scholarly journals Durability and cross-reactivity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in adolescent children

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Burns ◽  
Yannic Bartsch ◽  
Brittany Boribong ◽  
Maggie Loiselle ◽  
Jameson Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Recent Recommendation ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
Induced Immunity ◽  
Over Time

Importance: Emergent SARS-CoV-2 variants and waning humoral immunity in vaccinated individuals are causing increased infections and hospitalizations. Children are not spared from infection nor complications of COVID-19, and the recent recommendation for boosters in individuals ages 12 years or older calls for broader understanding of the adolescent immune profile after mRNA vaccination. Objective: We sought to test the durability and cross-reactivity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 serologic responses over a six-month time course in vaccinated adolescents against the wildtype and Omicron antigens. Design, Setting and Participants: Adolescents who received a full (two-dose) series of the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccination participated in this longitudinal cohort study from May 2021 to January 2022. Blood samples were collected in clinical settings from thirty-one adolescents, nineteen of whom provided samples at four timepoints (prior to vaccination, two to three weeks after first dose, two to four weeks after second dose and six months after complete series). Sera were analyzed for antibody responses against wildtype and Omicron variant SARS-CoV-2-specific proteins. Main Outcomes and Measures: The main outcome was to analyze vaccine-induced immune responses over time by ELISA, as well as their cross-reactivity between antibody responses against wildtype SARS-CoV-2 and the Omicron variant of concern. Results: Thirty-one adolescents provided a blood sample for at least one timepoint. The median age of the cohort was 13.9 years. Half of the cohort was male, and one quarter of the population was Hispanic. Anti-Spike and anti-RBD antibodies waned after six months, nearing pre-vaccination levels. After the second dose of the vaccine, adolescent children displayed equal sensitivity for the Omicron-RBD and wildtype SARS-CoV-2-RBD, as well as an upward trend of Omicron-reactive antibodies six months after vaccination. Waning mRNA vaccine-induced immunity in adolescents highlights a vulnerability in pediatric protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions and Relevance: Vaccine-induced immunity wanes in adolescents over time to near pre-vaccinated levels. Cross-reactivity of antibodies generated by adolescents display efficacy against Omicron. These findings highlight the need for SARS-CoV-2 boosters to protect adolescents from highly infectious variants, illness and post-COVID-19 complications.

scholarly journals Waning antibody responses in COVID-19: what can we learn from the analysis of other coronaviruses?

Infection ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hamady ◽  
JinJu Lee ◽  
Zuzanna A. Loboda
Keyword(s):  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
Antibody Dynamics

Abstract Objectives The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel betacoronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic in March 2020. Due to the continuing surge in incidence and mortality globally, determining whether protective, long-term immunity develops after initial infection or vaccination has become critical. Methods/Results In this narrative review, we evaluate the latest understanding of antibody-mediated immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and to other coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the four endemic human coronaviruses) in order to predict the consequences of antibody waning on long-term immunity against SARS-CoV-2. We summarise their antibody dynamics, including the potential effects of cross-reactivity and antibody waning on vaccination and other public health strategies. At present, based on our comparison with other coronaviruses we estimate that natural antibody-mediated protection for SARS-CoV-2 is likely to last for 1–2 years and therefore, if vaccine-induced antibodies follow a similar course, booster doses may be required. However, other factors such as memory B- and T-cells and new viral strains will also affect the duration of both natural and vaccine-mediated immunity. Conclusion Overall, antibody titres required for protection are yet to be established and inaccuracies of serological methods may be affecting this. We expect that with standardisation of serological testing and studies with longer follow-up, the implications of antibody waning will become clearer.

scholarly journals Monitoring urinary collagen metabolite changes following collagen peptide ingestion and physical activity using ELISA with anti active collagen oligopeptide antibody

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Osawa ◽  
Kaho Nomura ◽  
Yoshifumi Kimira ◽  
Seiji Kushibe ◽  
Ken-ichi Takeyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
University Student ◽  
Collagen Metabolism ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Urinary Level ◽  
Collagen Peptide ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
Over Time

AbstractActive collagen oligopeptides (ACOP) are bioactive collagen-derived peptides detected by a recently-established ELISA. To facilitate studies of the function and metabolism of these products, this study aims to determine which of these peptides is recognized by a novel anti-ACOP antibody used in this ELISA. We then investigate the effect of collagen peptide (CP) ingestion and exercise on urinary ACOP concentrations in a cohort of university student athletes using colorimetric, LC–MS/MS, and ELISA. We observed that the antibody showed strong cross-reactivity to Pro-Hyp and Gly-Pro-Hyp and weak cross-reactivity to commercial CP. CP ingestion increased the urinary level of ACOP over time, which correlated highly with urinary levels of peptide forms of Hyp and Pro-Hyp. Physical activity significantly decreased the urinary ACOP level. This study demonstrates changes in urinary ACOP following oral CP intake and physical activity using ELISA with the novel anti-ACOP antibody. Thus, ACOP may be useful as a new biomarker for collagen metabolism.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses 3 Months Post Complete Vaccination with BNT162b2; A Prospective Study in 283 Health Workers

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1942
Author(s):  
Evangelos Terpos ◽  
Ioannis P. Trougakos ◽  
Vangelis Karalis ◽  
Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos ◽  
Sentiljana Gumeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Over Time

The aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-S-RBD IgGs up to three months after the second vaccination dose with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. NAbs and anti-S-RBD levels were measured on days 1 (before the first vaccine shot), 8, 22 (before the second shot), 36, 50, and three months after the second vaccination (D111) (NCT04743388). 283 health workers were included in this study. NAbs showed a rapid increase from D8 to D36 at a constant rate of about 3% per day and reached a median (SD) of 97.2% (4.7) at D36. From D36 to D50, a slight decrease in NAbs values was detected and it became more prominent between D50 and D111 when the rate of decline was determined at −0.11 per day. The median (SD) NAbs value at D111 was 92.7% (11.8). A similar pattern was also observed for anti-S-RBD antibodies. Anti-S-RBDs showed a steeper increase during D22–D36 and a lower decline rate during D36–D111. Prior COVID-19 infection and younger age were associated with superior antibody responses over time. In conclusion, we found a persistent but declining anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity at 3 months following full vaccination with BNT162b2 in healthy individuals.

scholarly journals Importance of serological cross-reactivity amongToxoplasma gondii, Hammondiaspp.,Neosporaspp.,Sarcocystisspp. andBesnoitia besnoiti

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (7) ◽  
pp. 851-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUÍS F. P. GONDIM ◽  
JOSÉ R. MINEO ◽  
GEREON SCHARES
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Besnoitia Besnoiti ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Species Specific

SUMMARYToxoplasma gondii, Neosporaspp.,Sarcocystisspp.,Hammondiaspp. andBesnoitia besnoitiare genetically related cyst-forming coccidia. Serology is frequently used for the identification ofT. gondii, Neosporaspp. andB. besnoiti-exposed individuals. Serologic cross-reactions occur in different tests among animals infected withT. gondiiandH. hammondi,as well as among animals infected byT. gondiiandN. caninum. Infections caused byN. caninumandN. hughesiare almost indistinguishable by serology.Neospora caninum, B. besnoitiandSarcocystisspp. infections in cattle show some degree of serologic cross-reactivity. Antibody cross-reactivity betweenNeosporaspp. andH. heydorni-infected animals is suspected, but not proven to occur. We review serologic cross-reactivity among animals and/or humans infected withT. gondii, Neosporaspp.,Sarcocystisspp.,Hammondiaspp. andB. besnoiti. Emphasis is laid upon antigens and serological methods forN. caninumdiagnosis which were tested for cross-reactivity with related protozoa. Species-specific antigens, as well as stage-specific proteins have been identified in some of these parasites and have promising use for diagnosis and epidemiological surveys.

scholarly journals Jonckheere–Terpstra–Kendall-based non-parametric analysis of temporal differential gene expression

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Iuchi ◽  
Michiaki Hamada
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Non Parametric

Abstract Time-course experiments using parallel sequencers have the potential to uncover gradual changes in cells over time that cannot be observed in a two-point comparison. An essential step in time-series data analysis is the identification of temporal differentially expressed genes (TEGs) under two conditions (e.g. control versus case). Model-based approaches, which are typical TEG detection methods, often set one parameter (e.g. degree or degree of freedom) for one dataset. This approach risks modeling of linearly increasing genes with higher-order functions, or fitting of cyclic gene expression with linear functions, thereby leading to false positives/negatives. Here, we present a Jonckheere–Terpstra–Kendall (JTK)-based non-parametric algorithm for TEG detection. Benchmarks, using simulation data, show that the JTK-based approach outperforms existing methods, especially in long time-series experiments. Additionally, application of JTK in the analysis of time-series RNA-seq data from seven tissue types, across developmental stages in mouse and rat, suggested that the wave pattern contributes to the TEG identification of JTK, not the difference in expression levels. This result suggests that JTK is a suitable algorithm when focusing on expression patterns over time rather than expression levels, such as comparisons between different species. These results show that JTK is an excellent candidate for TEG detection.

Decomposition of Growth Curves into Growth Rate and Acceleration: a Novel Procedure to Monitor Bacterial Growth and the Time-Dependent Effect of Antimicrobials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Luisa Navarro-Pérez ◽  
M. Coronada Fernández-Calderón ◽  
Virginia Vadillo-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Predictive Microbiology ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

In this paper, a simple numerical procedure is presented to monitor the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis over time in the absence and presence of propolis, a natural antimicrobial. In particular, it is shown that the real-time decomposition of growth curves obtained through optical density measurements into growth rate and acceleration can be a powerful tool to precisely assess a large range of key parameters [ i.e. lag time ( t 0 ), starting growth rate ( γ 0 ), initial acceleration of the growth ( a 0 ), maximum growth rate ( γ max ), maximum acceleration ( a max ) and deceleration ( a min ) of the growth and the total number of cells at the beginning of the saturation phase ( N s )] that can be readily used to fully describe growth over time. Consequently, the procedure presented provides precise data of the time course of the different growth phases and features, which is expected to be relevant, for instance, to thoroughly evaluate the effect of new antimicrobial agents. It further provides insight into predictive microbiology, likely having important implications to assumptions adopted in mathematical models to predict the progress of bacterial growth. Importance: The new and simple numerical procedure presented in this paper to analyze bacterial growth will possibly allow identifying true differences in efficacy among antimicrobial drugs for their applications in human health, food security, and environment, among others. It further provides insight into predictive microbiology, likely helping in the development of proper mathematical models to predict the course of bacterial growth under diverse circumstances.

Sleep Disorder Over Time: Psychiatric Correlates Among Males

1980 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervey Sweetwood ◽  
Igor Grant ◽  
Daniel F. Kripke ◽  
Marvin S. Gerst ◽  
Joel Yager
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽  
Over Time

SummaryThis 18 month prospective study assessed the time course of sleep disturbances in 85 male psychiatric out-patients and 103 male non-patients. Over one-third of the patients and 5 per cent of the non-patients reported frequent symptoms of insomnia during at least 14 of the 18 months. Frequency and chronicity of insomnia were strongly associated with intensity of psychiatric symptomatology, but not with diagnosis. Minor tranquillizers and hypnotics were used frequently by patients and occasionally by non-patients, but there was little indication that they altered the course of insomnia.

T-cell and antibody responses to phospholipase A2 from different species show distinct cross-reactivity patterns

Allergy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 1513-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Sin ◽  
M. Akdis ◽  
J. Zumkehr ◽  
S. Bezzine ◽  
C. Bekpen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Antibody Responses

scholarly journals Predicting context specific enhancer-promoter interactions from ChIP-Seq time course data

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Dzida ◽  
Mudassar Iqbal ◽  
Iryna Charapitsa ◽  
George Reid ◽  
Henk Stunnenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor Alpha ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Mcf7 Cells ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Protein Occupancy ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Over Time

We have developed a machine learning approach to predict context specific enhancer-promoter interactions using evidence from changes in genomic protein occupancy over time. The occupancy of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), RNA polymerase (Pol II) and histone marks H2AZ and H3K4me3 were measured over time using ChIP-Seq experiments in MCF7 cells stimulated with estrogen. A Bayesian classifier was developed which uses the correlation of temporal binding patterns at enhancers and promoters and genomic proximity as features to predict interactions. This method was trained using experimentally determined interactions from the same system and was shown to achieve much higher precision than predictions based on the genomic proximity of nearest ERα binding. We use the method to identify a genome-wide confident set of ERα target genes and their regulatory enhancers genome-wide. Validation with publicly available GRO-Seq data demonstrates that our predicted targets are much more likely to show early nascent transcription than predictions based on genomic ERα binding proximity alone.

Preparing Future Physicians to Adapt to the Changing Health Care System

2017 ◽  
pp. 106-125
Author(s):  
Joanna Lauren Drowos ◽  
Sarah K Wood
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Clinical Clerkships ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Care System

One vital goal of medical education is to promote the development of desirable professional qualities among future physicians, such as compassion, empathy, and humanism. Future physicians must finish their training prepared to meet the changing health needs of society, yet in reality many students graduate from medical school more cynical and less empathetic than when they began. During clinical clerkships, many students experience an “ethical erosion” as they transition in to real world clinical settings. Through innovative longitudinal integrated curricular designs focusing on continuity, medical students participate in the comprehensive care of patients over time and have continuous ongoing learning relationships with the responsible clinicians. As patients place increasing importance on the doctor-patient relationship, learning models that foster stronger connections between medical students and their patients, as well as with their teachers and communities, are needed in order to better prepare the next generation of physicians to serve a changing health care system.

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