scholarly journals Reducing Aedes albopictus breeding sites through education: a study in urban area

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stefopoulou ◽  
G. Balatsos ◽  
A. Petraki ◽  
Shannon L. LaDeau ◽  
D. Papachristos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Resident Education ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Source Reduction ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Attitudes And Practices

Aedes albopictus tends to proliferate in small, often man-made bodies of water, largely present in urban private areas. For this reason, education and community participation are considered crucial for source reduction and mosquito control. In the current study, we tried to relate for the first time in Greece, the effectiveness of resident education in an urban area with the number of breeding sites based on previous KAP (knowledge, attitudes and practices) studies. Our study examines the relationship between mosquito breeding sources and socioeconomic or demographic characteristics of different households in a Greek municipality and evaluates efficacy of resident education. The results revealed that only a minority of residents knew where mosquitoes breed (18.6%) and only 46% felt that residents had any responsibility for managing breeding habitat. Our findings strongly suggest that only the presence of scientific staff inspecting possible habitats in their properties, could be enough to stimulate practices towards source reduction. However, educational interventions alone with printed education material cannot enhance significant community participation and source reduction.

scholarly journals Larvicidal effect of some natural products on mosquito and some aquatic predators in Gezira State, Sudan: Field assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 078-082
Author(s):  
Abdelmonem Eltiyab Houmida Ali ◽  
Mutaman Ali A. Kehail
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Source Reduction ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Aquatic Predators

There are many methods used for mosquito control. Depending on the situation, source reduction (removing stagnant water), bio-control (importing natural predators), trapping, and insecticides to kill larvae or adults may be used. Some aquatic predators were reputed as biological control agents for mosquito larvae. Hence they have to be considered when experimenting on the lethal effects of any material on mosquito larvae. The objectives of this study were to study the effects of neem leaves and usher latex against Anopheles and Culex larvae and some of their aquatic predators (hemipteran boatman (HB), tadpole (T), swimming beetle larvae (SBL) and adult (SBA) and mayfly naiad (MF)) in some breeding sites around Wad Medani Town. Gezira State, Sudan. Two villages were selected for conducting this study. The count of the mosquito larvae and the aquatic predators continued for four days from applying natural products. The results showed that, mosquito’s larvae were affected more than the aquatic by Neem leaves and Ushar latex. The study of the microclimates in the breeding sites will help to correlate toxicity to any level of any environmental factor.

scholarly journals Using UPLC–MS/MS to Evaluate the Dissemination of Pyriproxyfen by Aedes Mosquitoes to Combat Cryptic Larval Habitats after Source Reduction in Kaohsiung in Southern Taiwan

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-An Chen ◽  
Yi-Ting Lai ◽  
Kuo-Chih Wu ◽  
Tsai-Ying Yen ◽  
Chia-Yang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Source Reduction ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Complementary Approach ◽  
Cryptic Habitats ◽  
Southern Taiwan

The policy regarding mosquito control strategies in Taiwan is based on integrated vector management (IVM). The major approach is source reduction via collaboration by both residents and governments. However, small and cryptic habitats of dengue vectors are hard to find and eliminate in urban communities. Therefore, this study evaluated a complementary approach that targeted cryptic habitats by utilizing mosquitoes themselves as vehicles to transfer an insect growth regulator, pyriproxyfen (PPF), to their breeding sites; the amount of PPF in breeding water was determined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). A bioassay conducted by introducing ten late-instar larvae into PPF solution was performed to assess emergence inhibition (EI). PPF was found at 0.56 ± 0.04 ng in 25 mL of water by dissemination via ten Aedes aegypti mosquitoes exposed to 0.01% PPF, leading to 100% EI. After the community-level source reduction, a field trial in Kaohsiung in Southern Taiwan showed that 30.8–31.5% of cryptic ovitraps reached EI ≥ 50% one month after spraying 0.01% PPF in microhabitats favored by mosquitoes. IVM in parallel with residual spraying of PPF on resting surfaces of mosquitoes could serve as a simple and complementary approach to reduce cryptic larval sources in urban communities in Southern Taiwan.

scholarly journals Identification of a Novel Brevibacillus laterosporus Strain With Insecticidal Activity Against Aedes albopictus Larvae

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Barbieri ◽  
Carolina Ferrari ◽  
Stefania Mamberti ◽  
Paolo Gabrieli ◽  
Michele Castelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Brevibacillus Laterosporus

Bacterial species able to produce proteins that are toxic against insects have been discovered at the beginning of the last century. However, up to date only two of them have been used as pesticides in mosquito control strategies targeting larval breeding sites: Bacillus thuringensis var. israelensis and Lysinibacillus sphaericus. Aiming to expand the arsenal of biopesticides, bacterial cultures from 44 soil samples were assayed for their ability to kill larvae of Aedes albopictus. A method to select, grow and test the larvicidal capability of spore-forming bacteria from each soil sample was developed. This allowed identifying 13 soil samples containing strains capable of killing Ae. albopictus larvae. Among the active isolates, one strain with high toxicity was identified as Brevibacillus laterosporus by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and by morphological characterization using transmission electron microscopy. The new isolate showed a larvicidal activity significantly higher than the B. laterosporus LMG 15441 reference strain. Its genome was phylogenomically characterized and compared to the available Brevibacillus genomes. Thus, the new isolate can be considered as a candidate adjuvant to biopesticides formulations that would help preventing the insurgence of resistance.

scholarly journals Seven plus initiative: the way forward to stem Dengue

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-753
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Sheen Job
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Source Reduction ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
Active Implementation ◽  
Insecticide Spray

The vector-borne disease has been a public health challenge in the country since long. The menace of dengue, every rainy season only draws attention towards the need for community participation to combat this problem. Dengue has come out to be a social problem which mostly depends upon the environment and habitation of humans. The overwhelming concern over the increasing burden and its dire consequences, a multidisciplinary team was constituted which comprised of local leaders, ASHA, ANM and NGOs, destined to encourage community participation for dengue prevention. A seven-plus initiative was started by this multidisciplinary team which aims to mitigate the larva life cycle of dengue from the breeding site in seven days. This initiative was completely based on active surveillance of breeding sites, tracking fever cases and active implementation of source reduction measures coupled with insecticide spray.

The lake trapping was continued twice monthly from February 1991, two years after the first filling of the stage 2A reservoir, until June 1993. The trapping locality at Toonpan was essentially the same as for the 1984–85 studies except that for Big Bay was moved a few hundred metres up the incline. Because the expansion from stage 1 to 2A involved extensive clearing of marginal scrub, grassland and forest, almost total control of five mosquito species utilizing tree holes and plant axils (Aedes alboscutellaris, Aedes mallochi, Aedes purpureus, Aedes quasirubithorax) or shaded pools (Uranotaenia nivipes) occurred. The transformation of temporary wetland with ti-trees (Melaleuca spp.), lilies (Nymphoides indica, Nymphaea gigantea) and submerged plants into an unvegetated muddy foreshore similarly reduced Mansonia spp. and Coquillettidia crassipes, whose larvae depend on attachment to arenchymatous or lacunate macrophytes. Larvae of these genera have pointed reinforced tips to their siphons which are used to pierce these plants to breathe. Because of the devastating nature of the inundation and the time required for new breeding habitat to re-establish, mosquito populations increased through to the end of 1993 but the mean abundance of adult Culex annulirostris had not changed significantly from stage 1 levels. The trend for this species and for Anopheles annulipes was upward, and one can only speculate on population levels when the marginal vegetation has fully established. Due to the extensive loss of marginal vegetation and the creation of expanses of shallow muddy pools, especially towards Toonpan, Anopheles amictus and Aedes normanensis populations increased by 36-fold and 282-fold, respectively (Figure 9.2). The ramifications of this are interesting as Aedes normanensis is well recognized as a vector of Ross River virus and Murray Valley encephalitis, especially inland where Anopheles amictus (probably another species complex) has been the source of Ross River, Barmah Forest and Edge Hill viruses. Control of mosquitoes is usually directed at removal of breeding habitat (source reduction) or aimed at larvae which often aggregate in large numbers in discrete sites. Aedes normanensis is ephemeral and its desiccation-resistant eggs characteristically hatch in response to wet season rainfall filling up temporary pools. Plague numbers appear one month and may be gone the next. More accurate definition of these breeding sites, particularly at Toonpan, Antill Creek and Ross River, is required before control options can be considered. As already mentioned, the clearing process created vast expanses of bare muddy pools, particularly at the north-eastern end (e.g. Toonpan). As the lake gradually receded during the dry season, ideal breeding sites were created and populations increased through spring (from September) and also in the late wet season (March to April) when dry sites were refilled by rainfall. Thus, although the land clearing had benefits in eliminating tropical itch mites and some minor mosquito species, it probably paved the way for population growth of Aedes normanensis and Anopheles amictus. This could possibly be considered a dubious swap, although time will tell. Little is known of their biology and their flight range, the latter being of obvious importance to recreational activity at the other end of the lake. Fortunately, however, they are mainly active at night.

1998 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Source Reduction ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
The North ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Nymphoides Indica ◽  
Stage 1

scholarly journals Reducing Aedes albopictus breeding sites through education: A study in urban area

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e0202451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Αngeliki Stefopoulou ◽  
George Balatsos ◽  
Angeliki Petraki ◽  
Shannon L. LaDeau ◽  
Dimitrios Papachristos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Breeding Sites

scholarly journals CONTROL OF ADULT AND LARVAL AEDES ALBOPICTUS WITH ATTRACTIVE TOXIC SUGAR BAITS (ACTIVE INGREDIENT: CINNAMON-SESAME OIL) IN NORTHEASTERN FLORIDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Mohamed M. Traore
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Pre Treatment

Because traditional methods of mosquito control using insecticides has produced resistance, new methods that are environmentally friendly, sustainable and cost effective have been sought. One method, attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB), uses the biological requirements, ecology, and behavior of mosquitoes to attract and kill them. In this study, the efficacy of a new ATSB active ingredient, microencapsulated cinnamon oil-plus-sesame oil, was tested in the laboratory and field against Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and the effect on non-target organisms was evaluated. The average mortality among groups of 20 third instar larvae after exposure to microencapsulated cinnamon-sesame oil ATSB in the laboratory for 48 h was high. Mortality at 10% and 1% ATSB concentration was 95.8% and 90.0% respectively and began to drop off (to 65%) at 0.1%. After application of the ATSB in the field, on day 11 of the study, the adult Ae. albopictus populations at the experimental site dropped significantly compared to pre-treatment levels and to the untreated control population. The differences between the control and the treated sites remained significant until the end of the study period on day 28. If used in accordance with label instructions and applied on non-flowering green vegetation, the potential impact on non-target populations was negligible with the exception of non-biting midges (Chironomidae). The synergistic effect of the attracting and killing adult mosquitoes as well as wash-off into part of the breeding sites with larvicidal cinnamon oil-plus-sesame oil product likely explains the high mortality of this ATSB formulation.

scholarly journals Mosquito survey reveals the first record of Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) species in urban area, Annaba district, Northeastern Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
Djamel Eddine Rachid Arroussi ◽  
Ali Bouaziz ◽  
Hamid Boudjelida
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
First Record ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Larval Habitats ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Culiseta Longiareolata ◽  
Distribution And Ecology ◽  
First Time

The diversity, distribution and ecology of mosquitoes, especially arbovirus vectors are important indices for arthropod-borne diseases control. The mosquito larvae were collected in different habitats in four sites of Annaba district, Algeria, during the period of March 2018 to February 2019 and the properties of larval habitats were recorded for each site. The systematic study revealed the presence of 8 species belonging to 4 genera; including Culex pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758), Culex modestus (Ficalbi, 1889), Culex theileri (Theobald, 1903), Culiseta longiareolata (Macquart, 1838), Anopheles labranchiae (Falleroni, 1926), Anopheles claviger (Meigen, 1804), Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894). Among the species, C. pipiens presented the highest species abundance (RA %) (55.23%) followed by C. longiareolata (20.21%). The Aedes species are recorded for the first time in the study urban area. Variation of diversity in different sites depends on the type of breeding habitat. These results provided important information on species diversity, distribution and factors associated with breeding habitats. They could be used for the mosquito control and to prevent the spread of mosquito-borne diseases to the population of the region.

scholarly journals SURVEILLANCE OF AEDES AEGYPTI AFTER RESURGENCE IN DOWNTOWN ST. AUGUSTINE, NORTHEASTERN FLORIDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Saint Augustine ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Source Reduction ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Oviposition Sites ◽  
Insight Into

Aedes aegypti is an anthropophilic vector of several arboviruses, including yellow fever, Dengue virus, Chikungunya virus, and the infamous Zika virus. In 2016, Zika virus was spreading rapidly throughout Brazil and mosquito control districts expected Zika virus would be imported to Florida and vectored by endemic Aedes aegypti. Aedes aegypti often takes advantage of cryptic oviposition sites and therefore circumvents conventional control and surveillance strategies used by mosquito control practitioners. The objective of this study was to find Ae. aegypti breeding sites in the tourist district of Saint Augustine, FL, using a door-to-door on-foot approach. Mosquito control technicians, biologists and interns worked to inspect and treat each property for Ae. aegypti. Additionally, residents were informed about Ae. aegypti and its public health risk factors. In total, Anastasia Mosquito Control District inspected 1199 of the 1995 parcels in downtown Saint Augustine (60% coverage) in three months. Artificial containers were found at 1,099 of the homes inspected, and Ae. aegypti were found at 120 homes in the area. Each property where mosquito larvae and/or adults were detected was treated using source reduction, larvicides and adulticides. Residents were educated about this project and Ae. aegypti via small flyers, door hangers, pamphlets and/or verbal communication. This study provided insight into the location of Ae. aegypti breeding sites in the tourist district of Saint Augustine, FL, which will facilitate future control efforts.

scholarly journals Integrated Control of Aedes Albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Southwest Germany supported by the Sterile Insect Technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Becker ◽  
Sophie Min Langentepe-Kong ◽  
Artin Tokatlian Rodriguez ◽  
Thin Thin Oo ◽  
Dirk Reichle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Area ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
South West

Abstract BackgroundThe invasive species Aedes albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito, has undergone an extreme expansion by steady introductions as blind passengers in vehicles from the Mediterranean to South-West Germany. The more than 15 established populations in the State of Baden-Württemberg and Palatine (South-West Germany) have become a major nuisance and public health threat. Aedes albopictus deserves special attention as vector of arboviruses like dengue, chikungunya or Zika virus. In Germany, control of Ae. albopictus is implemented under the auspice of health departments and regulatory offices. MethodsThe control strategy comprised three components or pillars: a) community participation (CP) based on the elimination or sanitation of breeding sites with the use of fizzy Bti-tablets (Culinex Tab plus); b) Door-to-Door (DtD) control by trained staff applying high doses of a Bti-water-dispersible granular formulation (Vectobac WG) aimed for a long-lasting killing effect; and c) the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) to eliminate remaining Ae. albopictus populations. Prior to large scale routine city-wide treatments, the efficacy of the three elements was evaluated in laboratory and semi-field trials. Special emphasis was given to the mass release of Ae. albopictus sterile males.ResultsMore than 60% of the local residents joined the Community Participation within the large-scale control program. It was shown that the most effective element was the DtD intervention including the application of Vectobac WG (2700 ITU/mg after radiation with 25 kGy) to potential breeding sites (10 g/rainwater container, max. 200L ≙ 13,500ITU/L and 2.5g/container <50L) with a persistence of at least about three weeks. The average time required for the inspection and treatment per property was 27 minutes. In Ludwigshafen the larval source management resulted in a container index for Ae. albopictus below 1% in 2020 compared to 10.9% in 2019. The mean number of Aedes eggs/ovitrap were 4.3 in Ludwigshafen and 18.23 in Freiburg-Metzgergrün (SIT areas); while 22.4 in Freiburg-Gartenstadt (Control area). After the strong reduction of the Aedes population by Bti-application, the weekly release of 1,013 (Ludwigshafen) and 2,320 (Freiburg) sterile Ae. albopictus males/ha from May until October resulted in a high percentage of sterile eggs. In the trial area of Ludwigshafen the sterility of eggs reached 82.61% (mean: 60.52%; SD: 42.88%) and in Freiburg 62.68% (SD 28.21%). The natural sterility in the control area was 16.93±13.5%. The field results were in line with data obtained in cage tests under laboratory conditions where wild females mated with sterile males showed sterility rates of 87.53±9.15%. The sterility of eggs laid by females mated with unirradiated males was only 3.3±2.8%. The overall sterility of about 83% in Ludwigshafen indicates that our goal to almost eradicate the Ae. albopictus population could be achieved. ConclusionsIt is shown that an integrated control program based on a strict monitoring scheme is most effective when it comprises three components, namely a) community participation, b) DtD intervention including long-lasting Bti-larviciding to strongly reduce Ae. albopictus populations and c) the release of sterile males to reduce the remaining Ae. albopictus population to a minimum or even to eradicate it. The combination of the use of Bti with SIT are most effective and selective tools against Ae. albopictus, one of the most dangerous mosquito vector species.

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