Perceptions of collective narratives and identity strategies as indicators of intergroup relations

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-308
Author(s):  
Lior Y. Somech ◽  
Shifra Sagy
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Identity Strategies ◽  
Collective Narratives ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Collective Narrative

Purpose This study aims to explore intergroup relations between two Jewish religious groups in Israel, namely, ultra-Orthodox and national-religious communities, by using an integrated model that combines two psychosocial concepts: perceptions of collective narratives and identity strategies. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from a representative sample of 402 ultra-Orthodox and 388 national-religious Jews living in Israel, of age 18 and over. Repeated-measures ANOVAs were conducted to examine group differences in perceiving in-group and out-group collective narratives and in patterns of identity strategies. Further, partial correlations and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to test the relative contribution of perceptions of collective narratives and patterns of identity strategies. Findings Willingness to compete with and to separate from the out-group was related to the tendency to reject its collective narrative while endorsing the in-group one. In the same vein, the opposite pattern was found in the relations between willingness to integrate and unite with the out-group and the perceptions of collective narratives. The results also indicate group differences: the ultra-Orthodox exhibited stronger tendencies to preserve their in-group collective narratives and to reject the out-group, as well as stronger endorsement of identity strategies of competition and separation compared to national-religious. Practical implications The results suggest that it might be useful to encourage dialogue between both groups to clarify each side’s narratives and rationale underlying the endorsement of specific identity strategies. Such an open dialogue could help each group understand the other group’s needs and might also reduce their sense of threat as well as anxiety about losing their religious and social uniqueness. One possible opportunity for such dialogue is workplaces in which members of each group can gradually uncover stereotypes, enhancing reconciliation and willingness to accept the “other’s” collective narrative and choose to adhere more to the similar than dissimilar characteristics. Originality/value This is the first study, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to examine collective narratives and identity strategies as powerful indicators of intergroup relations between two minority groups of the same religion. Within such a unique context, the power struggle exists and the separation and competition strategies are apparent, but the main conflictual issue is related to similarities and discrepancies of religious ideologies, values, norms and worldviews that shape one’s daily life and his/her encounter with the similar but different “other”.

scholarly journals Involvement of RpoN in Regulating Bacterial Arsenite Oxidation

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (16) ◽  
pp. 5638-5645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon-Suk Kang ◽  
Brian Bothner ◽  
Christopher Rensing ◽  
Timothy R. McDermott
Keyword(s):  
Binding Site ◽  
Sigma Factor ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Insertional Inactivation

ABSTRACTIn this study with the model organismAgrobacterium tumefaciens, we used a combination oflacZgene fusions, reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), and deletion and insertional inactivation mutations to show unambiguously that the alternative sigma factor RpoN participates in the regulation of AsIIIoxidation. A deletion mutation that removed the RpoN binding site from theaioBApromoter and anaacC3(gentamicin resistance) cassette insertional inactivation of therpoNcoding region eliminatedaioBAexpression and AsIIIoxidation, althoughrpoNexpression was not related to cell exposure to AsIII. Putative RpoN binding sites were identified throughout the genome and, as examples, included promoters foraioB,phoB1,pstS1,dctA,glnA,glnB, andflgBthat were examined by using qualitative RT-PCR andlacZreporter fusions to assess the relative contribution of RpoN to their transcription. The expressions ofaioBanddctAin the wild-type strain were considerably enhanced in cells exposed to AsIII, and both genes were silent in therpoN::aacC3mutant regardless of AsIII. The expression level ofglnAwas not influenced by AsIIIbut was reduced (but not silent) in therpoN::aacC3mutant and further reduced in the mutant under N starvation conditions. TherpoN::aacC3mutation had no obvious effect on the expression ofglnB,pstS1,phoB1, orflgB. These experiments provide definitive evidence to document the requirement of RpoN for AsIIIoxidation but also illustrate that the presence of a consensus RpoN binding site does not necessarily link the associated gene with regulation by AsIIIor by this sigma factor.

Group Differences in Alcohol-Creativity Interactions

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1635-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Social Drinkers ◽  
Alcohol Dose

A repeated-measures, balanced-order design was used to test for the effects of alcohol on creativity as measured by verbal forms of the Torrance Creativity Test. Social drinkers (8 men and 8 women) performed under 2 conditions, alcohol (dose = 0.83 ml ethanol/kg body weight) and a placebo. Significant group differences in the alcohol-creativity interaction were noted in that the performance of higher-scoring (in the placebo condition) subjects was impaired by alcohol whereas that of lower-scoring subjects was enhanced.

From campfire to coliseum: motivations for using social networks

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Castro Pires de Souza Chimenti ◽  
Marco Aurelio de Souza Rodrigues ◽  
Marcelo Guedes Carneiro ◽  
Roberta Dias Campos
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Collective Narrative

Purpose Through a literature review, a gap has been identified regarding the role of competition as a driver of social network (SN) usage. This study aims to design to address this gap, seeking motivators for SN usage based on how SN consumption may be related to users’ experience of competition. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of competition in social media usage. Design/methodology/approach The authors used an exploratory qualitative approach, conducting a set of focus groups with young social media users. Data was analyzed with software. Findings Two new drivers for SN use are proposed, namely, competition and collective narrative. Research limitations/implications This is an exploratory study, and it does not seek to generalize results or quantify causal relationships among variables. Practical implications This paper offers SN managers a deeper understanding of key growth drivers for these media. Social implications This research can help society understand and debate the impacts of SNs on users’ lives, providing insights into drivers of excessive usage. Originality/value This paper proposes the following two SN usage drivers yet to be described in the literature: competition and collective narrative.

Professional development for teachers of advanced placement courses

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Small ◽  
Rebecca A. Thessin ◽  
William R. Dardick
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Advanced Placement ◽  
Professional Learning ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Teacher Perception ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Multidisciplinary Study ◽  
Diverse Student ◽  
Instructional Needs

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore how the Advanced Placement Summer Institute (APSI) supported Advanced Placement (AP) teacher's instructional needs considering the expansion of the AP program in recent decades.Design/methodology/approachA survey including Likert-style and open-ended questions was distributed to participants at one East Coast APSI to gather data, which were analyzed quantitatively. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on the Likert items to identify latent constructs, and two logistic regression (LR) models were run to predict what features of the professional development (PD) improved teacher perception of APSI. Open-ended constructs were analyzed by identifying and describing common themes.FindingsThe findings indicated that APSI improved teachers' perceived content knowledge and pedagogy and improved teachers' perceptions of their ability to better support student achievement, but that more focused professional learning was needed in working with academically diverse student learners in AP courses.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was limited to analysis of perception of teachers who attended one APSI training site, making it difficult to generalize without repeated measures.Originality/valueThis is the only multidisciplinary study connecting literature on effective PD to an analysis of the effectiveness of APSI for AP teachers.

scholarly journals A practical guide to the analysis of non-response and attrition in longitudinal research using a real data example

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora L. Eisner ◽  
Aja L. Murray ◽  
Manuel Eisner ◽  
Denis Ribeaud
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Parental Consent ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Immigrant Background ◽  
Socially Disadvantaged ◽  
Study Recruitment

Selective non-participation and attrition pose a ubiquitous threat to the validity of inferences drawn from observational longitudinal studies. We investigate various potential predictors for non-response and attrition of parents as well as young persons at different stages of a multi-informant study. Various phases of renewed consent from parents and young persons allowed for a unique comparison of factors that drive participation. The target sample consisted of 1675 children entering primary school at age seven in 2004. Seven waves of interviews, over the course of 10 years, measured levels of problem behavior as rated by children, parents, and teachers. In the initial study recruitment, where participation was driven by parental consent, non-response was highest amongst certain socially disadvantaged immigrant minority groups. There were fewer significant group differences at wave 5, when young people could be directly recruited into the study. Similarly, attrition was higher for some immigrant background groups. Methodological implications for future analyses are discussed.

Contribution of CSF and vascular factors to elevation of ICP in severely head-injured patients

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Marmarou ◽  
Angelo L. Maset ◽  
John D. Ward ◽  
Sung Choi ◽  
Danny Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Head Injury ◽  
Ventricular Catheter ◽  
Outflow Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Temporal Course ◽  
Head Injured ◽  
Predominant Factor ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors studied the relative contribution of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and vascular parameters to the level of intracranial pressure (ICP) in 34 severely head-injured patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of less than 8. This was accomplished by first characterizing the temporal course of CSF formation and outflow resistance during the 5-day period postinjury. The CSF formation and outflow resistance were obtained from pressure responses to bolus addition and removal of fluid from an indwelling ventricular catheter. The vascular contribution to the level of ICP was assessed by withdrawing fluid at its rate of formation and observing the resultant change in equilibrium ICP level. It was found that, with the exception of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, CSF parameters accounted for approximately one-third of the ICP rise after severe head injury, and that a vascular mechanism may be the predominant factor in elevation of ICP.

scholarly journals Impact of Mindfulness Training on Spanish Police Officers’ Mental and Emotional Health: a Non-Randomized Pilot Study

Mindfulness ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Navarrete ◽  
Miguel Ángel García-Salvador ◽  
Ausiàs Cebolla ◽  
Rosa Baños
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Paired Samples

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this exploratory non-randomized controlled study was to determine the acceptance and effectiveness of an 8-week mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) co-designed by a police officer. Methods A pretest-posttest control group design was followed. Participants (MBI group = 20; control group = 18) answered baseline and post-training self-reported measures. In addition, the weekly emotional state of the MBI group was collected. Paired-samples t-test and analysis of covariance were performed for pre-post within-group and between-group differences, respectively, as well as linear mixed effects analysis of repeated measures for week-by-week data. Results High acceptance and attendance rates, as well as significant pre-post within-group differences in the MBI group in mindfulness (η2 = 0.43), self-compassion (η2 = 0.43), depression (η2 = 0.54), anxiety (η2 = 0.46), stress (η2 = 0.51), difficulties in emotion regulation, sleep quality (η2 = 0.57), and burnout (η2 = 0.31–0.47), were identified. Moreover, police officers who underwent the MBI experienced a week by week decrease of anger, disgust, anxiety, sadness, and desire. Finally, after adjusting for pre-test scores, significant between-group differences were found in the way of attending to internal and external experiences (observing mindfulness facet; ηp2 = 0.21), depression symptoms (ηp2 = 0.23), general distress (ηp2 = 0.24), and the degree of physical and psychological exhaustion (personal burnout; ηp2 = 0.20). Conclusions The preliminary effectiveness of this MBI on psychopathology and quality of life outcomes in Spanish police officers was discussed. Previous evidence regarding the promising use of MBIs in this population was supported.

scholarly journals Community-based social marketing: effects on social norms

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Schuster ◽  
Krzysztof Kubacki ◽  
Sharyn Rundle-Thiele
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Purpose This paper aims to investigate whether application of a community-based social marketing (CBSM) principle, namely, increasing the visibility of a target behaviour in the community, can change social norms surrounding the behaviour. Design/methodology/approach A repeated measures quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation’s Walk to School 2013 programme. The target population for the survey were caregivers of primary school children aged between 5-12 years old. The final sample size across the three online surveys administered was 102 respondents. Findings The results suggest that the programme increased caregivers’ perceptions that children in their community walked to and from school and that walking to and from school is socially acceptable. Originality/value The study contributes to addressing the recent call for research examining the relationship between CBSM principles and programme outcomes. Further, the results provide insight for enhancing the social norms approach, which has traditionally relied on changing social norms exclusively through media campaigns.

Occurrence of rating distortions and ratees’ fairness perceptions per raters’ mood and affect

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 726-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumrina Razzaq ◽  
Muhammad Zahid Iqbal ◽  
Malik Ikramullah ◽  
Jan-Willem van Prooijen
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fairness Perceptions ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Negotiation Performance ◽  
Fairness Theory ◽  
Affect Infusion Model ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Different Levels

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the occurrence of rating distortions under raters’ different mood conditions and at different levels of interpersonal affect of raters towards ratees, and further its association with ratees’ perceptions of distributive and interpersonal fairness. Design/methodology/approach For the scenario-based experiment, the study recruited 110 undergraduate students as participants. Of them, 22 raters appraised the video-taped buyer-seller negotiation performance of 88 ratees. Repeated measures analysis was employed to analyse data. Findings Results revealed that under different mood conditions (pleasant and sad) and at different levels of interpersonal affect towards ratees (high and low), raters distorted ratings (inflated and deflated, respectively). These rating distortions shaped ratees fairness perceptions in such a way that ratees who received inflated ratings due to raters’ pleasant mood and high interpersonal affect perceived more distributive and interpersonal fairness than ratees who received deflated ratings due to raters’ sad mood and low interpersonal affect. Originality/value The paper is a step towards integrating the affect infusion model with distributive and interpersonal fairness theory. This integration can be of value for enhancing our understanding of how rater-centric rating errors take place, which subsequently shape ratees’ fairness perceptions.

Cerebral blood flow and vasoresponsivity within and around cerebral contusions

1996 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 871-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. McLaughlin ◽  
Donald W. Marion
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Surrounding Parenchyma

✓ There is increasing evidence that regional ischemia plays a major role in secondary brain injury. Although the cortex underlying subdural hematomas seems particularly vulnerable to ischemia, little is known about the adequacy of cerebral blood flow (CBF) or the vasoresponsivity within the vascular bed of contusions. The authors used the xenon-enhanced computerized tomography (CT) CBF technique to define the CBF and vasoresponsivity of contusions, pericontusional parenchyma, and the remainder of the brain 24 to 48 hours after severe closed head injury in 10 patients: six patients with one contusion and four with two contusions, defined as mixed or high-density lesions on CT scanning. The CBF within the contusions (29.3 ± 16.4 ml/100 g/minute, mean ± standard deviation) was significantly lower than both that found in the adjacent 1-cm perimeter of normal-appearing tissue (42.5 ± 15.8 ml/100 g/minute) and the mean global CBF (52.5 ± 17.5 ml/100 g/minute) (p < 0.004, repeated-measures analysis of variance). A subset of seven patients (10 contusions) also underwent a second Xe-CT CBF study during mild hyperventilation (a PaCO of 24–32 mm Hg). In only two of these 10 contusions was vasoresponsivity less than 1% (range 0%–7.6%); in the rim of normal-appearing pericontusional tissue, it was 0.4% to 9.1%. The authors conclude that CBF within intracerebral contusions is highly variable and is often above 18 ml/100 g/minute, the reported threshold for irreversible ischemia. Intracontusional CBF is significantly reduced relative to surrounding brain parenchyma, and CO2 vasoresponsivity is usually present. In the contusion and the surrounding parenchyma, vasoresponsivity may be nearly three times normal, suggesting hypersensitivity to hyperventilation therapy. Given this possible hypersensitivity and relative hypoperfusion within and around cerebral contusions, these lesions are particularly vulnerable to secondary injury such as that which may be caused by hypotension or aggressive hyperventilation.

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