages and fibroblasts. Previous studies showed salt effects on periodontal ligament fibroblasts and on bone metabolism by expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cells-5 (NFAT-5). Here, we investigated the impact of salt and NFAT-5 on osteoclast activity and orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). After treatment of osteoclasts without (NS) or with additional salt (HS), we analyzed gene expression and the release of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and calcium phosphate resorption. We kept wild-type mice and mice lacking NFAT-5 in myeloid cells either on a low, normal or high salt diet and inserted an elastic band between the first and second molar to induce OTM. We analyzed the expression of genes involved in bone metabolism, periodontal bone loss, OTM and bone density. Osteoclast activity was increased upon HS treatment. HS promoted periodontal bone loss and OTM and was associated with reduced bone density. Deletion of NFAT-5 led to increased osteoclast activity with NS, whereas we detected impaired OTM in mice. Dietary salt uptake seems to accelerate OTM and induce periodontal bone loss due to reduced bone density, which may be attributed to enhanced osteoclast activity. NFAT-5 influences this reaction to HS, as we detected impaired OTM and osteoclast activity upon deletion.

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