scholarly journals Prevalence and Clinical Profiling of Dysglycemia and HIV infection in Persons with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Arriaga ◽  
Mariana Araujo-Pereira ◽  
Beatriz Barreto-Duarte ◽  
Caio Sales ◽  
Joao Miguez-Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Positive Sputum Smear ◽  
Negative Sputum ◽  
Alcohol Users

Background: There are scarce data on the prevalence and disease presentation of HIV in patients with tuberculosis (TB) and dysglycemia (diabetes [DM] and prediabetes [PDM]), especially in TB-endemic countries. Methods: We assessed the baseline epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB, enrolled in a multicenter prospective cohort in Brazil (RePORT-Brazil) during 2015-2019. Dysglycemia was defined by elevated glycated hemoglobin and stratified as PDM or DM. Additionally, we used data from TB cases obtained through the Brazilian National Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), during 2015-2019. In SINAN, diagnosis of diabetes was based on self-report. Logistic regression models were performed to test independent associations between HIV, dysglycemia status, and other baseline characteristics in both cohorts. Results: In the RePORT-Brazil cohort, the prevalence of DM and of PDM was 23.7% and 37.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the prevalence of HIV was 21.4% in the group of persons with TB-dysglycemia and 20.5% in that of patients with TBDM. In the SINAN cohort, the prevalence of DM was 9.2%, and among the TBDM group the prevalence of HIV was 4.1%. Logistic regressions demonstrated that aging was independently associated with PDM or DM in both the RePORT-Brazil and SINAN cohorts. In RePORT-Brazil, illicit drug use was associated with PDM, whereas a higher body mass index (BMI) was associated with DM occurrence. Of note, HIV was not associated with an increased risk of PDM or DM in patients with pulmonary TB in both cohorts. Moreover, in both cohorts, the TBDM-HIV group presented with a lower proportion of positive sputum smear and a higher frequency of tobacco and alcohol users. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of dysglycemia in patients with pulmonary TB in Brazil, regardless of the HIV status. This reinforces the idea that DM should be systematically screened in persons with TB. Presence of HIV does not substantially impact clinical presentation in persons with TBDM, although it is associated with more frequent use of recreational drugs and smear negative sputum samples during TB screening.

Identifikasi Bakteri Tahan Asam (BTA) pada Pasien Suspek Tuberculosis di Puskesmas Ngronggot, Kabupaten Nganjuk, Jawa Timur

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Yuliana Prasetyaningsih ◽  
Yona Yualita Kalisty ◽  
Eni Kurniati
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
District Health ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Smear Examination ◽  
Suspected Tuberculosis ◽  
Positive Sputum Smear ◽  
Negative Sputum ◽  
Sputum Smear Examination

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused byMycobacterium tuberculosis that can invade the lungs as a primary infection which is a major health problem in developing countries. The purpose of this study to identification Acid Resistant Bacteria in patients with symptoms of tuberculosis in the region Ngronggot health center, district Nganjuk. This type of study was a descriptive study. The sample in this study is the sputum of patients with suspected tuberculosis. The study was conducted in district health centers Nganjuk Ngronggot on May 14 to June 30, 2012 were 116 patients with symptoms of cough for more than three weeks and gained 7.76% or 9 people who suffer from tuberculosis with positive sputum smear examination. And the obtained results of 92.24% or 107 people with negative sputum smear examination.

scholarly journals Predictive Role of ADA in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Making the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba Binesh ◽  
Abolhassan Halvani
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Diagnostic Usefulness ◽  
Negative Sputum

Current diagnostic tests for tuberculosis (TB) are time-consuming. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of ADA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with pulmonary TB. A cross-sectional study was performed in Yazd, Iran, between 2009 and 2010. Patients suspected of pulmonary TB with negative sputum smear for AFB were included in the study. Mean ADA levels in BAL fluids were measured and compared between study groups. Sixty-three patients were enrolled in the study among which 15 cases had pulmonary TB, 33 had pulmonary diseases other than TB, and 15 subjects with normal bronchoscopy results were considered as controls. Mean ADA levels in BAL fluid were4.13±2.55,2.42±1.06, and1.93±0.88, respectively. This rate was significantly higher in the pulmonary TB group compared to the other two groups (P=0.001). Using ROC curve with a cut-off value of 3.5 IU/L, the highest sensitivity (57%) and specificity (84%) were obtained in diagnosis of TB. The results showed that although ADA activity in BAL fluid of pulmonary TB patients was higher than those seen in other diseases, a negative test does not rule out pulmonary TB.

scholarly journals 1159 Sleep Traits And Incident Delirium During A Decade Of Follow-up In 173,000 Participants

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A442-A442
Author(s):  
L Gao ◽  
P Li ◽  
L Cui ◽  
O Johnson-Akeju ◽  
K Hu
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Icd 10

Abstract Introduction Delirium is an acute decline in attention and cognition that is with associated long-term cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients. Accumulating evidence points to strong associations between sleep health and disorders of the brain. We tested whether baseline sleep duration, chronotype, daytime dozing, insomnia or sleep apnea predict incident delirium during hospitalization. Methods We studied participants from the UK Biobank who have been followed for up to 10 years until 2017. We included 173,221 participants (mean age 60±5; range 50-71 at baseline) who had at least one episode of hospitalization/surgery and were free from prior episodes of delirium. Delirium diagnosis, hospitalization and surgical events were derived using ICD-10 coding. Multivariate logistic regression models were performed to examine the associations of self-reported baseline sleep duration (<6hrs/6-9h/>9h), daytime dozing (often/rarely), insomnia (often/rarely) and presence of sleep apnea (ICD-10 and self-report) with incident delirium during follow-up. Models were adjusted for demographics, education, Townsend deprivation index, and major confounders (number of hospitalizations/surgical procedures, BMI, diabetes, major cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, major neurological diseases, major respiratory diseases, cancer, alcohol, depression/anxiety, sedatives/sleep aides, antipsychotics, steroids and opioids). Results In total, 1,023 (5.7 per 1,000 subjects) developed delirium. A prior diagnosis of sleep apnea (n=1,294) saw almost a two-fold increased odds (OR 1.96, 95% CI: 1.30-2.30 p=0.001) while those who often had daytime dozing were also at increased risk (OR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.02-1.80, p=0.025). Both these effects were independent of each other. No independent effects on incident delirium were observed from sleep duration, insomnia, or chronotype. Conclusion Certain sleep disturbances, in particular sleep apnea and daytime dozing, are independently associated with an increased risk for developing delirium. Further work is warranted to examine underlying mechanisms and to test whether optimizing sleep health can reduce the risk of developing delirium. Support This work was supported by NIH grants T32GM007592, RF1AG064312, and RF1AG059867.

scholarly journals CORRELATION BETWEEN IFN-ɤ LEVELS, CHEST RADIOGRAPHY AND THE POSITIVITY OF SMEAR SPUTUM IN NEW TB CASES AT THE DR.SOETOMO HOSPITAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Yessy Puspitasari ◽  
Jusak Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Positive Sputum Smear ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Th 1

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease attacking lungs, triggering damage, and pulmonary dysfunction. Host cytokine responses will influence tuberculosis manifestations. The main host immune response is cellular immunity, and Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH). IFN-γ produced by Th-1, is a major cytokine acting to eliminate TB bacteria through macrophage activation. Chest radiography has an important value for the diagnosis of TB, especially in negative sputum smears. Radiological manifestations depend on several factors including host prior to TB exposure, age, and immune status. Sputum smear is also important in diagnosing, and assessing response to treatment of adult pulmonary TB. A cross-sectional study, comprising a total of 36 new pulmonary TB cases at the Dr.Soetomo Hospital who met the inclusion, and exclusion criteria, were establish. Plasma IFN-γ was examined by ELISA. Chest radiography was divided into three categories based on the National Tuberculosis Association of USA. Sputum smear data were taken from medical records. There were significant correlations between IFN-γ plasma levels with chest radiography (r= 0.365; ρ=0.029), IFN-γ with positive sputum smear (r= 0.447; ρ=0.006), positive sputum smear with chest radiography (r=0.674; ρ=0.001) IFN-γ plasma levels could reflect lesion area on chest radiography, and sputum smear positivity. IFN-γ plasma levels, chest radigraphy, and sputum positivity may reflect a Th-1immune response, so the more severe level of diseases, an immune response Th-1 become more activated. 

Seasonality of reported tuberculosis cases from 2006 to 2010 in Wuhan, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (10) ◽  
pp. 2036-2048 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. LUO ◽  
A. SUMI ◽  
D. ZHOU ◽  
N. KOBAYASHI ◽  
K. MISE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Smear Negative

SUMMARYWe investigated the seasonality of tuberculosis (TB) in Wuhan, China, to evaluate the increased risk of disease transmission during each season and to develop an effective TB control strategy. We applied spectral analysis to the weekly prevalence data of sputum smear positive (SSP) and sputum smear negative (SSN) pulmonary TB reported from 2006 to 2010. Cases of both SSP and SSN feature 1·0- and 0·5-year periodic modes. The least squares method was used to fit curves to the two periodic modes for SSP and SSN data. The curves demonstrated dominant peaks in spring similar to cases reported previously for other locations. Notably for SSP, dominant peaks were also observed in summer. The spring peaks of SSP and SSN were explained in terms of poorly ventilated and humid rooms and vitamin D deficiency. For the summer peaks of SSP, summer influenza epidemics in Wuhan may contribute to the increase in TB prevalence.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Overview and Management of Adult Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Inpatient at RSU Royal Prima Medan in 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-235
Author(s):  
Dewi Sartika ◽  
Nerseri Barus
Keyword(s):  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Medical Record Data ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Main Complaint ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Positive Sputum Smear ◽  
Sputum Smear Examination

Tuberculosis is an inflammatory disease of the lung parenchyma caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This research aims to find out the description of the diagnosis and management of adult pulmonary TB patients hospitalized at RSU Royal Prima Medan in 2020. This study is a descriptive study. This study is based on medical record data on inpatients with a diagnosis of pulmonary TB at the Royal Prima General Hospital Medan in 2020. The youngest patient was 18 years old and the oldest was 82 years old. The main complaint was shortness of breath (53%), additional complaints were cough (48%), symmetrical physical examination of the thorax (91%), positive sputum smear examination (72%), combined medical management of pulmicort + fumadryl + paracetamol + levofloxacin + OAT category I (72%), the longest length of stay was 7-8 days (38%), the shortest was 11-12 days (1%). In conclusion, pulmonary TB occurs more in men in the 37- 45 year age group (22%), the most complaints are shortness of breath (53%), and the most widely used combination treatment is pulmicort + fumadryl + paracetamol + levofloxacin + drugs anti tuberculosis category I (72%).

Ethical Issues Relevant to the Assessment of Suicide Risk in Nonclinical Research Settings

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Wilson ◽  
Bruce K. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Conducting Research

Background: Our laboratory recently confronted this issue while conducting research with undergraduate students at the University of Waterloo (UW). Although our main objective was to examine cognitive and genetic features of individuals with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), the study protocol also entailed the completion of various self-report measures to identify participants deemed at increased risk for suicide. Aims and Methods: This paper seeks to review and discuss the relevant ethical guidelines and legislation that bear upon a psychologist’s obligation to further assess and intervene when research participants reveal that they are at increased risk for suicide. Results and Conclusions: In the current paper we argue that psychologists are ethically impelled to assess and appropriately intervene in cases of suicide risk, even when such risk is revealed within a research context. We also discuss how any such obligation may potentially be modulated by the research participant’s expectations of the role of a psychologist, within such a context. Although the focus of the current paper is on the ethical obligations of psychologists, specifically those practicing within Canada, the relevance of this paper extends to all regulated health professionals conducting research in nonclinical settings.

Do Migrants Receive Tuberculosis Education in China? Evidence From the China Migrants Dynamic Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 109019812110003
Author(s):  
Zheng Zhu ◽  
Mengdi Guo ◽  
Tingyue Dong ◽  
Beibei Gong ◽  
Xia Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Primary Methods ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Key Population ◽  
Bulletin Boards ◽  
Nationally Representative

Background Migrants are the key population for tuberculosis (TB) transmission in China. However, it remains unknown how many migrants have received TB education and through what means. Objectives To identify the rate and methods of TB education among migrants in China by using nationally representative data. Method This study used secondary data analysis. The data were derived from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey 2014–2017. A total sample of 745,926 migrants was included in the following analysis. Information on TB education was collected through a self-report questionnaire. We used hierarchical logistic regression models to explore the relationship between the independent variables and the receipt of TB education. Results Only 30.4% ( n = 226,458) received TB education. Among all age-groups, participants between 65 and 69 years old had the highest TB education rate (33.4%). Bulletin boards (86.5%–91%), media (73% to 86.7%), and books/magazines (59.2%–67.4%) were the most common ways for migrants to receive TB education. Conclusions Our study showed the rates of TB education in each region of China and indicated the significant disparity among the seven regions. Traditional media, off-line medical consultation, community advocacy, and bulletin boards should be the primary methods of delivering TB education. TB education campaigns targeting migrants with a low socioeconomic status should be actively promoted.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document