scholarly journals Effect of perceived discrimination on depression and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a large-scale, repeated-measures study in the All of Us Research Program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younga H. Lee ◽  
Zhaowen Liu ◽  
Daniel Fatori ◽  
Joshua R. Bauermeister ◽  
Rebecca A. Luh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inverse Probability Weights ◽  
Patient Health

AbstractObjectiveThe COVID-19 pandemic has coincided with an increase in depressive symptoms as well as a growing awareness of health disparities and discrimination against racial and ethnic minority communities in the United States. Here, we examine the mental health impact of perceived discrimination during the pandemic in a large and diverse cohort of the All of Us Research Program.MethodsUsing repeated assessments of 62,651 participants in May to July of 2020, we fitted mixed-effects models to assess the effect of perceived discrimination on moderate to severe depression (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 ≥ 10) and suicidal ideation (PHQ-9 item 9 > 0), and applied inverse probability weights to account for non-random probabilities of completing the voluntary survey.ResultsPerceived discrimination was associated with an increased odds of depression (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) [95% CI]: 1.21 [1.20 -1.22]) and suicidal ideation (1.17 [1.16-1.18]). For depression, the effects were larger in earlier phases of the pandemic (interaction p=8.2×10−5), which varied by main reason for discrimination and self-reported race. Among those who identified race or ancestry as a primary reason for discrimination, Asian and Black participants had 24% and 17% increase in the odds of depression in May of 2020 (1.24 [1.17-1.31] and 1.17 [1.12-1.22]), respectively, versus a 3% and 7% increase in July (1.03 [0.96-1.10] and 1.07 [1.02-1.12]).ConclusionIn this large and diverse sample, increased levels of perceived discrimination were associated with higher odds of depression, particularly during the early phase of the pandemic among participants self-identifying as Asian or Black.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of Nicotine Regulatory Policies in a Rapidly Changing Market: Findings From the ITC Project in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, and Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
K. Michael Cummings ◽  
Geoffrey T. Fong ◽  
Ron Borland ◽  
Ann McNeill ◽  
Richard J. O’Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Impact ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
The Impact

PURPOSE Tobacco smoking is the leading preventable cause of death, projected to claim up to one billion deaths in the 21st century. Smoking is the leading cause of cancer, accounting for approximately 30% of cancer cases globally. The recent surge in nicotine vaping products (NVPs), such as e-cigarettes, has led to astounding global changes in the tobacco/nicotine landscape, prompting vigorous debate about whether these products represent a positive or negative public health impact. METHODS In 2016, the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Project created a multimethod program of 5 linked projects to examine NVP design/content, the interplay between NVPs and cigarettes in adults and youth, the impact of NVP regulations, and implications of NVPs on public health in 4 countries that vary in regulatory approach to NVPs: the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia—the first ever multicountry longitudinal study of e-cigarettes and other NVPs. RESULTS This presentation will describe the overall research program and then review key findings from these 5 linked international projects: the ITC Four-Country Adult Smoking and Vaping Survey, the ITC International Youth Smoking and Vaping Survey, the ITC product testing project, the experimental marketplace project, and the simulation study estimating the impact of different parameters, including the prevalence of NVP use and restrictiveness of policies on NVPs. The overall objective of these ITC projects was to evaluate and understand the impact of different policies on the uptake, use, reasons for use, and impact of use among youth and among adults over time and across countries. CONCLUSION The ITC project’s multimethod, multicountry research program illustrates the unique value of cross-country research to examine the public health impact of the evolving nicotine marketplace and of regulations on the broadening array of nicotine products throughout the world.

scholarly journals Ultra-Processed Food Is Positively Associated With Depressive Symptoms Among United States Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwen Zheng ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
Xiaohui Yu ◽  
Dongfeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Patient Health

Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are popular in the United States. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the health impact of UPF. This study is conducted to assess the association between UPF consumption and depressive symptoms among United States adults. Data were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016. Dietary data were obtained through 24-h dietary recall interviews. Depressive symptoms were detected by a nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire; participants with more than 10 points were diagnosed with depressive symptoms. Results of logistic regression revealed a positive association between UPF consumption and depressive symptoms. The study suggests that UPF may increase the risk of depressive symptoms, particularly in people with less exercise.

scholarly journals Relationship between Depression Symptoms and Different Types of Measures of Obesity (BMI, SAD) in US Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Guifang Yang ◽  
Wen Peng ◽  
Hongliang Zhang ◽  
Zhenyu Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Final Study ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Objective. To estimate the relationship between obesity (defined by both BMI and SAD) and various levels of depressive symptoms in women in the United States. Methods. This is a cross-sectional design. All data were collected from NHANES 2011-2012 and 2013-2014. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was the primary variable used to index depressive symptoms. SAD was assessed using an abdominal caliper. We stratified participates into three groups according to SAD (trisection): T1: low (11.8-18.4 cm), T2: middle (18.5-22.8 cm), and T3: high (22.9-40.1 cm). Other data were collected following the NHANES protocols. We aimed to investigate the effects of obesity on the depression in the NHANES populations. Results. A total of 4477 women were enrolled in the final study population. Participants with a high SAD had the highest risk of clinical depression symptoms ( OR = 1.2 , 95% CI: 1.1-1.4), which was, in particular, the case for moderate-severe depression ( OR = 1.4 , 95% CI: 1.1-1.7) and severe depression ( OR = 1.4 , 95% CI: 1.0-1.9). We also found a significant relationship between SAD and BMI ( r = 0.836 ). We did, however, not find a significant relationship between BMI and severe depression. Conclusions. SAD had a better correlation with clinical depression symptoms than BMI, especially regarding severe depression symptoms.

Proportion of Individuals With Past-Year Suicidal Ideation Who Attempted Suicide Over the Past 10 Years in the United States, and the Influence of Age and Sex

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Shannon Lange ◽  
Courtney Bagge ◽  
Charlotte Probst ◽  
Jürgen Rehm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Age Category

Abstract. Background: In recent years, the rate of death by suicide has been increasing disproportionately among females and young adults in the United States. Presumably this trend has been mirrored by the proportion of individuals with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. Aim: We aimed to investigate whether the proportion of individuals in the United States with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide differed by age and/or sex, and whether this proportion has increased over time. Method: Individual-level data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2008–2017, were used to estimate the year-, age category-, and sex-specific proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. We then determined whether this proportion differed by age category, sex, and across years using random-effects meta-regression. Overall, age category- and sex-specific proportions across survey years were estimated using random-effects meta-analyses. Results: Although the proportion was found to be significantly higher among females and those aged 18–25 years, it had not significantly increased over the past 10 years. Limitations: Data were self-reported and restricted to past-year suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Conclusion: The increase in the death by suicide rate in the United States over the past 10 years was not mirrored by the proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide during this period.

Quality Control of Data in a Large-Scale Cancer Register Program

1966 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. I. Lourie ◽  
W. Haenszeland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Cancer Register ◽  
Independent Review ◽  
End Results

Quality control of data collected in the United States by the Cancer End Results Program utilizing punchcards prepared by participating registries in accordance with a Uniform Punchcard Code is discussed. Existing arrangements decentralize responsibility for editing and related data processing to the local registries with centralization of tabulating and statistical services in the End Results Section, National Cancer Institute. The most recent deck of punchcards represented over 600,000 cancer patients; approximately 50,000 newly diagnosed cases are added annually.Mechanical editing and inspection of punchcards and field audits are the principal tools for quality control. Mechanical editing of the punchcards includes testing for blank entries and detection of in-admissable or inconsistent codes. Highly improbable codes are subjected to special scrutiny. Field audits include the drawing of a 1-10 percent random sample of punchcards submitted by a registry; the charts are .then reabstracted and recoded by a NCI staff member and differences between the punchcard and the results of independent review are noted.

Utopias of One

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Kotin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
World War I ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Original Research ◽  
The Soviet Union

This book is a new account of utopian writing. It examines how eight writers—Henry David Thoreau, W. E. B. Du Bois, Osip and Nadezhda Mandel'shtam, Anna Akhmatova, Wallace Stevens, Ezra Pound, and J. H. Prynne—construct utopias of one within and against modernity's two large-scale attempts to harmonize individual and collective interests: liberalism and communism. The book begins in the United States between the buildup to the Civil War and the end of Jim Crow; continues in the Soviet Union between Stalinism and the late Soviet period; and concludes in England and the United States between World War I and the end of the Cold War. In this way it captures how writers from disparate geopolitical contexts resist state and normative power to construct perfect worlds—for themselves alone. The book contributes to debates about literature and politics, presenting innovative arguments about aesthetic difficulty, personal autonomy, and complicity and dissent. It models a new approach to transnational and comparative scholarship, combining original research in English and Russian to illuminate more than a century and a half of literary and political history.

The Obesity Epidemic in Chinese American Youth?: A Literature Review and Pilot Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Matloff ◽  
Angela Lee ◽  
Roland Tang ◽  
Doug Brugge
Keyword(s):  
Asian Americans ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Chinese American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
American Children

Despite nearly 12 million Asian Americans living in the United States and continued immigration, this increasingly substantial subpopulation has consistently been left out of national obesity studies. When included in national studies, Chinese-American children have been grouped together with other Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders or simply as “other,” yielding significantly lower rates of overweight and obesity compared to non-Asians. There is a failure to recognize the ethnic diversity of Asian Americans as well as the effect of acculturation. Results from smaller studies of Chinese American youth suggest that they are adopting lifestyles less Chinese and more Americans and that their share of disease burden is growing. We screened 142 children from the waiting room of a community health center that serves primarily recent Chinese immigrants for height, weight and demographic profile. Body Mass Index was calculated and evaluated using CDC growth charts. Overall, 30.1 percent of children were above the 85th we found being male and being born in the U .S. to be statistically significant for BMI > 85th percentile (p=0.039, p=0.001, respectively). Our results suggest that being overweight in this Chinese American immigrant population is associated with being born in the U.S. A change in public policy and framework for research are required to accurately assess the extent of overweight and obesity in Chinese American children. In particular, large scale data should be stratified by age, sex, birthplace and measure of acculturation to identify those at risk and construct tailored interventions.

THE INFLUENCE OF SCOTTISH ACCOUNTANTS IN THE UNITED STATES: THE EARLY CASE OF THE SOCIETY OF ACCOUNTANTS IN EDINBURGH

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. LEE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Research Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
The World ◽  
Early Case ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chartered Accountants ◽  
The U.S

This study represents part of a long-term research program to investigate the influence of U.K. accountants on the development of professional accountancy in other parts of the world. It examines the impact of a small group of Scottish chartered accountants who emigrated to the U.S. in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Set against a general theory of emigration, the study's main results reveal the significant involvement of this group in the founding and development of U.S. accountancy. The influence is predominantly with respect to public accountancy and its main institutional organizations. Several of the individuals achieved considerable eminence in U.S. public accountancy.

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