scholarly journals Direct cryopreservation of poultry/avian embryonic reproductive cells: A low-tech, cost-effective and efficient method for safeguarding genetic diversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuanjun Hu ◽  
Lorna Taylor ◽  
Adrian Sherman ◽  
Christian Keambou Tiambo ◽  
Steven J Kemp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Climate Resilience

Chickens are an important resource for smallholder farmers who raise locally adapted, genetically distinct breeds for eggs and meat. The development of efficient reproductive technologies to conserve and regenerate chicken breeds safeguards existing biodiversity and secures poultry genetic resources for climate resilience, biosecurity, and future food production. The majority of the over 1600 breeds of chicken are raised in low and lower to middle income countries (LMICs) under resource limited, small scale production systems, which necessitates a low tech, cost effective means of conserving diversity is needed. Here, we validate a simple biobanking technique using cryopreserved embryonic chicken gonads. The gonads are quickly isolated, visually sexed, pooled by sex, and cryopreserved. Subsequently, the stored material is thawed and dissociated before injection into sterile host chicken embryos. By using pooled GFP and RFP-labelled donor gonadal cells and Sire Dam Surrogate (SDS) mating, we demonstrate that chicks deriving entirely from male and female donor germ cells are hatched. This technology will enable ongoing efforts to conserve chicken genetic diversity for both commercial and small holder farmers, and to preserve existing genetic resources at poultry research facilities.

A Study on Small Scale Associated Gas FLNG Utilizing Small Scale LNG Carriers to Near-By Onshore LNG Plant

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. C. Nguyen ◽  
Komla Miheaye ◽  
Mun-gyu Kim ◽  
Howard Newman ◽  
Dong-hoon Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
Small Capacity ◽  
Stranded Gas

This study describes a FLNG specifically designed to monetize Associated Gas (AG) of producing oil fields located within convenient distance of an existing LNG Plant or Port with LNG storage facility. Limited production capacity combined with short range small capacity shuttles and limited LNG storage capacity, provide a cost effective means for LNG production. This FLNG is designed to service an existing industry and does not require development of stranded gas discoveries.

Offloading Operability of Small Scale AG FLNG With Side-by-Side Moored Small Scale LNG Carrier in Offshore West Africa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mun-sung Kim ◽  
Eric Morilhat ◽  
X. C. Nguyen ◽  
Bo-hee Kim ◽  
Jung-moon Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Relative Motion ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
High Level

This study describes one of the technical solutions for Small Scale FLNG (SSFLNG)[1] development specifically designed to monetize Associated Gas (AG) of producing oil fields located within convenient distance of an existing LNG Plant or Port with LNG storage facility. Limited production capacity combined with short range small scale LNG carriers (SSLNGC), provide a cost effective means for LNG production. Ship to ship off-loading operation by loading arm has been considered in AG SSFLNG. Produced LNG is to be off-loaded from the SSFLNG to side-by-side moored SSLNGC. Relative motion and dynamic load acting on loading arm system in side-by-side mooring arrangement is one of key factors to estimate the offloading operability of the AG SSFLNG. In this paper, a numerical two-body motion analysis for the side-by-side moored SSFLNG in frequency- and time-domain is carried out. Also, the basic engineering work is carried out for the marine loading arms (MLA). Since the MLA reacts approximately as a linear system, it is calculated by a full spectral RAO analysis for each of the worst load cases issued from the spectral ranking. All loads and stresses inside the MLA are verified in accordance with EN1474-1[2] for the situations identified in the previous step. A high level fatigue analysis focused on the cryogenic swivel joints is carried out. Based on the numerical calculation for relative motion in side-by-side moored FLNG, we have been performed structural assessment for MLA in several environment conditions. The structural integrity of both MLA and the LNGC manifold are validated during offloading for Offshore West Africa.

Key issues facing genebanks in preserving crop genetic diversity ex situ: overview of the range of challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
Paula Bramel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Crop Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ex Situ Collections ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Market Preference ◽  
The Impact

This chapter reviews the key issues and challenges facing genebanks in preserving crop genetic diversity ex situ. Local crop genetic diversity is challenged with changes in land use, urbanization, land degradation, changes in agricultural practises, availability of improved varieties, changes in market preference, and the impact of climate change. Efforts have been made to secure plant genetic resources ex situ for future use but there are significant issues related to cost effective, efficient, secure, rational, and sustainable long-term ex situ conservation. It begins by addressing issues for the composition of ex situ collections and moves on to discuss issues for routine operations for conservation. The chapter also highlights issues for the use of conserved genetic resources, before concluding with a summary of why the development of sustainable genebank systems is so important.

scholarly journals Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for Small-Scale Farms in Developed Economies: Challenges and Opportunities

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa R. Grasswitz
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
Farm Sector ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Usa

Small-scale farms are an important component of agricultural production even in developed economies, and have an acknowledged role in providing other biological and societal benefits, including the conservation of agricultural biodiversity and enhancement of local food security. Despite this, the small-farm sector is currently underserved in relation to the development and implementation of scale-appropriate Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices that could help increase such benefits. This review details some of the characteristics of the small farm sectors in developed economies (with an emphasis on the USA and Europe), and identifies some of the characteristics of small farms and their operators that may favor the implementation of IPM. Some of the challenges and opportunities associated with increasing the uptake of IPM in the small-farm sector are discussed. For example, while some IPM tactics are equally applicable to virtually any scale of production, there are others that may be easier (or more cost-effective) to implement on a smaller scale. Conversely, there are approaches that have not been widely applied in small-scale production, but which nevertheless have potential for use in this sector. Examples of such tactics are discussed. Knowledge gaps and opportunities for increasing IPM outreach to small-scale producers are also identified.

Sister Robots - food and medicine carriers

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
Bikash Gurung ◽  
Anil Singh ◽  
Pankaj Japrel ◽  
Rishan Joshi ◽  
Prithvi Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Collaborative Partnerships ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Isolation Room

Sister Robots - ‘Food and Medicine Carrier Robot’ are manually controlled robots which can be used in Corona Testing Hospital where health representatives or medical professionals need to carry food and medicine from the kitchen of the hospital to the patient isolation room. Robotics Association of Nepal [RAN] along with Team Robonauts, Team Kantibir and Team Oztec have developed the different versions of Sister Robots. The first version of the Robot - Sister V.1 is now working at the provincial hospital of Province no. 3, Hetauda Hospital. The Robot was built in support of Nepal Engineers’ Association [NEA] and handed over to Honorable Chief Minister, Province No.3 Dormani Poudel. Sister V.1 can help frontline health professionals communicate with COVID-19 suspected/infected patients in the isolation room, deliver essential foods and medicines as well. Sister V.1 took 20 days for its completion. The development team further developed second version of Sister Robot [Sister V.2]. First piece of Sister V.2 has been completed and 5 more are on the verge of development. Armed Police Force [APF] Hospital has made a trial of Sister V.2. Sister V.2 has been upgraded with a double 12V 8000MAH battery system for higher power performance, dual FPV camera system for Top 90 degree rotation back view and Front 180 degree bottom view. Food and Medicine can be easily delivered and COVID-19 can sanitize their hands with automatic sanitizer as well. Phase 1 product development has been completed and Phase 2 small scale production is currently running. The phases are defined based on the upgrade of the Robots as the team believes in iteration of the robot and customization as well. Mass scale production of Sister Robots on phase 3 Version 3 [Sister V.3] will consist of different lines of Robots with different specifications. More cost effective technologies will be introduced and automation will be a priority of Robot development. Research Center for Applied Science and Technology (RECAST) and Sagarmatha Engineering College collaborated with RAN for 6 more robots to develop financially. Phase 3 focuses in bringing Sister V.3 at each and every hospital in Nepal through collaborative partnerships and safety campaigns.

scholarly journals Spiked pepper: selection of clones toward cropping on the edaphoclimatic conditions from Belém, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-423
Author(s):  
José Maria D Gaia ◽  
Milton Guilherme da C Mota ◽  
Carmen Célia C da Conceição ◽  
José Guilherme S Maia
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Branch Plant

Spiked pepper presents a high yield of essential oil with useful biological properties for human health and agriculture. In order to evaluate the morphoagronomic variability and, afterwards, to select genotypes for plant breeding and cultivation, thirteen clones were propagated. Thus, spiked pepper cuttings were rooted under greenhouse, transferred to a nursery and, afterwards, planted at the experimental area. The evaluations were carried out in two harvest seasons. The evaluated morphoagronomic traits were number of leaves per branch, leaf length, leaf width, diameter of the oldest branch, plant height, number of orthotropic branches, number of plagiotropic branches, internode length, fresh and dry matter, yield of essential oil and dillapiole content. The analysis of variance and the Scott-Knott test were utilized for data analysis and comparisons among clones and parentals were carried out through genetic and experimental variation coefficients. Fresh matter (first season), number of orthotropic branches and diameter of the the oldest branch (second season) presented variability. The Scott-Knott test detected variability for fresh matter, dillapiole content (first season), diameter of the oldest branch and number of orthotropic branches (second season). The yield of essential oil and the dillapiole content were higher for the clones than for the parentals. In conclusion, the clones showed adaptability to the soil and climate conditions of Belém, Pará State, Brazil; the harvest time influenced the oil yield and the dillapiole content; the variance analysis evidenced uniformity and productivity for the evaluated clones, suggesting they can be recommended for cultivation on small-scale production systems in this location.

Development of Three-Axis Mini Milling Machine for Small Scale Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 761 ◽  
pp. 273-276
Author(s):  
Abu Bakar Mohd Hadzley ◽  
Muhammad Hafiz Samsudin ◽  
Mohd Najib Zamri ◽  
Raja Izamshah Raja Abdullah ◽  
Mohd Shahir Kasim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ball Screw ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Milling Machine ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
High Cutting Speed ◽  
Machining Test

This paper presents the processes to develop a cost-effective small scale 3-axis CNC milling machine. The designed machine tool consisted of stepper motors, bearing, linear guide, ball screw mounting systems, inverter and electronic controller, in which all of these are assembled together in a form of 3-axis operating system. The machine has a built up with the size of 1000 mm (length) × 1000 mm (width) × 650 mm (long) accompanied with a worktable with a dimension of 300 mm (length) × 300 mm (width) × 20 mm (long), and 24,000 rpm maximum spindle speed. To control the movement of the machine, open source software was utilized with the aid of G-Codes to assign the movement of the CNC axes. From the machining test, the machine was found to be capable to machine a metal work piece with high cutting speed and reasonable accuracy. The machine developed in this study offers efficiency and flexibility in the manufacturing production which enables to reduce capital cost due to the small-scale facility.

The use of ex situ conserved plant genetic resources

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby Hodgkin ◽  
V. Ramanatha Rao ◽  
Angélica Cibrian-Jaramillo ◽  
Samy Gaiji
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Recent Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Barriers To Use ◽  
The Many

AbstractPlant genetic resources are conserved so that they can be used to improve crop plant pro- duction and in other ways. However, it is often asserted that use of ex situ conserved germplasm is inadequate and that genetic diversity maintained in genebanks is underutilized. In part, this reflects an incomplete recognition of what constitutes use of plant genetic resources, and of the many different ways in which material from genebanks contributes to improved agricultural production. Based on recent information from surveys of distribution of germplasm from genebanks, and from surveys of users, we suggest that the evidence indicates that there is substantial use of ex situ conserved materials for a wide range of different uses. We suggest that barriers to use of ex situ conserved germplasm may often result from a lack in numbers of users, and from limitations in capacity to effectively utilize the genetic diversity present in genebanks to reduce genetic vulnerability and increase sustainability in modern production systems.

scholarly journals Determinants of the Use of Hermetic Storage Bags for Maize Storage among Smallholder Farmers in Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Tigist Kefale Mekonen ◽  
Biruk Yazie Wubetie
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Household Heads

In Ethiopia, postharvest losses, mainly storage losses by insects, are very critical problems in agricultural production systems. In particular, maize is highly susceptible to insect and pest attacks in the storage. These storage losses affect the livelihood of small-scale farmers by aggravating their food insecurity and reducing their household income. This critical problem forced the farmers to look forward modern storage technologies like Purdue improved crop storage (PICS) bags, but its adoption is considerably low in the study area. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to examine the determinants to use PICS bags for maize storage. Data were collected through semistructured questionnaire, group discussion, key informants, and direct observation. A total of 392 sample household heads were selected by simple random sampling techniques. Binary logistic regression model, descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the data. This study revealed that, about 58% of the respondents replied that the importance of PICS bags in reducing insect damage was high. The results of binary logit model also indicated that educational level, sex, awareness, training, accessibility, perception on the effect of pesticide, social responsibility, and total income of the household positively and significantly affect farmers’ decision to use PICS bags. Moreover, the price of PICS affects negatively and significantly. Therefore, policy makers have to give emphasis for this newly introduced storage technology to address storage loss problems by taking in to account these determinants.

Advanced Metrology and Intelligent Quality Automation for Industry 4.0-Based Precision Manufacturing Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Numan M. Durakbasa ◽  
Jorge Bauer ◽  
Günther Poszvek
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Precision Engineering ◽  
Technological Developments

Intelligence is an essential feature of future development and production systems, and intelligent production is a major component of future business. To meet market demands in present and future global industrial world, manufacturing enterprises of any kind and any size must be flexible and agile enough to respond quickly to product demand changes also according technological developments especially in the field of precision engineering at micro/nanoand pico scale production. With support of AI and modern IT it is possible to realise modern cost-effective customer-driven design and manufacturing taking into account the importance and basic role of modern Integrated Management Systems - IMS and intelligent advanced metrology.This new concept can be developed on the basis of intelligent production technologies and integrated systems as well as extensive use of the IT, AI, simulation, quality autonomation, robotics, advanced metrology and advanced engineering data exchange techniques. Moreover by utilizing advanced information analytics, networked intelligent machines and instruments will be able to perform more efficiently, collaboratively and sustainably, that makes possible an agile and optimal industrial production in any kind of industry and especially in up-to-date SMEs towards Industry 4.0.

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