scholarly journals Prevalence of Salivary IgA Reacting with SARS-CoV-2 among Japanese People Unexposed to the Virus

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Tsukinoki ◽  
Tetsuro Yamamoto ◽  
Jiro Saito ◽  
Wakako Sakaguchi ◽  
Keiichiro Iguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Negative Trend ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Japanese People ◽  
Salivary Iga ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence

While the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has posed a threat to public health as the number of cases and COVID-19-related deaths are increasing worldwide, the incidence of the virus infection are extremely low in Japan compared with many other countries. To explore the reason for this strange phenomenon, we hypothesized the high prevalence of natural secretory IgA in saliva as mucosal IgA reacting with SARS-CoV-2, and thus surveyed the positivity for, as well as levels of, such reactive salivary IgA in a cohort of Japanese people of a wide range of age. The major findings were that 95/180 (52.78 %) of overall individuals who had not been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 were positive for salivary IgA with the levels ranging from 0.002 to 3.272 ng/ml, and that there may be a negative trend in positivity for salivary IgA according to age. These results suggest a role of mucosal IgA in host defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Epidemiología enfermera del duelo en Canarias

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-48
Author(s):  
Martín Rodríguez-Álvaro ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Diagnostic Labels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Functional Patterns ◽  
Limited Process

Grief is a natural and self-limited process of adaptation to a new reality that arises after a significant loss, real or perceived, with a wide range of manifestations that produce an impact on the health of the mourner. Objective: To know and identify, broken down by diagnostic gradient, the prevalence of mourning in the Canary Islands, as well as the needs of care before the diagnosis of mourning of the mourners. Results: Significantly, more women than men are identified in the three diagnostic labels under study. Patients with bereavement complications previously presented depression, anxiety, and risk of loneliness. The result of the pattern assessment is paradoxical. Conclusion: Grief is a multidimensional phenomenon that can hardly be assessed from a reductionist tool such as functional patterns. The high prevalence of complications in women’s grief should be studied in-depth, associating it with their previous burdens of care and vulnerability. The association between loneliness and complicated grief is evident, and the role of community nurses in these patients may be essential. Further research is needed on the care needs of bereaved persons, both complicated and uncomplicated, as well as on their predictive and protective factors.

scholarly journals Zika virus infection drives epigenetic modulation of immunity by the histone acetyltransferase CBP of Aedes aegypti

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson de Mendonca Amarante ◽  
Isabel Caetano de Abreu da Silva ◽  
Amanda Roberta Revoredo Vicentino ◽  
Vitor Coutinho Carneiro ◽  
Marcia de Amorim Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Histone Acetyltransferase ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Wide Range

Epigenetic mechanisms are responsible for a wide range of biological phenomena in insects, controlling embryonic development, growth, aging and nutrition. Despite this, the role of epigenetics in shaping insect-pathogen interactions has received little attention. Gene expression in eukaryotes is regulated by histone acetylation/deacetylation, an epigenetic process mediated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). In this study, we explored the role of the Aedes aegypti histone acetyltransferase CBP (AaCBP) after infection with Zika virus, focusing on the two main immune tissues, the midgut and fat body. We showed that the expression and activity of AaCBP could be positively modulated by blood meal and Zika infection. Nevertheless, Zika-infected mosquitoes that were silenced for AaCBP revealed a significant reduction in the acetylation of H3K27 (CBP target-marker), followed by downmodulation of the expression of immune genes, higher titers of Zika virus and lower survival rates. Importantly, in Zika-infected mosquitoes that were treated with sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, their capacity to fight virus infection was rescued. Our data point to a direct correlation among histone hyperacetylation by AaCBP, upregulation of antimicrobial peptide genes and increased survival of Zika-infected-A. aegypti.

Immunology of Bipolar Disorder

2018 ◽  
pp. 211-226
Author(s):  
Izabela G. Barbosa ◽  
Moises E. Bauer ◽  
Jair C. Soares ◽  
Antônio L. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Immune Changes ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe, chronic, and recurrent psychiatric illness. It has been associated with a high prevalence of medical and psychiatric comorbidities, cognitive impairment, and a progressive course of illness. Its neurobiology is not completely understood, but recent evidence has shown a wide range of immune changes. Here we review several data supporting the presence of immunological dysfunction in BD: (1) increased frequency of autoimmune diseases; (2) distinct immune cell profile; (3) altered release of cytokines by stimulated mononuclear cells; (4) elevated levels of circulating immune markers; (5) inflammatory changes in the central nervous system; (6) relationship with clinical comorbidities; and (7) the effect of current treatments on the immune system and the role of immunomodulatory agents.

scholarly journals Bringing the commercial determinants of health out of the shadows: a review of how the commercial determinants are represented in conceptual frameworks

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nason Maani ◽  
Jeff Collin ◽  
Sharon Friel ◽  
Anna B Gilmore ◽  
Jim McCambridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Transnational Companies

Abstract Background The term ‘commercial determinants of health’ (CDOH) is increasingly focussing attention upon the role of tobacco, alcohol and food and beverage companies and others—as important drivers of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, the CDOH do not seem to be clearly represented in the most common social determinants of health (SDOH) frameworks. We review a wide range of existing frameworks of the determinants of health to determine whether and how commercial determinants are incorporated into current SDOH thinking. Methods We searched for papers and non-academic reports published in English since 2000 describing influences on population health outcomes. We included documents with a formal conceptual framework or diagram, showing the integration of the different determinants. Results Forty-eight framework documents were identified. Only one explicitly included the CDOH in a conceptual diagram. Ten papers discussed the commercial determinants in some form in the text only and fourteen described negative impacts of commercial determinants in the text. Twelve discussed positive roles for the private sector in producing harmful commodities. Overall, descriptions of commercial determinants are frequently understated, not made explicit, or simply missing. The role of commercial actors as vectors of NCDs is largely absent or invisible in many of the most influential conceptual diagrams. Conclusions Our current public health models may risk framing public health problems and solutions in ways that obscure the role that the private sector, in particular large transnational companies, play in shaping the broader environment and individual behaviours, and thus population health outcomes.

scholarly journals Is Autism a Member of a Family of Diseases Resulting from Genetic/Cultural Mismatches? Implications for Treatment and Prevention

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staci D. Bilbo ◽  
John P. Jones ◽  
William Parker
Keyword(s):  
Large Family ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Entire Family ◽  
Postindustrial Society ◽  
Typical Member ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Several lines of evidence support the view that autism is a typical member of a large family of immune-related, noninfectious, chronic diseases associated with postindustrial society. This family of diseases includes a wide range of inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune diseases and results from consequences of genetic/culture mismatches which profoundly destabilize the immune system. Principle among these consequences is depletion of important components, particularly helminths, from the ecosystem of the human body, the human biome. Autism shares a wide range of features in common with this family of diseases, including the contribution of genetics/epigenetics, the identification of disease-inducing triggers, the apparent role of immunity in pathogenesis, high prevalence, complex etiologies and manifestations, and potentially some aspects of epidemiology. Fortunately, using available resources and technology, modern medicine has the potential to effectively reconstitute the human biome, thus treating or even avoiding altogether the consequences of genetic/cultural mismatches which underpin this entire family of disease. Thus, if indeed autism is an epidemic of postindustrial society associated with immune hypersensitivity, we can expect that the disease is readily preventable.

Understanding how corporations both drive & use neoliberalism to block progress in public health

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Miller
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Economic Elites

Abstract This paper examines the role of corporations in the creation and utilisation of think tanks, lobby ventures and front groups, both nationally and internationally. It examines how these were implicated in the introduction of neoliberalism in the 1970s/80s. It briefly tells the story of the development of the Mont Pelerin Society and how its acolytes 'littered the world' with free market think tanks which then did battle in the struggle to introduce neoliberalism. It examines how this led to the 'disembedding' (Polanyi 1944) of political and economic elites from society via the rise and maturation of a wide range of intermediary institutions and organisations including three main kinds of groups: National and transnational policy planning groups; Think tanks and think tank networks; lobbying and public relations consultancies. This part of the paper concludes by examining the role of those industrial sectors that have had the most significant Public Health footprint in the neoliberal revolution, in each of the three kinds of groups mentioned above. The paper then turns to the concrete advantages that these ongoing changes gave specific corporate actors with negative public health effects

scholarly journals Role of Gas6, TAM receptors ligand, in the pathogenesis of Zika virus infection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Cristina S. Monteiro ◽  
João Luiz da Silva Filho ◽  
Jose Luiz Proença Modena ◽  
Fabio T. M. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
Tam Receptors ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Challenge

Zika virus (ZIKV) represents a public health challenge to Brazil and the rest of the world, especially because ZIKV infection has been linked to neurological sequelae, such as congenital fetal syndrome. Here, we aim to verify the role of Gas6 in the pathogenesis of ZIKV infection, by evaluating the expression of Gas6 and TAM receptors in patients infected by the virus with different degrees of disease severity, and infection of different human cells in vitro.

Epstein-Barr Virus Infection Is Not the Sole Cause of High Prevalence for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in Saudi Arabia.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3120-3120
Author(s):  
Khawla S. Al-Kuraya ◽  
Rajeswari Narayanappa ◽  
Fouad Al-Dayel ◽  
Hassan El-Solh ◽  
Adnan Ezzat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Susceptibility Genes ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Ebv Infection ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Epstein Barr

Abstract Age adjusted incidence of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL) is markedly higher in Saudi Arabia than in the United States. For example, HL accounts for 10.5% of all neoplasia in children 15 years and younger in Saudi Arabia. EBV virus infection, which can induce HL transformation has been suspected to cause high HL incidence in developing countries. To investigate the role of EBV for the high frequency of HL in Saudi Arabia, we analyzed 265 HL from Saudi Arabia and 58 HL from Europe for EBV infection by in situ hybridization with fluoresce in-conjugated Epstein-Barr virus (EBER) on tissue microarray (TMA) sections. All Saudi and European HL were analyzed in one staining run under identical conditions. Unexpectedly, our data show only minor, statistically insignificant differences in EBV infection rates between Saudi (64 out of 150 informative cases; 42.6%) and European HL (11 out of 30 informative cases; 33%; p=0.5). Within the Arabian population, EBV positivity was more frequent in 79 children (53%) than among 133 adults (36%; p=0.015). EBV positivity was also linked to high stage with EBV positivity in 36% of 69 stage I/II and 64% of 73 stage III/IV tumors (p=0.009). EBV infection was most frequently seen in mixed cellularity HL (63% of 27 cases). This was significantly more frequent than in nodular sclerosing HL (39% of 136; p=0.02). Interestingly, EBV positivity was associated with good prognosis in Saudi childhood HL (p=0.016) but with poor prognosis in Saudi adulthood HL (p=0.0048). In conclusion, our data strongly suggest that EBV is not the main cause for the high prevalence of HL in Middle East countries. Among others, this would be consistent with a major role of genetic susceptibility genes for HL in these populations. Saudi Arabia with high consanguinity and large families would be ideal to search for HL susceptibility genes.

scholarly journals Contributions of Distribution Modelling to the Ecological Study of Psittaciformes

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
José R. Ferrer-Paris ◽  
Ada Sánchez-Mercado
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Parrot Species ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Research Action

We provide an overview of the use of species distribution modeling to address research questions related to parrot ecology and conservation at a global scale. We conducted a literature search and applied filters to select the 82 most relevant studies to discuss. The study of parrot species distribution has increased steadily in the past 30 years, with methods and computing development maturing and facilitating their application for a wide range of research and applied questions. Conservation topics was the most popular topic (37%), followed by ecology (34%) and invasion ecology (20%). The role of abiotic factors explaining parrot distribution is the most frequent ecological application. The high prevalence of studies supporting on-ground conservation problems is a remarkable example of reduction in the research–action gap. Prediction of invasion risk and assessment of invasion effect were more prevalent than examples evaluating the environmental or economic impact of these invasions. The integration of species distribution models with other tools in the decision-making process and other data (e.g., landscape metrics, genetic, behavior) could even further expand the range of applications and provide a more nuanced understanding of how parrot species are responding to their even more changing landscape and threats.

scholarly journals Ethics and aging: focus on living will for patients with dementia

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Sardella ◽  
Laura Vernuccio ◽  
Floriana Cocita ◽  
Florenza Inzerillo ◽  
Ligia J. Dominguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Living Will ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
Public Health Priority ◽  
Health Priority ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Informative Role

Today dementia certainly represents a public health priority with a huge global impact on wordwide population. However, clinical and social issues related to dementia have long been marginalized. The actual high prevalence of dementias requires also to face issues from a bioethical perspective, regarding how to deal with demented patient’s disposition. There are currently no specific guidelines on the national territory regarding whether to draw up a living will by a patient with dementia, neither about the informative role of physicians during the progressive story of the disease.

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