scholarly journals Prenatal thyroid hormone exposure increases growth but not oxidative stress in a wild passerine species

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Sarraude ◽  
Bin-Yan Hsu ◽  
Ton G.G. Groothuis ◽  
Suvi Ruuskanen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
Oxidative Balance ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Nestling Survival ◽  
Summary Statement

AbstractHormones transferred from mothers to their offspring are thought to be a maternal tool for mothers to prepare their progeny for expected environmental conditions, thus increasing fitness. Thyroid hormones (THs) are crucial across vertebrates for embryonic and post-natal development and metabolism. Nevertheless, the studies that investigated the consequences of maternal hormones have mostly focused on steroid hormones and ignored maternally-derived thyroid hormones. In this study, we experimentally elevated yolk thyroid hormones in a wild population of a migratory passerine, the European Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca. We injected eggs with a mixture of T4 and T3 within the natural range of the species to assess its effects on hatching success, nestling survival, growth and oxidative status (antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation and oxidative balance). We found no effects of yolk THs on egg hatchability or nestling survival. Yolk THs increased nestling growth during the second week post hatching, but this potentially beneficial effect did not incur any costs in terms of oxidative stress. The results should stimulate more research on thyroid hormone mediated maternal effects, further studies into the underlying mechanistic pathways for these effects and how they translate into adulthood and fitness.Summary statementThyroid hormones have been overlooked in the context of hormone-mediated maternal effects. We found that yolk thyroid hormones in a wild bird species increase growth without incurring oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Production of Immunoreactive Thyroglobulin C-Terminal Fragments during Thyroid Hormone Synthesis

Endocrinology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
pp. 2518-2525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Duthoit ◽  
Valérie Estienne ◽  
Frédéric Delom ◽  
Josée-Martine Durand-Gorde ◽  
Bernard Mallet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Fenton Reaction ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Generating System ◽  
Mediated Oxidation

Here, we studied the fragmentation of the prothyroid hormone, thyroglobulin (Tg), which occurs during thyroid hormone synthesis, a process which involves iodide, thyroperoxidase, and the H2O2-generating system, consisting of glucose and glucose oxidase. Various peptides were found to be immunoreactive to autoantibodies to Tg from patients and monoclonal antibodies directed against the immunodominant region of Tg. The smallest peptide (40 kDa) bore thyroid hormones and was identified at the C-terminal end of the Tg molecule, which shows homologies with acetylcholinesterase. Similar peptides were obtained by performing metal-mediated oxidation of Tg via a Fenton reaction. It was concluded that the oxidative stress induced during hormone synthesis generates free radicals, which, in turn, cleave Tg into immunoreactive peptides.

Role of Thyroid Hormone and Oxidant Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mobidullah Khan ◽  
Suchismita Mukherjee ◽  
Sarbashri Bank ◽  
Smarajit Maiti
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
High Cholesterol

Background: Cardiovascular-diseases (CVD) are caused by different metabolic-anomalies related to hypertension/sedentary life-style/drug-addiction/dyslipidemia and diabetes. Scanty report suggests that metabolic-rate regulating thyroid hormones are linked to CVD. Methods: A total 59 individuals (male, >45 yrs) were involved in this study. Blood-samples from diagnosed cardiacpatients troponin (N=13, trop-T+), individuals with high-risk (N=15) (high glucose/cholesterol/triglycerides) with agematched controls (N=31) were tested for the evaluation of lipid-profiles/thyroid-hormones; Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone (T3/T4/TSH), blood-glucose/oxidative-stress indicators like malondialdehyde(MDA)/non-protein-soluble-thiol(NPSH) and metabolic inflammatory-marker; human C-reactive protein hsCRP by biochemical-methods/ELISA. Result: Correlation-data suggest that in normal-condition there is no significant correlation between thyroid-hormones and other parameters. In contrary, blood-glucose/triglyceride/uric-acid/proteins are correlated in cardiac and high-risk patients suggesting hypermetabolic conversion of nutrients by biochemical connectors like TCA cycle and gluconeogenesis pathways. Further, the hypermetabolic-state is favored by the rise in the thyroid hormones level. In high-glucose group there is a significant correlation between metabolic-parameter and oxidative-stress indices like uric-acid/NPSH/MDA. T3 and T4 have also been linked to the serum-protein. But in the trop t+ group all thyroid hormones have been significantly associated with blood cholesterol/triglyceride and glucose suggesting the increasing involvement of thyroid-hormone in risk-factors and disease groups. The hsCRP level was ~100% and ~5-fold higher in high cholesterol and trop t+ groups, respectively. T3 was also ~70%, ~4.5-fold and ~3.5-fold higher in high-glucose/high-cholesterol/trop-t+ groups, respectively. This suggests that T3/TSH is linked to the pathogenesis and severity. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia, oxidant-stress in association with T3 augment cardiac-pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Testing different forms of regulation of yolk thyroid hormone transfer in pied flycatchers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Sarraude ◽  
Bin-Yan Hsu ◽  
Ton G.G. Groothuis ◽  
Suvi Ruuskanen
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Summary Statement ◽  
Elevated Exposure ◽  
Similar Decrease

AbstractHormones transferred from mothers to their offspring are considered a maternal tool to prepare progeny for expected environmental conditions, increasing maternal fitness. To flexibly influence offspring, mothers should be able to transmit the hormonal signals independent of their own hormonal status. However, the ability to regulate hormone transfer to the next generation is under debate. We studied the transfer of thyroid hormones (THs) to eggs in a bird model. We elevated thyroxine (T4, the prohormone for the biological active triiodothyronine, T3) during egg-laying using T4 implants on females of a wild population of pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca), and measured plasma and yolk T4 and T3 as a response. To our knowledge, studies that manipulated a prohormone and measured the change in its active metabolites have rarely been conducted. We found an increase in plasma and yolk T4 and no change in T3 concentrations leading to a similar decrease in yolk T3/T4 ratio in response to the T4 treatment in plasma and yolk. This suggests that mothers are able to regulate the conversion of T4 in T3 to avoid potential costs of elevated exposure to the active hormone to herself and to her progeny. Finally, contrary to our predictions, we found no evidence of regulatory mechanisms at the follicle level, which is essential for independent regulation of yolk hormone transfer.Summary statementThyroid hormones have been overlooked in the context of hormone-mediated maternal effects. We found that mothers may regulate yolk thyroid hormone transfer by regulating the conversion of the active form of the hormone.

Effects of Montmorillonite on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemistry and Oxidative Stress of Red-Crowned Crane (Grus japonensis) Fed Mycotoxin-Contaminated Feed

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 626-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawei Liu ◽  
Qinghua Wu ◽  
Hongyi Liu ◽  
Changhu Lu ◽  
Chao Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Regular Diet ◽  
Grus Japonensis ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background: The red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) is one of the most vulnerable bird species in the world. Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi and considered naturally unavoidable contaminants in animal feed. Our recent survey indicated that the mycotoxins had the potential to contaminate redcrowned crane’s regular diets in China. Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the protective effects of mycotoxin binder montmorillonite (Mont) on growth performance, serum biochemistry and oxidative stress parameters of the red-crowned crane. Methods: 16 red-crowned cranes were divided into four groups and fed one of the following diets; a selected diet, regular diet, or the selected diet or regular diet with 0.5% montmorillonite added to the diets. The cranes' parameters of performance, hematology, serum biochemistry and serum oxidative stress were measured. Results: Consuming regular diets decreased the average daily feed intake (ADFI), levels of haemoglobin (Hb), platelet count (PLT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), but increased the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The supplementation of 0.5% Mont provided protection for the red-crowned crane in terms of feed intake, serum biochemistry and oxidative stress. Moreover, Mont supplementation had no adverse effect on the health of red-crowned crane. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings suggested that the addition of dietary Mont is effective in improving the health of red-crowned crane.

Establishment of Early Pregnancy Related Thyroid Hormone Models and Reference Intervals for Pregnant Women in China Based on Real World Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (04) ◽  
pp. 272-279
Author(s):  
Chaochao Ma ◽  
Xiaoqi Li ◽  
Lixin Liu ◽  
Xinqi Cheng ◽  
Fang Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Free Thyroxine ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

AbstractThyroid hormone reference intervals are crucial for diagnosing and monitoring thyroid dysfunction during early pregnancy, and the dynamic change trend of thyroid hormones during pregnancy can assist clinicians to assess the thyroid function of pregnant women. This study aims to establish early pregnancy related thyroid hormones models and reference intervals for pregnant women. We established two derived databases: derived database* and derived database#. Reference individuals in database* were used to establish gestational age-specific reference intervals for thyroid hormones and early pregnancy related thyroid hormones models for pregnant women. Individuals in database# were apparently healthy non-pregnant women. The thyroid hormones levels of individuals in database# were compared with that of individuals in database* using nonparametric methods and the comparative confidence interval method. The differences in thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine between early pregnant and non-pregnant women were statistically significant (p<0.0001). The reference intervals of thyroid stimulating hormone, free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine for early pregnant women were 0.052–3.393 μIU/ml, 1.01–1.54 ng/dl, and 2.51–3.66 pg/ml, respectively. Results concerning thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine reference intervals of early pregnancy are comparable with those from other studies using the same detection platform. Early pregnancy related thyroid hormones models showed various change patterns with gestational age for thyroid hormones. Early pregnancy related thyroid hormones models and reference intervals for pregnant women were established, so as to provide accurate and reliable reference basis for the diagnosing and monitoring of maternal thyroid disfunction in early pregnancy.

scholarly journals Blood Micronutrient and Thyroid Hormone Concentrations in the Oldest-Old

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 2260-2265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Ravaglia ◽  
Paola Forti ◽  
Fabiola Maioli ◽  
Barbara Nesi ◽  
Loredana Pratelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
Age Range

Several micronutrients are involved in thyroid hormone metabolism, but it is unclear whether their marginal deficits may contribute to the alterations in thyroid function observed in extreme aging. The relationships among blood concentrations of thyroid hormones and selenium, zinc, retinol, and α-tocopherol were studied in 44 healthy Northern Italian oldest-old subjects (age range, 90–107 yr), selected by the criteria of the SENIEUR protocol. Control groups included 44 healthy adult (age range, 20–65 yr) and 44 SENIEUR elderly (age range, 65–89 yr) subjects. Oldest-old subjects had higher TSH (P &lt; 0.01) and lower free T3 (FT3)/freeT4 (FT4) ratio, zinc, and selenium serum values (P &lt; 0.001) than adult and elderly control subjects. No significant difference was found for plasma retinol and α-tocopherol values. The associations between micronutrients and thyroid hormones were evaluated by multivariate analysis. In oldest-old subjects, plasma retinol was negatively associated with FT4 (P = 0.019) and TSH serum levels (P = 0.040), whereas serum zinc was positively associated with serum FT3 (P = 0.010) and FT3/FT4 ratio (P = 0.011). In younger subjects, no significant association was found among thyroid variables and micronutrients. In conclusion, blood levels of specific micronutrients are associated with serum iodothyronine levels in extreme aging.

Immunolocalization of antioxidant enzymes in testis of rams submitted to long-term heat stress

Zygote ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 432-435
Author(s):  
Thais Rose dos Santos Hamilton ◽  
Gabriela Esteves Duarte ◽  
José Antonio Visintin ◽  
Mayra Elena Ortiz D’Ávila Assumpção
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Oxidative Balance ◽  
Testicular Cells

SummaryLong-term heat stress (HS) induced by testicular insulation generates oxidative stress (OS) on the testicular environment; consequently activating antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The aim of this work was to immunolocalize antioxidant enzymes present in different cells within the seminiferous tubule when rams were submitted to HS. Rams were divided into control (n = 6) and treated group (n = 6), comprising rams subjected to testicular insulation for 240 h. After the testicular insulation period, rams were subjected to orchiectomy. Testicular fragments were submitted to immunohistochemistry for staining against SOD, GR and GPx enzymes. We observed immunolocalization of GPx in more cell types of the testis after HS and when compared with other enzymes. In conclusion, GPx is the main antioxidant enzyme identified in testicular cells in an attempt to maintain oxidative balance when HS occurs.

scholarly journals PCB-Related Alteration of Thyroid Hormones and Thyroid Hormone ReceptorGene Expression in Free-Ranging Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina)

2006 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 1024-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maki Tabuchi ◽  
Nik Veldhoen ◽  
Neil Dangerfield ◽  
Steven Jeffries ◽  
Caren C. Helbing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Phoca Vitulina ◽  
Harbor Seals ◽  
Free Ranging

Thyroid hormones regulate phosphate homoeostasis through transcriptional control of the renal type IIa sodium-dependent phosphate co-transporter (Npt2a) gene

2010 ◽  
Vol 427 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Ishiguro ◽  
Hironori Yamamoto ◽  
Masashi Masuda ◽  
Mina Kozai ◽  
Yuichiro Takei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Serum Phosphate ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Intron 1 ◽  
Sodium Dependent

The type IIa renal sodium-dependent phosphate (Na/Pi) co-transporter Npt2a is implicated in the control of serum phosphate levels. It has been demonstrated previously that renal Npt2a protein and its mRNA expression are both up-regulated by the thyroid hormone T3 (3,3′,5-tri-iodothyronine) in rats. However, it has never been established whether the induction was mediated by a direct effect of thyroid hormones on the Npt2a promoter. To address the role of Npt2a in T3-dependent regulation of phosphate homoeostasis and to identify the molecular mechanisms by which thyroid hormones modulate Npt2a gene expression, mice were rendered pharmacologically hypo- and hyper-thyroid. Hypothyroid mice showed low levels of serum phosphate and a marked decrease in renal Npt2a protein abundance. Importantly, we also showed that Npt2a-deficient mice had impaired serum phosphate responsiveness to T3 compared with wild-type mice. Promoter analysis with a luciferase assay revealed that the transcriptional activity of a reporter gene containing the Npt2a promoter and intron 1 was dependent upon TRs (thyroid hormone receptors) and specifically increased by T3 in renal cells. Deletion analysis and EMSAs (electrophoretic mobility-shift assays) determined that there were unique TREs (thyroid-hormone-responsive elements) within intron 1 of the Npt2a gene. These results suggest that Npt2a plays a critical role as a T3-target gene, to control phosphate homoeostasis, and that T3 transcriptionally activates the Npt2a gene via TRs in a renal cell-specific manner.

scholarly journals Thyroid Hormone Action in Cerebellum and Cerebral Cortex Development

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Chatonnet ◽  
Frédéric Picou ◽  
Teddy Fauquier ◽  
Frédéric Flamant
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Glial Cell ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Hormone Action ◽  
Cerebral Cortex Development ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Action

Thyroid hormones (TH, including the prohormone thyroxine (T4) and its active deiodinated derivative 3,,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3)) are important regulators of vertebrates neurodevelopment. Specific transporters and deiodinases are required to ensure T3 access to the developing brain. T3 activates a number of differentiation processes in neuronal and glial cell types by binding to nuclear receptors, acting directly on transcription. Only few T3 target genes are currently known. Deeper investigations are urgently needed, considering that some chemicals present in food are believed to interfere with T3 signaling with putative neurotoxic consequences.

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