scholarly journals The adolescent pattern of sleep spindle development revealed by HD-EEG polisomnography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabor Bocskai ◽  
Adrian Potari ◽  
Ferenc Gombos ◽  
Robert Bodizs ◽  
Ilona Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sleep Spindle ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Functional Relevance ◽  
Spindle Development ◽  
Developmental Analysis

Sleep spindles are developmentally relevant cortical oscillatory patterns; however, they have mostly been studied by considering the entire spindle frequency range (11 to 15 Hz) without a distinction between the functionally and topographically different slow and fast spindles, using relatively few electrodes and analysing wide age-ranges. Here, we employ HD-EEG polysomnography in three age-groups between 12 to 20 years of age, with an equal distribution between the two genders, and analyse the adolescent developmental pattern of the four major parameters of slow and fast sleep spindles. Most of our findings corroborate those very few previous studies that also make a distinction between slow and fast spindles in their developmental analysis. We find spindle frequency increasing with age, although spindle density change is not obvious in our study. We confirm the declining tendencies for amplitude and duration, although within narrower, more specific age-windows than previously. Spindle frequency seems to be higher in females in the oldest age-group. Based on the pattern of our findings, we suggest that HD-EEG, specifically targeting slow and fast spindle ranges and relatively narrow age-ranges would advance the understanding of both adolescent development and the functional relevance of sleep spindles in general.

scholarly journals Spindles are highly heritable as identified by different spindle detectors

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R Goldschmied ◽  
Karine Lacourse ◽  
Greg Maislin ◽  
Jacques Delfrate ◽  
Philip Gehrman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Method ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Sleep Spindle ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
Detector Method ◽  
Scalp Location ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Robust Evidence

Abstract Study Objectives Sleep spindles, a defining feature of stage N2 sleep, are maximal at central electrodes and are found in the frequency range of the electroencephalogram (EEG) (sigma 11–16 Hz) that is known to be heritable. However, relatively little is known about the heritability of spindles. Two recent studies investigating the heritability of spindles reported moderate heritability, but with conflicting results depending on scalp location and spindle type. The present study aimed to definitively assess the heritability of sleep spindle characteristics. Methods We utilized the polysomnography data of 58 monozygotic and 40 dizygotic same-sex twin pairs to identify heritable characteristics of spindles at C3/C4 in stage N2 sleep including density, duration, peak-to-peak amplitude, and oscillation frequency. We implemented and tested a variety of spindle detection algorithms and used two complementary methods of estimating trait heritability. Results We found robust evidence to support strong heritability of spindles regardless of detector method (h2 > 0.8). However not all spindle characteristics were equally heritable, and each spindle detection method produced a different pattern of results. Conclusions The sleep spindle in stage N2 sleep is highly heritable, but the heritability differs for individual spindle characteristics and depends on the spindle detector used for analysis.

scholarly journals Circadian modulation of human sleep spindle frequency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bodizs ◽  
Csenge G Horvath ◽  
Orsolya Szalardy ◽  
Peter P Ujma ◽  
Peter Simor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Frequency Resolution ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Sleep Spindle ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sleep Homeostasis ◽  
Resolution Analysis ◽  
The Individual

Homeostatic and circadian processes play a pivotal role in determining sleep structure, timing and quality. In sharp contrast with the wide accessibility of the EEG index of sleep homeostasis, an electrophysiological measure of the circadian modulation of sleep is still non-available. As a consequence, the circadian component of sleep regulation is assumed, but not assessed in routine polysomnographic records. Available evidence suggests that sleep spindle frequencies are markers of the circadian modulation of sleep. In order to test the above assumption, the Budapest-Munich database of sleep records (N = 251), as well as an afternoon nap sleep record database (N = 112) were analysed by the Individual Adjustment Method of sleep spindle analysis. Slow and fast sleep spindle frequencies were characterized by U-shaped overnight dynamics, with highest values in the first and the fourth-to-fifth sleep cycle and the lowest values in the middle of the sleeping period (cycles 2-3). Age-related attenuation of sleep spindle deceleration was evident. Estimated phases of the nadirs in sleep spindle frequencies were advanced in children as compared to other age groups. Additionally, nap sleep spindles were faster than night sleep spindles (0.57 and 0.39 Hz difference for slow and fast types, respectively). Our findings suggest that the circadian modulation of sleep is measurable by a fine frequency resolution analysis of sleep spindles. Moreover, age-related attenuation of circadian sleep modulation can be measured by assessing the overnight dynamics in sleep spindle frequency. Phase of the minimal sleep spindle frequency is a putative biomarker of chronotype.

The Effect of Collagen Mediated Platelet Release on Plasma Prekallikrein Activation

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (01) ◽  
pp. 037-041 ◽  
Author(s):  
K M Weerasinghe ◽  
M F Scully ◽  
V V Kakkar
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Activated Platelets ◽  
Platelet Release ◽  
Collagen Treatment

SummaryCollagen mediated platelet aggregation caused -5.6 ± 6.7% inhibition and +39.1 ± 15.2% potentiation of prekallikrein activation in plasma from normal healthy volunteers between 20–40 and 50–65 years of age, respectively (n = 15, p <0.01). The amouns of platelet factor-four (PF4) released in the two groups were not significantly different. Collagen treatment in the presence of indomethacin caused +11.5 ± 3.6% and +59.6 ± 19.5% potentiation in the 20–40 and 50–65 age groups respectively (p <0.02). Adrenaline mediated platelet aggregation caused -55.2 ± 7.1% and -35.2 ± 8.3% inhibition in the 20–40 and 50–65 age groups, respectively. Collagen treatment of platelet-deficient-plasma and platelet-rich-plasma in EDTA also caused potentiation of prekallikrein activation.The results indicate that the observed degree of prekallikrein activation after platelet aggregation is a net result of the inhibitory effect of PF4 and the potentiatory effect of activated platelets. The potentiatory effect was greater after collagen treatment as compared to adrenaline treatment, and in the 50–65 age group as compared to the 20–40 age group.

Health and Nutritional Status of Orphan Children’s Living in Orphanages with Special Reference to District Anantnag of Jammu and Kashmir

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashkoor Ahmad Lone ◽  
Dr. P. Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Indian Academy ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

The practice of placing deprived children having least or no emotional and material resources, in orphanages has since long been prevailing in socio -economically poor Asian countries. A sample of 30 children residing in orphanage in district Anantnag in the age group of 13-18 years was selected for the present study. Most of the children were found socially and psychologically disturbed. As per Indian Academy Paediatrics (IAP) classification with respect to weight for age the condition was not bad that as approximately 67% percent of the children were found to be normal. In the same way height for age as per Waterloo’s classification shown that more than half of the children were normal. On clinical examination approximately 47% of children were normal, while as rest were suffering from dispigmentation of hair, moon face, xerosis of skin cheilosis, magenta tongue, spongy bleeding gums, oedema, conjuctival xerosis, and mottled dental enamel. The findings indicated that nutritional intake was deficient for all nutrients when compared to, Recommended Daily Allowances Chart (RDA) for all age groups which may be linked to poor planning of menus in orphanages.

COVID-19 Epigenetics and Implications for Public Health

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verda Tunalıgil ◽  
Gülsen Meral ◽  
Ahmet Katı ◽  
Dhrubajyoti Chattopadhyay ◽  
Amit Kumar Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

Abstract:: Epigenetic changes in COVID-19 host, a pandemic-causing infectious agent that globally incapacitated communities in varying complexities and capacities are discussed, proposing an analogy that epigenetic processes contribute to disease severity and elevate the risk for death from infection. Percentages of hospitalization, with and without intensive care, in the presence of diseases with increased ACE2 expression, were compared, based on the best available data. Further analysis compared two different age groups, 19-64 and ≥65 years of age. The COVID-19 disease is observed to be the most severe in the 65-and-higher-age group with preexisting chronic conditions. This observational study is a non-experimental empirical investigation of the outcomes of COVID-19 in different patient groups. Results are promising for conducting clinical trials with intervention groups. To ultimately succeed in disease prevention, researchers and clinicians must integrate epigenetic mechanisms to generate valid prescriptions for global well-being.

scholarly journals Tower Running—Participation, Performance Trends, and Sex Difference

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Stark ◽  
Stefania Di Gangi ◽  
Caio Victor Sousa ◽  
Pantelis Nikolaidis ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Performance Trends ◽  
The Difference

Though there are exhaustive data about participation, performance trends, and sex differences in performance in different running disciplines and races, no study has analyzed these trends in stair climbing and tower running. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate these trends in tower running. The data, consisting of 28,203 observations from 24,007 climbers between 2014 and 2019, were analyzed. The effects of sex and age, together with the tower characteristics (i.e., stairs and floors), were examined through a multivariable statistical model with random effects on intercept, at climber’s level, accounting for repeated measurements. Men were faster than women in each age group (p < 0.001 for ages ≤69 years, p = 0.003 for ages > 69 years), and the difference in performance stayed around 0.20 km/h, with a minimum of 0.17 at the oldest age. However, women were able to outperform men in specific situations: (i) in smaller buildings (<600 stairs), for ages between 30 and 59 years and >69 years; (ii) in higher buildings (>2200 stairs), for age groups <20 years and 60–69 years; and (iii) in buildings with 1600–2200 stairs, for ages >69 years. In summary, men were faster than women in this specific running discipline; however, women were able to outperform men in very specific situations (i.e., specific age groups and specific numbers of stairs).

scholarly journals Ten-year trends of hypertension treatment and control rate in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-il Kim ◽  
Eunjeong Ji ◽  
Jung-yeon Choi ◽  
Sun-wook Kim ◽  
Soyeon Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hypertension Treatment ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
And Control

AbstractWe analyzed the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) database to determine the trends of hypertension treatment and control rate in Korea over the past 10 years. In addition, we tried to investigate the effect of chronic medical conditions on hypertension management. We investigated the hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rate from 2008 to 2017. KNHANES, which uses a stratified multistage sampling design, is a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey conducted by the Korean government. A total of 59,282 adults (≥ 20 years) were included, which was representative of the total population of around 40 million Koreans per year. The mean age was 50.7 ± 16.4 years and 42.6% were male. The prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and obesity significantly increased over the 10 years. During this period, the hypertension treatment and control rate significantly improved. Hypertension treatment rate was significantly lower in the younger age group compared to the older age group, but the control rate among the treated patients was not significantly different between age groups. The treatment and control rates of hypertension were higher in patients with multimorbidity, which implies that it has a favorable effect on the treatment and control of hypertension. Hypertension treatment and control rate have improved over the past 10 years. The higher treatment and control rate in patients with multimorbidity suggest that the more aggressive surveillance might be associated with the improvement of hypertension treatment and control rate in Korea.

scholarly journals A Study of Varicella Seroprevalence in a Pediatric and Adolescent Population in Florence (Italy). Natural Infection and Vaccination-Acquired Immunization

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Beatrice Zanella ◽  
Angela Bechini ◽  
Benedetta Bonito ◽  
Marco Del Riccio ◽  
Alessandra Ninci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Varicella Vaccination ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Disease Notification ◽  
Test Elisa ◽  
Vaccine Schedule ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Dose Vaccine

Background: Varicella is a well-known infectious disease that can have severe complications, also in young children. The Universal Varicella Vaccination (UVV) program was introduced in Tuscany (Italy) in 2003, with a two-dose vaccine schedule given to children between their 13th and 15th month, and at 5–6 years old, as a monovalent for varicella (V) or tetravalent (measles, mumps, rubella and varicella (MMRV)) formulation. Although varicella notifications have dramatically fallen in the last two decades, varicella disease underreporting remains a challenge. Methods: A qualitative immunoenzymatic test (ELISA) was used to measure the presence of anti-varicella antibodies in 165 sera of subjects aged 1–18 years residing in the province of Florence (Italy). Information regarding the anamnestic and vaccination status (including disease notification) was also collected. Results: Our study showed an overall varicella seropositivity of 75.8% (reaching the maximum at 96.3% in the 15–18 years age group). We found that varicella disease notification had been recorded for only 7/165 subjects; however, since 42/165 recalled having had the disease, we can hypothesize that some of them must have been underreported. Furthermore, our study showed that the presence of antibodies after the varicella vaccination remained over time, lasting up to 12 years. Conclusions: Although varicella seroprevalence is <95% in almost all our age groups (except for the 15–18 years age group), our data are encouraging and reflect the success of the introduction of the UVV program and the vaccination campaigns promoted in the Tuscany region.

scholarly journals One Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Galicia: A Global View of Age-Group Statistics during Three Waves

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5104
Author(s):  
Iván Area ◽  
Henrique Lorenzo ◽  
Pedro J. Marcos ◽  
Juan J. Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global View ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
One Year

In this work we look at the past in order to analyze four key variables after one year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Galicia (NW Spain): new infected, hospital admissions, intensive care unit admissions and deceased. The analysis is presented by age group, comparing at each stage the percentage of the corresponding group with its representation in the society. The time period analyzed covers 1 March 2020 to 1 April 2021, and includes the influence of the B.1.1.7 lineage of COVID-19 which in April 2021 was behind 90% of new cases in Galicia. It is numerically shown how the pandemic affects the age groups 80+, 70+ and 60+, and therefore we give information about how the vaccination process could be scheduled and hints at why the pandemic had different effects in different territories.

scholarly journals Correlation between age, sex, and severity of Coronavirus disease-19 based on chest computed tomography severity scoring system

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimaa Farghaly ◽  
Marwa Makboul
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Severity Scoring ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the most recent global health emergency; early diagnosis of COVID-19 is very important for rapid clinical interventions and patient isolation; chest computed tomography (CT) plays an important role in screening, diagnosis, and evaluating the progress of the disease. According to the results of different studies, due to high severity of the disease, clinicians should be aware of the different potential risk factors associated with the fatal outcome, so chest CT severity scoring system was designed for semi-quantitative assessment of the severity of lung disease in COVID-19 patients, ranking the pulmonary involvement on 25 points severity scale according to extent of lung abnormalities; this study aims to evaluate retrospectively the relationship between age and severity of COVID-19 in both sexes based on chest CT severity scoring system. Results Age group C (40–49 year) was the commonest age group that was affected by COVID-19 by 21.3%, while the least affected group was group F (≥ 70 years) by only 6.4%. As regards COVID-RADS classification, COVID-RADS-3 was the most commonly presented at both sexes in all different age groups. Total CT severity lung score had a positive strong significant correlation with the age of the patient (r = 0.64, P < 0.001). Also, a positive strong significant correlation was observed between CT severity lung score and age in both males and females (r = 0.59, P < 0.001) and (r = 0.69, P < 0.001) respectively. Conclusion We concluded that age can be considered as a significant risk factor for the severity of COVID-19 in both sexes. Also, CT can be used as a significant diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and evaluation of the progression and severity of the disease.

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