scholarly journals Combined use of Candida Utilis and Idesia polycarpa var. Vestita Fruit Improve the Production Performance of Laying Quail

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinanbei Liu ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Yueyue Shu ◽  
Yiran Sun ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Candida Utilis ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Standard Diet Group

ABSTRACTIdesia polycarpa Maxim. var. vestita Diels (Idesiapolycarpa), which is widely distributed in south China, is still underexplored. This study applied Idesia polycarpa defatted fruit (IPF) and Candida utilis to the feed of laying quails using solid-state fermentation. In comparison to the standard diet group, birds fed with mixture of IPF and Candida utilis (MIC) showed better production capacity, and the ML group (1% MIC added) achieved the greatest egg mass (9.77 on average; P<0.01) and laying rate (87.7% on average; P<0.01). Compared to the standard diet group, the cholesterol content was lower in both the ML (1% MIC addition groups) and IL (1% IPF addition groups), and 5% MIC added group had higher n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content. Furthermore, birds given the MIC dietary supplement showed a thicker jejunum wall than the standard diet group. In addition, the related mRNA expression of SRBEP-1, SREBP-2, ATGL, APOVLDL-II which are involved in the fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis suggested that the addition of Candida utilis could effectively improve the production capacity of laying quails while decrease the negative effects of IPF. This work also demonstrates how MIC can be applied to improve the production of laying quails.

scholarly journals Production Performance of Moina macrocopa (Straus 1820) (Crustacea, Cladocera) Cultured in Different Salinities: The Effect on Growth, Survival, Reproduction, and Fatty Acid Composition of the Neonates

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Amirah Yuslan ◽  
Sharifah Najuwa ◽  
Atsushi Hagiwara ◽  
Mazlan A. Ghaffar ◽  
Hidayu Suhaimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Moina Macrocopa ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Survival And Reproduction

Salinity is a known factor in shaping population dynamics and community structure through direct and indirect effects on aquatic ecosystems. Salinity changes further influence food webs through competition and predation. The responses of Moina macrocopa (Cladocera) collected from Setiu Wetland lagoon (Terengganu) was evaluated through manipulative laboratory experiments to understand the ability of M. macrocopa to tolerate high salinity stress. Specifically, the fatty acid composition, growth, survival, and reproduction of this cladocerans species was examined. Sodium chloride (NaCl) as used in the treatments water with the concentration 0, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 15 salinity. Fatty acid levels were determined using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The results indicated that optimal conditions produced the highest fatty acid content, especially the polyunsaturated fatty acid content, such as EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), ALA (alpha-linoleic acid), ARA (arachidonic acid), and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). Furthermore, M. macrocopa survival was best at salinity 0, with a percentage of 98%, whereas the opposite occurred at salinity 15, with approximately 20% of viable animals surviving. Besides, M. macrocopa also showed the highest reproduction rate at salinity 0 (e.g., average initial age of reproduction, 4.33 ± 0.58 days) compared with other salinities level. Interestingly, the difference in growth at different salinities was not evident, an unusual finding when considering adverse effects such as osmoregulation pressure on the organism. Based on the results, we conclude that M. macrocopa can only tolerate salinity below salinity 8 and cannot withstand stressful environmental conditions associated with salinities above 8.

Phytoestrogen-containing diets offer benefits for mouse embryology but lead to fewer offspring being produced

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 536-545
Author(s):  
Jussi Helppi ◽  
Ronald Naumann ◽  
Oliver Zierau
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Experimental Mouse ◽  
Standard Diet Group

One of the most commonly used protein sources in rodent diets is soy, which is naturally rich in phytoestrogens. Although phytoestrogens have shown potential health benefits in humans, they may also have the ability to disrupt reproduction. Consequently, there has been a tendency to try to exclude them from rodent diets. In the current study, we investigated whether phytoestrogen content in the mouse diet could affect reproduction in mice used as embryo donors. Donor mice (C57BL/6JOlaHsd) were maintained with three different diets: high phytoestrogen (ca. 400 mg/kg genistein), low phytoestrogen (ca. 10 mg/kg genistein) and standard breeding diet (ca. 120 mg/kg genistein). Mice fed a high phytoestrogen diet had a high yield of plugs, embryos, and injectable embryos, as well as producing good quality embryos. Results from donor mice fed a low phytoestrogen diet were consistently but only slightly inferior, whereas mice fed a standard diet performed the poorest. Interestingly, the largest number of born and weaned offspring were observed when recipient females received embryos from the standard diet group. Sperm yield and quality of stud males did not differ between the groups. We surmize that for experimental endpoints requiring fertilized embryos it may be more beneficial to feed mice a diet containing phytoestrogen, but if the goal is to produce transgenic mice, a diet high in phytoestrogen may be inadvisable. In conclusion, care should be taken when selecting a diet for experimental mouse colonies as phytoestrogen could influence the study outcome.

scholarly journals Effects of different variants of the FASN gene on production performance and milk fatty acid composition in Holstein × Simmental dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 03) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Mauric ◽  
T Masek ◽  
D Bendelja Ljoljić ◽  
J Grbavac ◽  
K Starcevic
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Production Traits

Crossbreeding of Holstein cattle with bulls of other breeds has garnered increasing interest with respect to efforts to improve performance traits and to decrease problems with fertility and health. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the effects of the fatty acid synthase (FASN) gene on milk production traits and fatty acid composition of Simmental and first-generation Holstein × Simmental crossbred cows. A total of 105 cows (72 Simmental and 33 crossbred Holstein) were genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method and their fatty acid profiles were analysed. The crossbred Holstein cows with diplotype TW/AR had significantly higher fat content and yield compared to the purebred Simmental cows of the same diplotype. The Holstein × Simmental cows with the diplotype AR/AR were also characterised by significantly lower content of C16:0 and saturated fatty acids, but higher C18:1n9, monounsaturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid content compared to the same diplotype of the Simmental cattle. These results indicate that with accurate breeding plans, crossbreeding Holstein cows with Simmental bulls could be directed towards a more desirable fatty acid composition of milk and dairy products.

scholarly journals Effect of Supplementation ARA (Arachidonic acid) Oil on Production Performance, Egg quality and Fatty Acid Composition in Laying Hens

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1164-1174
Author(s):  
Dian Rizki Purba ◽  
Xiao-guang Dong ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Hai-jun Zhang ◽  
Guang-hai Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Egg Mass

The effect of supplementation ARA oil on production performance, egg quality, fatty acid composition in laying hens were examined on this study. The aims on this study to producing ARA enriched eggs to meet infant nutrition requirements. A total of 450 Roman White laying hens with a similar egg production rate and good body condition at 55 weeks of age were randomly divided into 5 treatments. Each treatment was replicated 6 times with 15 hens per replicate.  Hens were fed basal diets with 0, 2,5%, 1,25%, 0,625%, and 0,3125% ARA oil addition. The supplementation ARA oil was effect to decreased egg production, egg weight, egg mass, daily feed intake and FCR (P<0.05) during 9-12 week, but on egg quality parameters showed slightly changed during the 1-12 week but not consistency and that change was not statistically significant. Arachidonate acid (ARA) was increased by supplementation ARA oil (P<0.05). This effect was detected in directly proportional to the addition of ARA oil on diet. This is opposite effect to DHA, DHA was decreased by supplementation ARA oil (P<0.05) and also effect to ratio ARA/DHA was increased (P<0.05) by supplementation ARA oil.

scholarly journals The effect of inulin on new and on patent infections ofTrichuris suisin growing pigs

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. PETKEVIČIUS ◽  
L. E. THOMSEN ◽  
K. E. BACH KNUDSEN ◽  
K. D. MURRELL ◽  
A. ROEPSTORFF ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Worm ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Trichuris Suis ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Standard Diet Group ◽  
Group 1

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the potential influence of inulin on the establishment of new and patent infections ofTrichuris suisin growing pigs. Two experimental diets were formulated based on barley flour with either added insoluble fibre from oat husk (Diet 1) or a pure inulin (16%) supplementation (Diet 2). Twenty-eight 10-week-old pigs were divided randomly into 4 groups (Groups 1–4) each of 7 pigs. After 3 weeks adaptation to the experimental diets all pigs were infected with a single dose of 2000 infectiveT. suiseggs. Group 1 was fed Diet 1 until 7 weeks post-infection (p.i.) and Group 3 until 9 weeks p.i., Group 2 was fed Diet 2 until 7 weeks p.i., Group 4 was fed Diet 1 until week 7 p.i. and was switched-over from Diet 1 to Diet 2 until week 9 p.i. Seven weeks p.i. pigs in Groups 1 and 2 were slaughtered, and pigs in Groups 3 and 4 were slaughtered at 9 weeks p.i.Trichuris suisworm burdens were determined for all pigs. Inulin-fed pigs (Group 2) exhibited an 87% reduction in EPG, compared to the pigs on standard diet (Group 1) (P<0·0001). The number of worms recovered at week 7 p.i. from pigs on the inulin diet (Group 2) was significantly reduced by 71%, compared to the pigs on standard diet (Group 1) (P<0·01). At week 9, worm recovery in pigs on the inulin diet switch protocol (Group 4) was reduced by 47% compared to the control pigs in Group 3 (P<0·01). Further, the inulin-fed pigs exhibited a significant reduction in female worm fecundity and worm large intestine location was more distal compared to those from pigs on standard diet. These results demonstrate that inclusion of the highly degradable fructose polymer inulin in the diet leads to significant reductions inT. suisestablishment, egg excretion, and female worm fecundity and can be used as a treatment for patent infections.

Protective effects of selenium on methimazole-induced anemia and oxidative stress in adult rats and their offspring

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1549-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibtissem Ben Amara ◽  
Ahmed Hakim ◽  
Afef Troudi ◽  
Nejla Soudani ◽  
Fatma Ayadi Makni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antithyroid Drug ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Hematological Parameter ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Group I ◽  
Standard Diet Group

The present study investigates the potential ability of selenium, considered as an antioxidant with pharmacological property to alleviate oxidative stress and hematological parameter disorders induced by methimazole, an antithyroid drug. Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of six each: group I served as negative control and received a standard diet; group II received 250 mg/L of methimazole in drinking water and a standard diet; group III received both methimazole (250 mg/L, orally) and selenium (0.5 mg/kg of diet) supplemented to the standard diet; group IV served as positive control and received a supplement of selenium in the diet (0.5 mg/kg of diet) as sodium selenite (Na2SeO3). Treatment was started from the 14th day of pregnancy until day 14 after delivery. Methimazole reduced the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit in mothers and their pups. Besides, plasma iron, vitamins B9, B12, C and E levels were reduced. Lipid peroxidation increased, objectified by high malondialdehyde levels and lactate dehydrogenase activity in plasma, while glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities showed a significant decline. Co-administration of selenium through diet improved all the parameters cited above. It can be concluded that the administration of selenium alleviates methimazole-induced toxicity, thus demonstrating its antioxidant efficacy.

scholarly journals Weight loss and morphometric study of intestinal mucosa in rats after massive intestinal resection: influence of a glutamine-enriched diet

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Resende Ribeiro ◽  
Paulo Engler Pinto Júnior ◽  
Ariney Costa de Miranda ◽  
Sansom Henrique Bromberg ◽  
Fábio Pinatel Lopasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Small Bowel Resection ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Adaptation Response ◽  
Standard Diet Group

Short-bowel syndrome is responsible for significant metabolic alterations that compromise nutritional status. Glutamine is considered an essential nutrient for enterocytes, so beneficial effects from supplementation of the diet with glutamine are hypothesized. PURPOSE: In this study, the effect of a diet enriched with glutamine was evaluated in rats undergoing extensive small bowel resection, with analysis of postoperative weight loss and intestinal morphometrics of villi height, crypt depth, and thickness of the duodenal and remnant jejunal mucosa. METHODS: Three groups of male Wistar rats were established receiving the following diets: with glutamine, without glutamine, and the standard diet of laboratory ration. All animals underwent an extensive small bowel resection, including the ileocecal valve, leaving a remnant jejunum of only 25 cm from the pylorus that was anastomosed lateral-laterally to the ascendant colon. The animals were weighed at the beginning and end of the experiment (20th postoperative day). Then they were killed and the remnant intestine was removed. Fragments of duodenal and jejunal mucosa were collected from the remnant intestine and submitted to histopathologic exam. The morphometric study of the intestinal mucosa was accomplished using a digital system (KS 300) connected to an optic microscope. Morphometrics included villi height, crypt depth, and the total thickness of intestinal mucosa. RESULTS: The weight loss comparison among the 3 groups showed no significant loss difference. The morphometric studies showed significantly taller duodenal villi in the glutamine group in comparison to the without glutamine group, but not different from the standard diet group. The measurements obtained comparing the 3 groups for villi height, crypt depth, and thickness of the remnant jejunum mucosa were greater in the glutamine-enriched diet group than for the without-glutamine diet group, though not significantly different from with standard-diet group. CONCLUSIONS: In rats with experimentally produced short-bowel syndrome, glutamine-enrichment of an isonitrogenous test diet was associated with an improved adaptation response by the intestinal mucosa but not reduced weight loss. However, the adaptation response in the group receiving the glutamine-enriched diet was not improved over that for the group fed regular chow.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF COMMON CARP MEAT (Cyprinus carpio) DIET ON BRAIN INDEX AND THE EXPRESSION OF GENE NR2B OF SWISS WEBSTER MICE CEREBRUM

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philips Onggowidjaja ◽  
M. Nurhalim Shahib
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Meat Diet ◽  
Show Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Standard Diet Group ◽  
The Brain

This research was to evaluate the influence of common carp meat diet on brain index and  gene NR2B expression of  Swiss Webster mice cerebrum.  The gene expression and performance of ion Ca2+ channel in neuron are influenced by Glycine and Glutamic Acid, which present in relatively high quantities in common carp meat.  Eighteen male mice were divided into 3 diet groups, the standard pellet, 120 mg and 480 mg common carp meat/day.  The brain index differences among groups were analyzed using ANOVA test (p≤0,05) and LSD.  The total RNA of 5 mg mouse cerebrum was isolated, followed by RT-PCR; the DNA quantities were predicted using Geldoc instrument, then were analyzed using ANOVA test (p≤0,05).  The 120 mg diet group brain index did not show difference (p=0,284) against the standard diet group, while the 480 mg diet group showed the increase compared to the standard (p=0,034) and 120 mg diet groups (p=0,004).  No DNA quantity differences of all groups (p=0,195).  It was concluded, the 480 mg common carp meat/ day diet increased the brain index of Swiss Webster mice, while the 120 mg and 480 mg common carp/day diets did not influence the gene NR2B expression of Swiss Webster mice cerebrum. Keywords : brain index, gene NR2B expression, common carp meat diet

scholarly journals Рівень інсуліноподібного фактору росту-1 та гідроген сульфіду у щурів з неалкогольною жировою хворобою печінки, асоційованою з гіпергомоцистеїнемією

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Nekrut ◽  
N. V. Zaichko ◽  
O. B. Strutinska
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Homocysteine Thiolactone ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Standard Diet Group

Introduction. Evolution of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often accompanied by increased levels of homocysteine, on the other hand hyperhomocysteinemia (HHC) is considered as an independent factor for steatosis and fibrosis of the liver. An important role in regulating of liver functional state has IGF-1 and gas mediator – hydrogen sulfide (H2S), but their role in the pathogenesis NAFLD associated with HHC, is not certain.The aim of the study – to investigate level of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in blood and concentration of H2S in the liver of rats with NAFLD induced by high fat diet (HFD) and its combination with HHC.Methods of the research. The experiment was performed on 56 white male rats. Animals were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 and group 2 received standard diet, group 3 and group 4 received HFD for 60 days. Rats from groups 2 and 4 were injected іntragastrically daily by thiolakton homocysteine in the dose of 100 mg/kg. After experiment the levels of homocysteine and IGF-1 in serum and H2S content in the liver of rats were determined.Results and Discussion. Homocysteine thiolactone or HFD and especially their combination causes a reduction of IGF-1 in serum and H2S content in the liver of rats. Rats with NAFLD associated with HHC had levels of H2S and IGF-1 significantly lower (respectively 22.6 % and 32.2 %) than that of rats with purely NAFLD. The level of homocysteine is inversely correlated with the level of IGF-1 in blood and the level of H2S in the liver (r= -0.68, -0.73, р<0.01). Formation of deficit аntifibrotic mediators (IGF-1 and H2S) may be a factor in the progression NAFLD associated with HHC.Conclusions. 60-day use of HFD or homocysteine thiolactone causes reduction of IGF-1 in serum and H2S content in the liver, but the most significant shortage of mediators is as result of the combination HFD with HHC.

Diet-induced ketosis increases capillary density without altered blood flow in rat brain

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (6) ◽  
pp. E1607-E1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Puchowicz ◽  
Kui Xu ◽  
Xiaoyan Sun ◽  
Andre Ivy ◽  
Doug Emancipator ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Glut 1 ◽  
Standard Diet Group ◽  
The Brain

It is recognized that ketone bodies, such as R-β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) and acetoacetate, are energy sources for the brain. As with glucose metabolism, monocarboxylate uptake by the brain is dependent on the function and regulation of its own transporter system. We concurrently investigated ketone body influx, blood flow, and regulation of monocarboxylate transporter (MCT-1) and glucose transporter (GLUT-1) in diet-induced ketotic (KG) rat brain. Regional blood-to-brain β-HB influx (μmol·g−1·min−1) increased 40-fold with ketosis (4.8 ± 1.8 plasmaβ-HB; mM) in all regions compared with the nonketotic groups (standard and no-fat diets); there were no changes in regional blood flow. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that GLUT-1 density (number/mm2) in the cortex was significantly elevated (40%) in the ketotic group compared with the standard and no-fat diet groups. MCT-1 was also markedly (3-fold) upregulated in the ketotic group compared with the standard diet group. In the standard diet group, 40% of the brain capillaries stained positive for MCT-1; this amount doubled with the ketotic diet. Western blot analysis of isolated microvessels from ketotic rat brain showed an eightfold increase in GLUT-1 and a threefold increase in MCT-1 compared with the standard diet group. These data suggest that diet-induced ketosis results in increased vascular density at the blood-brain barrier without changes in blood flow. The increase in extraction fraction and capillary density with increased plasma ketone bodies indicates a significant flux of substrates available for brain energy metabolism.

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