scholarly journals Simultaneous inference of parental admixture proportions and admixture times from unphased local ancestry calls

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Avadhanam ◽  
Amy L Williams
Keyword(s):  
Ground Truth ◽  
Simultaneous Inference ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Admixture Proportion ◽  
Local Ancestry ◽  
Time Estimates ◽  
Downward Bias ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Ancestry Proportions ◽  
Ancestry Proportion

Population genetic analyses of local ancestry tracts routinely assume that the ancestral admixture process is identical for both parents of an individual, an assumption that may be invalid when considering recent admixture. Here we present Parental Admixture Proportion Inference (PAPI), a Bayesian tool for inferring the admixture proportions and admixture times for each parent of a single admixed individual. PAPI analyzes unphased local ancestry tracts and has two components models: a binomial model that exploits the informativeness of homozygous ancestry regions to infer parental admixture proportions, and a hidden Markov model (HMM) that infers admixture times from tract lengths. Crucially, the HMM employs an approximation to the pedigree crossover dynamics that accounts for unobserved within-ancestry recombination, enabling inference of parental admixture times. We compared the accuracy of PAPI's admixture proportion estimates with those of ANCESTOR in simulated admixed individuals and found that PAPI outperforms ANCESTOR by an average of 46% in a representative set of simulation scenarios, with PAPI's estimates deviating from the ground truth by 0.047 on average. Moreover, PAPI's admixture time estimates were strongly correlated with the ground truth in these simulations (R = 0.76), but have an average downward bias of 1.01 generations that is partly attributable to inaccuracies in local ancestry inference. As an illustration of its utility, we ran PAPI on real African Americans from the PAGE study (N = 5,786) and found strong evidence of assortative mating by ancestry proportion: couples' ancestry proportions are closer to each other than expected by chance (P<10-6), and are highly correlated (R = 0.87). We anticipate that PAPI will be useful in studying the population dynamics of admixture and will also be of interest to individuals seeking to learn about their personal genealogies.

Culturally Sensitive Assessment of Anxious-Depressive Distress in Vietnam: Avoiding Category Truncation

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devon E. Hinton ◽  
Amie Alley Pollack ◽  
Bahr Weiss ◽  
Lam T. Trung
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
General Survey ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Standing Up ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Highly Correlated

The present study investigated what complaints are prominent in psychologically distressed Vietnamese in Vietnam beyond standard symptoms assessed by Western diagnostic instruments for anxiety and depression. To form the initial Vietnamese Symptom and Cultural Syndrome Addendum (VN SSA), we reviewed the literature, consulted experts, and conducted focus groups. The preliminary VN SSA was then used in a general survey (N = 1004) of five provinces in Vietnam. We found that the VN SSA items were highly and significantly correlated with a measure of anxious-depressive psychopathology (a composite measure of the General Anxiety Disorder-7; Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale; and Patient Health Questionnaire-9). The VN SSA item most highly correlated to anxious-depressive psychopathology was “thinking a lot” ( r = .54), reported by 15.8% of the sample. Many other symptoms in the addendum also were prominent, such as orthostatic dizziness (i.e., dizziness upon standing up; r = .41), reported by 22.9% of the sample. By way of comparison, somatic complaints more typically assessed to profile Western anxious-depressive distress, such as palpitations, were less prominent, as evidenced by being less strongly correlated to Western psychiatric symptoms and being less frequent (e.g., palpitations: r = .31, 7.1% of the sample). Study results suggest that to avoid category truncation when profiling anxious-depressive distress among Vietnamese that items other than those in standard psychopathology measures should also be assessed.

scholarly journals Inferring object properties from human interaction and transferring them to new motions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zheng ◽  
Weikai Wu ◽  
Hanting Pan ◽  
Niloy Mitra ◽  
Daniel Cohen-Or ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Interaction ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Recognition Method ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Object Property ◽  
Correlated Motions ◽  
Object Properties ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Related Object ◽  
Highly Correlated

AbstractHumans regularly interact with their surrounding objects. Such interactions often result in strongly correlated motions between humans and the interacting objects. We thus ask: “Is it possible to infer object properties from skeletal motion alone, even without seeing the interacting object itself?” In this paper, we present a fine-grained action recognition method that learns to infer such latent object properties from human interaction motion alone. This inference allows us to disentangle the motion from the object property and transfer object properties to a given motion. We collected a large number of videos and 3D skeletal motions of performing actors using an inertial motion capture device. We analyzed similar actions and learned subtle differences between them to reveal latent properties of the interacting objects. In particular, we learned to identify the interacting object, by estimating its weight, or its spillability. Our results clearly demonstrate that motions and interacting objects are highly correlated and that related object latent properties can be inferred from 3D skeleton sequences alone, leading to new synthesis possibilities for motions involving human interaction. Our dataset is available at http://vcc.szu.edu.cn/research/2020/IT.html.

Meat qualities in the sheep with special reference to Scottish breeds and crosses. I

1939 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Pálsson
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Precise Measure ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

1. By establishing the relationship between linear carcass measurements and the quantitative composition of the carcass in terms of bone, muscle and fat, we have provided a scientific basis for the use of many measurements hitherto only presumed to provide an index to carcass quality.2. External carcass measurements are correlated with weight of the skeleton. The most useful for this purpose are length of tibia + tarsus and length of the fore-cannon.3. As indices of muscle, external measures are only of indirect value. Thus, both F – T and G/F × 100 are strongly correlated with weight of muscle as a percentage of skeletal weight.4. Similarly, F provides an index of fat, being negatively correlated with fat as a percentage of bone.5. For muscle and fat internal measures permit a more precise estimate to be made. A + B is the best index of the former while C + J + Y provide the most accurate estimate of the weight of fat.6. Still better indices for muscle and fat are provided by suitable combinations of external and internal measurements. Thus L/10 + A + B is very highly correlated with the weight of muscle, and L/10 × (C + J + Y) is the best index of fat in the hoggets. For bone, a most efficient single index is shown to be the weight of the fore-cannon bone.7. The weight of the skeleton can be estimated with a high degree of accuracy from the weight of the bones in either one leg or loin. Both these joints combined, however, provide a still better estimate.8. The muscle in one leg or loin + leg provides an excellent index of the weight of muscle in the whole carcass.9. The fat in one leg, loin, or both these joints combined provides a good index of the weight of the total fat in the carcass. Both joints combined give the most precise measure.10. The value of certain measurements which are not necessarily associated with the quantity of the major tissues of the carcass, but which nevertheless have important qualitative significance, is emphasized.

The mobility and transformation of soil nitrogen and the relationships between soil and plant nitrogen and yield at different times following application of various nitrogen fertilizers to sweet corn

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Salardini ◽  
LA Sparrow ◽  
RJ Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Sampling Times

The concentration of NH4-N, NO3-N and their sum (mineral N) were monitored 12 times in 1 or 2 weekly intervals in the soil under a sweet corn crop. The samples were taken on the fertilizer band and to depths of 200, 400 and 600 mm. The NO3-N concentration of the sap expressed from the midrib of the leaf opposite and immediately above the primary cob (sap NO3-N) and that of midrib dry matter (midrib NO3-N) were determined weekly. Under the low rainfall and optimized irrigation of this trial the concentration of mineral N in soil to the depth of 400 mm or more was a good predictor of yield response to application of N at 10 of the 12 sampling times. The concentration of either NH4-N or NO3-N in the soil to any depth and the concentration of mineral N in the surface 200 mm correlated with the yield at only a few times of sampling. The concentration of mineral N in the top 200 mm of soil 1 or 2 weeks after top-dressing of N was highly correlated to yield. The concentration of sap NOS-N and midrib NO3-N decreased continuously until harvest. Both these concentrations were significantly correlated with the rates of basal and top-dressed N in most sampling times. These were also strongly correlated to yield 1 or 2 weeks after N top-dressing. Ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and urea gave similar responses in sap NO3-N and midrib NO3-N and in soil nitrogen after 5 weeks when nitrification of fertilizer NH4-N was complete. These observations indicated that soil mineral N, sap NO3-N and midrib NO3-N all offer potential as techniques to predict the yield response of sweet corn to N application. The sap NO3-N test was simpler, quicker, cheaper and more consistent than other tests.

Whole‐genome resequencing reveals diversity, global and local ancestry proportions in Yunling cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuming Chen ◽  
Jingxi Zhan ◽  
Jiafei Shen ◽  
Kaixing Qu ◽  
Quratulain Hanif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genome Resequencing ◽  
Local Ancestry ◽  
Whole Genome Resequencing ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Ancestry Proportions

scholarly journals The relative validity and repeatability of an FFQ for estimating intake of zinc and its absorption modifiers in young and older Saudi adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 968-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadeil M Alsufiani ◽  
Fatmah Yamani ◽  
Taha A Kumosani ◽  
Dianne Ford ◽  
John C Mathers
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Relative Validity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the relative validity and repeatability of a sixty-four-item FFQ for estimating dietary intake of Zn and its absorption modifiers in Saudi adults. In addition, we used the FFQ to investigate the effect of age and gender on these intakes.DesignTo assess validity, all participants completed the FFQ (FFQ1) and a 3 d food record. After 1 month, the FFQ was administered for a second time (FFQ2) to assess repeatability.SettingJeddah, Saudi Arabia.SubjectsOne hundred males and females aged 20–30 years and 60–70 years participated.ResultsMean intakes of Zn and protein from FFQ1 were significantly higher than those from the food record while there were no detectable differences between tools for measurement of phytic acid intake. Estimated intakes of Zn, protein and phytate by both approaches were strongly correlated (P<0·001). Bland–Altman analysis showed for protein that the difference in intake as measured by the two methods was similar across the range of intakes while for Zn and phytic acid, the difference increased with increasing mean intake. Zn and protein intakes from FFQ1 and FFQ2 were highly correlated (r>0·68,P<0·001) but were significantly lower at the second measurement (FFQ2). Older adults consumed less Zn and protein compared with young adults. Intakes of all dietary components were lower in females than in males.ConclusionsThe FFQ developed and tested in the current study demonstrated reasonable relative validity and high repeatability and was capable of detecting differences in intakes between age and gender groups.

scholarly journals Validation of the Garmin Forerunner 920XT VO2max Estimation and the Polar RS300X Fitness Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Gina Leigh Kraft ◽  
Madeline Dow
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Metabolic Cart ◽  
Study Session ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Pearson Correlations

Several fitness watches have developed tests to estimate VO2max to provide important data and save money by reducing the need for a metabolic cart. Some watches provide results based on heart rate (HR) while others combine HR data with global positioning satellite (GPS) data. The purpose of this study was to validate VO2max from the fitness test on a Garmin Forerunner 920XT (HR and GPS-based) and a Polar RS300X (HR-based) fitness watch against a maximal graded exercise test (GXT) using a metabolic cart. 10 male and 7 female college students (age = 21.5 ± 2.9 years) participated in this study. Session 1 consisted of completing the Informed Consent, PAR-Q, and Garmin fitness test. Session 2 comprised the Polar fitness test and a maximal Bruce treadmill test using the metabolic cart. Maximal performance during the Bruce test was validated by obtaining age-predicted HRmax. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with a significance level of p < 0.05. Secondary analysis was conducted using Pearson correlations. VO2max from the Garmin, Polar, and metabolic cart tests were 47.82 (± 9.60), 45.53 (± 5.42), and 45.63 (± 8.84) ml/kg/min, respectively. ANOVA tests revealed no significant differences between any of the tests (p = 0.6 between the Garmin and the metabolic cart; p = 0.3 between the Polar and the metabolic cart). Pearson correlations revealed that the Garmin test was highly correlated with r = 0.83 (p < 0.001) while the Polar test was strongly correlated (r = 0.65, p < 0.001). The findings indicate that Garmin and Polar fitness tests may serve as an adequate substitute for testing using a metabolic cart. The Garmin test may be a more appropriate choice as the correlation was stronger and the Polar test tended to overestimate VO2max.

scholarly journals Textures vs Non-Textures: A Simple Computational Method for Classifying Perceived ‘Texturality’ in Natural Images

i-Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 204166952110545
Author(s):  
Fumiya Kurosawa ◽  
Taiki Orima ◽  
Kosuke Okada ◽  
Isamu Motoyoshi
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Natural Images ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Original Image ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
Image Region ◽  
Discriminant Model ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Highly Correlated

The visual system represents textural image regions as simple statistics that are useful for the rapid perception of scenes and surfaces. What images ‘textures’ are, however, has so far mostly been subjectively defined. The present study investigated the empirical conditions under which natural images are processed as texture. We first show that ‘texturality’ – i.e., whether or not an image is perceived as a texture – is strongly correlated with the perceived similarity between an original image and its Portilla-Simoncelli (PS) synthesized image. We found that both judgments are highly correlated with specific PS statistics of the image. We also demonstrate that a discriminant model based on a small set of image statistics could discriminate whether a given image was perceived as a texture with over 90% accuracy. The results provide a method to determine whether a given image region is represented statistically by the human visual system.

scholarly journals Comparison between diffusion MRI tractography and histological tract-tracing of cortico-cortical structural connectivity in the ferret brain

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1038-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Delettre ◽  
Arnaud Messé ◽  
Leigh-Anne Dell ◽  
Ophélie Foubet ◽  
Katja Heuer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Fiber Architecture ◽  
Tract Tracing ◽  
Central Focus ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Brain

The anatomical wiring of the brain is a central focus in network neuroscience. Diffusion MRI tractography offers the unique opportunity to investigate the brain fiber architecture in vivo and noninvasively. However, its reliability is still highly debated. Here, we explored the ability of diffusion MRI tractography to match invasive anatomical tract-tracing connectivity data of the ferret brain. We also investigated the influence of several state-of-the-art tractography algorithms on this match to ground truth connectivity data. Tract-tracing connectivity data were obtained from retrograde tracer injections into the occipital, parietal, and temporal cortices of adult ferrets. We found that the relative densities of projections identified from the anatomical experiments were highly correlated with the estimates from all the studied diffusion tractography algorithms (Spearman’s rho ranging from 0.67 to 0.91), while only small, nonsignificant variations appeared across the tractography algorithms. These results are comparable to findings reported in mouse and monkey, increasing the confidence in diffusion MRI tractography results. Moreover, our results provide insights into the variations of sensitivity and specificity of the tractography algorithms, and hence into the influence of choosing one algorithm over another.

Racial Limitations on the Gender, Risk, Religion, and Politics Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Amanda Friesen ◽  
Mirya R. Holman
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Religion And Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Psychological Correlates ◽  
Intersecting Identities ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract Risk aversion dampens political participation and heightens religiosity, with concentrated effects among women. Yet, little is known about how intersecting identities moderate these psychological correlates of religiosity and political engagement. In this paper, we theorize that the risk-religion-politics relationship is gendered and racialized. Using a nationally representative survey, we show that political participation is more strongly correlated with risk for Black women than for any other race-gender group. For religiosity, however, we find little evidence that risk is related to religiosity among Black women, while highly correlated with white women's religious engagement. For men—whether Black or white—risk exhibits a modest, positive relationship with their religiosity. Our results speak to the importance of considering intersectionality and race-gender identities in evaluations of religious and political activities in the United States.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document