scholarly journals Identification and expression analysis of Shaker K+ channel genes in millet (Setaria italica) under abiotic stresses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Zhang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Yue Guo ◽  
Xiaoxia Wang ◽  
Mengtao Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Transcription Level ◽  
Analysis Prediction

Potassium (K+) is one of the essential nutrients for plant, which is involved in plant growth and development and abiotic stress tolerance. The absorption and transport of K+ depends on Shaker K+ channels. Foxtail millet is a Poaceae crop with strong drought stress-tolerant. In this study, we identified ten Shaker K+ channel genes in foxtail millet. Phylogenetic analysis, prediction of conserved motif, and gene structure analysis classified these genes into five groups. The transcription level of these genes under different abiotic stress treatments (cold, heat, NaCl, PEG) and ABA treatment were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Each gene displayed its own regulation pattern under different treatments, suggests these channels play important role in plant adaptation to different environment conditions.

scholarly journals GIBBERELLINS IN REGULATION OF PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT UNDER ABIOTIC STRESSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
I. V. Kosakivska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Della Proteins ◽  
Plant Yields

Background. Gibberellins (GAs), a class of diterpenoid phytohormones, play an important role in regulation of plant growth and development. Among more than 130 different gibberellin molecules, only a few are bioactive. GA1, GA3, GA4, and GA7 regulate plant growth through promotion the degradation of the DELLA proteins, a family of nuclear growth repressors – negative regulator of GAs signaling. Recent studies on GAs biosynthesis, metabolism, transport, and signaling, as well as crosstalk with other phytohormones and environment have achieved great progress thanks to molecular genetics and functional genomics. Aim. In this review, we focused on the role of GAs in regulation of plant gtowth in abiotic stress conditions. Results. We represented a key information on GAs biosynthesis, signaling and functional activity; summarized current understanding of the crosstalk between GAs and auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid and other hormones and what is the role of GAs in regulation of adaptation to drought, salinization, high and low temperature conditions, and heavy metal pollution. We emphasize that the effects of GAs depend primarily on the strength and duration of stress and the phase of ontogenesis and tolerance of the plant. By changing the intensity of biosynthesis, the pattern of the distribution and signaling of GAs, plants are able to regulate resistance to abiotic stress, increase viability and even avoid stress. The issues of using retardants – inhibitors of GAs biosynthesis to study the functional activity of hormones under abiotic stresses were discussed. Special attention was focused on the use of exogenous GAs for pre-sowing priming of seeds and foliar treatment of plants. Conclusion. Further study of the role of gibberellins in the acquisition of stress resistance would contribute to the development of biotechnology of exogenous use of the hormone to improve growth and increase plant yields under adverse environmental conditions.

scholarly journals The Role of Membrane Transporters in Plant Growth and Development, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaqat Ali Gill ◽  
Sunny Ahmar ◽  
Basharat Ali ◽  
Muhammad Hamzah Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Umar Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Membrane Transporters ◽  
Plant Growth And Development

Membrane transporters (MTs) are mainly localized at the plasma membrane (PM), tonoplast and vacuolar membrane (VM) of cells in all plant organs. Their work is to maintain the cellular homeostasis by controlling ionic movements across PM channels from roots to upper plant parts, xylem loading and remobilization of sugar molecules from photosynthesis tissues in the leaf (source) to roots, stem and seeds (sink) via phloem loading. The plant’s whole source-to-sink relationship is regulated by multiple transporting proteins in a highly sophisticated manner and driven based on different stages of plant growth and development (PG&D), and environmental changes. The MTs play a pivotal role in PG&D in terms of increased plant height, branches/tiller numbers, enhanced numbers, length and filled panicles per plant, seed yield and grain quality. Dynamic climatic changes disturbed the ionic balance (salt, drought and heavy metals) and sugar supply (cold and heat stress). Due to poor selectivity, some of the MTs also uptake toxic elements in the roots that negatively impact on PG&D, later on also exported to upper parts and then deteriorate the grain quality. As an adaptive strategy, in response to salt and HMs plants activated PM and VM localized MTs that export toxic elements into vacuole, and also translocate in the root’s tips and shoot. However, in case of drought, cold and heat stresses, MTs increased the water and sugar supply to all organs. In this review, we mainly reviewed recent literature from Arabidopsis, halophytes, and major field crops such as rice, wheat, maize and oilseed rape to argue on the global role of MTs in PG&D and abiotic stress tolerance. We also discussed the gene expression level changes and genomic variations within a species as well as within a family in response to developmental and environmental cues.

scholarly journals The Role of Membrane Transporters in Plant Growth and Development, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12792
Author(s):  
Rafaqat Ali Gill ◽  
Sunny Ahmar ◽  
Basharat Ali ◽  
Muhammad Hamzah Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Umar Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Membrane Transporters ◽  
Plant Growth And Development

The proteins of membrane transporters (MTs) are embedded within membrane-bounded organelles and are the prime targets for improvements in the efficiency of water and nutrient transportation. Their function is to maintain cellular homeostasis by controlling ionic movements across cellular channels from roots to upper plant parts, xylem loading and remobilization of sugar molecules from photosynthesis tissues in the leaf (source) to roots, stem and seeds (sink) via phloem loading. The plant’s entire source-to-sink relationship is regulated by multiple transporting proteins in a highly sophisticated manner and driven based on different stages of plant growth and development (PG&D) and environmental changes. The MTs play a pivotal role in PG&D in terms of increased plant height, branches/tiller numbers, enhanced numbers, length and filled panicles per plant, seed yield and grain quality. Dynamic climatic changes disturbed ionic balance (salt, drought and heavy metals) and sugar supply (cold and heat stress) in plants. Due to poor selectivity, some of the MTs also uptake toxic elements in roots negatively impact PG&D and are later on also exported to upper parts where they deteriorate grain quality. As an adaptive strategy, in response to salt and heavy metals, plants activate plasma membranes and vacuolar membrane-localized MTs that export toxic elements into vacuole and also translocate in the root’s tips and shoot. However, in case of drought, cold and heat stresses, MTs increased water and sugar supplies to all organs. In this review, we mainly review recent literature from Arabidopsis, halophytes and major field crops such as rice, wheat, maize and oilseed rape in order to argue the global role of MTs in PG&D, and abiotic stress tolerance. We also discussed gene expression level changes and genomic variations within a species as well as within a family in response to developmental and environmental cues.

scholarly journals Polyamine Oxidases Play Various Roles in Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Yu ◽  
Dongyu Jia ◽  
Taibo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polyamine Oxidases ◽  
Back Conversion

Polyamines not only play roles in plant growth and development, but also adapt to environmental stresses. Polyamines can be oxidized by copper-containing diamine oxidases (CuAOs) and flavin-containing polyamine oxidases (PAOs). Two types of PAOs exist in the plant kingdom; one type catalyzes the back conversion (BC-type) pathway and the other catalyzes the terminal catabolism (TC-type) pathway. The catabolic features and biological functions of plant PAOs have been investigated in various plants in the past years. In this review, we focus on the advance of PAO studies in rice, Arabidopsis, and tomato, and other plant species.

scholarly journals Down-Regulation of SlGRAS10 in Tomato Confers Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Sidra Habib ◽  
Yee Yee Lwin ◽  
Ning Li
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Down Regulation

Adverse environmental factors like salt stress, drought, and extreme temperatures, cause damage to plant growth, development, and crop yield. GRAS transcription factors (TFs) have numerous functions in biological processes. Some studies have reported that the GRAS protein family plays significant functions in plant growth and development under abiotic stresses. In this study, we demonstrated the functional characterization of a tomato SlGRAS10 gene under abiotic stresses such as salt stress and drought. Down-regulation of SlGRAS10 by RNA interference (RNAi) produced dwarf plants with smaller leaves, internode lengths, and enhanced flavonoid accumulation. We studied the effects of abiotic stresses on RNAi and wild-type (WT) plants. Moreover, SlGRAS10-RNAi plants were more tolerant to abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and Abscisic acid) than the WT plants. Down-regulation of SlGRAS10 significantly enhanced the expressions of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to reduce the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2− and H2O2. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents were remarkably high in SlGRAS10-RNAi plants. Furthermore, the expression levels of chlorophyll biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and stress-related genes were also enhanced under abiotic stress conditions. Collectively, our conclusions emphasized the significant function of SlGRAS10 as a stress tolerate transcription factor in a certain variety of abiotic stress tolerance by enhancing osmotic potential, flavonoid biosynthesis, and ROS scavenging system in the tomato plant.

scholarly journals WRKY Proteins: Signaling and Regulation of Expression during Abiotic Stress Responses

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Banerjee ◽  
Aryadeep Roychoudhury
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Signaling ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stress ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
Wrky Proteins

WRKY proteins are emerging players in plant signaling and have been thoroughly reported to play important roles in plants under biotic stress like pathogen attack. However, recent advances in this field do reveal the enormous significance of these proteins in eliciting responses induced by abiotic stresses. WRKY proteins act as major transcription factors, either as positive or negative regulators. Specific WRKY factors which help in the expression of a cluster of stress-responsive genes are being targeted and genetically modified to induce improved abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The knowledge regarding the signaling cascade leading to the activation of the WRKY proteins, their interaction with other proteins of the signaling pathway, and the downstream genes activated by them are altogether vital for justified targeting of theWRKYgenes. WRKY proteins have also been considered to generate tolerance against multiple abiotic stresses with possible roles in mediating a cross talk between abiotic and biotic stress responses. In this review, we have reckoned the diverse signaling pattern and biological functions of WRKY proteins throughout the plant kingdom along with the growing prospects in this field of research.

CRISPR-mediated genome editing in maize for improved abiotic stress tolerance.

2021 ◽  
pp. 405-420
Author(s):  
Ali Razzaq ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa ◽  
Muhammad Amjad Ali ◽  
Muhammad Sarwar Khan ◽  
Faiz Ahmad Joyia
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Maize Genome ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Genome Manipulation

Abstract This chapter discusses the applications of CRISPR-mediated genome editing to improve the abiotic stress tolerance (such as drought, heat, waterlogging and cold tolerance) of maize. CRISPR/Cas9 has great potential for maize genome manipulation at desired sites. By using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, numerous genes can be targeted to produce elite maize cultivars that minimize the challenges of abiotic stresses. In the future, more precise and accurate variants of the CRISPR/Cas9 toolbox are expected to be used for maize yield improvement.

scholarly journals Role of myo-inositol during skotomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Sharma ◽  
Chanderkant Chaudhary ◽  
Paramjit Khurana
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Inositol Phosphate ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Apical Hook ◽  
Ethylene Response

Abstract Myo-inositol is a ubiquitous metabolite of plants. It is synthesized by a highly conserved enzyme L-myo-inositol phosphate synthase (MIPS; EC 5.5.1.4). Myo-inositol is well characterized during abiotic stress tolerance but its role during growth and development is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that the apical hook maintenance and hypocotyl growth depend on myo-inositol. We discovered the myo-inositol role during hook formation and its maintenance via ethylene pathway in Arabidopsis by supplementation assays and qPCR. Our results suggest an essential requirement of myo-inositol for mediating the ethylene response and its interaction with brassinosteroid to regulate the skotomorphogenesis. A model is proposed outlining how MIPS regulates apical hook formation and hypocotyl growth.

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