scholarly journals A measurement framework of crowd intelligence

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqiang Feng ◽  
Leiju Qiu ◽  
Baowen Sun
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
Mathematical Symbols ◽  
Intelligence Assessment ◽  
Real Life Situation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Crowd Intelligence ◽  
Scientific Value

Purpose The originality of the crowd cyber system lies in the fact that it possesses the intelligence of multiple groups including intelligence of people, intelligence of objects and intelligence of machines. However, quantitative analysis of the level of intelligence is not sufficient, due to many limitations, such as the unclear definition of intelligence and the inconformity of human intelligence quotient (IQ) test and artificial intelligence assessment methods. This paper aims to propose a new crowd intelligence measurement framework from the harmony of adaption and practice to measure intelligence in crowd network. Design/methodology/approach The authors draw on the ideas of traditional Confucianism, which sees intelligence from the dimensions of IQ and effectiveness. First, they clarify the related concepts of intelligence and give a new definition of crowd intelligence in the form of a set. Second, they propose four stages of the evolution of intelligence from low to high, and sort out the dilemma of intelligence measurement at the present stage. Third, they propose a framework for measuring crowd intelligence based on two dimensions. Findings The generalized IQ operator model is optimized, and a new IQ algorithm is proposed. Individuals with different IQs can have different relationships, such as cooperative, competitive, antagonistic and so on. The authors point out four representative forms of intelligence as well as its evolution stages. Research limitations/implications The authors, will use more rigorous mathematical symbols to represent the logical relationships between different individuals, and consider applying the measurement framework to a real-life situation to enrich the research on crowd intelligence in the further study. Originality/value Intelligence measurement is one of foundations of crowd science. This research lays the foundation for studying the interaction among human, machine and things from the perspective of crowd intelligence, which owns significant scientific value.

Strategic planning approaches to knowledge management: a taxonomy

VINE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ettore Bolisani ◽  
Enrico Scarso
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Km Strategy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Company

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss and propose a taxonomy of approaches to the strategic planning of knowledge management (KM). The concept of KM strategy is relatively recent and has been developed based on the assumption that any KM programme requires the definition of long-term goals, resources and plans, i.e. a KM strategic planning. Empirical evidence shows that the conditions for the successful implementation of KM can change from a company to another and in relation to the external context, and this may call for different appropriate approaches to KM planning. Design/methodology/approach – By drawing inspiration from the classic literature about strategic planning and combining it with the KM literature, a taxonomy of four possible approaches to KM strategic planning is developed. This taxonomy is based on the combination of two dimensions, namely: the nature (rational vs emergent) of the planning process, and the competitive factors (internal vs external) that drive the strategy formulation. Examples of companies, drawn from an analysis of recent case studies based on secondary data, are then provided, with the purpose to depict the features of each KM strategic planning approach, as well as asses the consistency and usefulness of the formulated taxonomy. Findings – The analysis of available empirical data shows that the proposed taxonomy fits cases that can be found in real life. The two dimensions of KM strategic planning previously presented allow to highlight the differences in the behaviour of companies. This can provide important food for thought for strategic thinking applied to KM, and can also reinforce the link between KM and other areas of management. Practical implications – The awareness that companies can follow different approaches to KM planning is important for executives that consider KM as a primary activity for their companies. In particular, in the case of an emergent KM strategy, managers should be able to recognize it, and, as far as possible, to align it with the company’s overall strategic goals. Originality/value – To date, the literature has primarily focused on the definition of different types of KM strategies, while the process that can lead to the formulation of these strategies has been less studied. The paper aims to fill this gap by identifying, discussing and classifying different possible approaches to KM strategic planning that a company can adopt.

Entrepreneurial-oriented strategic renewal in a Brazilian SME: a case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-236
Author(s):  
Débora Monteiro Moretti ◽  
Flávia Chaves Alves ◽  
José Vitor Bomtempo
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strategic Renewal ◽  
Real Life Situation ◽  
Resource Environment ◽  
New Framework

PurposeFirms around the world seek new paths to maintain competitiveness and renew their businesses. Although entrepreneurial-orientation (EO) is extensively researched, there is some ambiguity regarding different variables that mediate the effects of such strategy on business performance. Hence, current literature lacks in-depth studies that provide useful tools for companies to implement effective change, in contrast to the quantitative methods normally applied.Design/methodology/approachThrough an in-depth case study, the authors explored whether the implementation of an entrepreneurial-oriented strategy by an incumbent firm in Brazil would renew its business and potentially increase its performance.FindingsThe study showed that performance is achieved when the pervasiveness of EO activities spurs the company's boundaries, promoting not only intraorganizational changes but also multiple-stakeholder engagement.Research limitations/implicationsThis study reinforces the idea that EO alone may not be sufficient to increase firm performance and must be considered more comprehensively. Although case studies always suffer from the problem of generalization, the authors provide a good illustration of a strategy being implemented in a constrained-resource environment.Practical implicationsThis paper contributes to practice by discussing a real-life situation of a small company from an emerging economy.Originality/valueThe authors provide a holistic view of the firm, presenting the managerial changes in a new framework, which combines EO and inward- and outward-looking perspectives.

Entrepreneurial learning as an effectual process

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dag Håkon Haneberg
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Organisational Learning ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Entrepreneurial Learning ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
One Year ◽  
Multiple Actors

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address how entrepreneurial learning may be understood as an effectual process in the early phase of venture creation. Design/methodology/approach Previous research is used to develop a conceptual frame of reference, which is further developed through a longitudinal qualitative case study of five new venture teams. Conceptualising these teams’ learning as sequences of events over a one-year period provides rich insight from real-life processes. Findings A conceptual model of how entrepreneurial learning may be understood as an effectual process is presented. The interactions and interdependencies between nine process characteristics along three main dimensions in the process, activity, multiple actors and context-dependent, demonstrate how the process tie together as a whole. Research limitations/implications The present paper argues for further cross-fertilisation of entrepreneurial learning and effectuation research and showcases how studies of entrepreneurial learning may contribute to organisational learning in entrepreneurial ventures. The conceptualisation of characteristics and dimensions aims to support future process studies by suggesting a framework for analysing process events in longitudinal studies. Originality/value Previous research has already established how activities are central to entrepreneurial learning and emphasised that what constitutes the two dimensions of multiple actors and context-dependence is important. The present paper contributes to entrepreneurial learning with an enhanced understanding of why and how the three dimensions are important as well as interdependent and mutually interactive. The present paper also contributes to organisational learning by extending the understanding of learning in emerging entrepreneurial organisations.

scholarly journals Investigating “circular business models” in the manufacturing and service sectors

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 590-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Upadhyay ◽  
Shaheda Akter ◽  
Lindsay Adams ◽  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
Nikhil Varma
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of the different circular business models (CBMs) in the manufacturing and service sector and apply this in the context of the food industry (FI), through a systematic literature review of related published journals and articles. The research study is designed to illustrate the impact of CBMs in the manufacturing and service sectors through a combination of real-life examples and direct references to existing literature.Design/methodology/approachThe underlying research study follows a systematic literature review approach where the relevant CBMs are explored in the context of the manufacturing and service sector (FI.) The journals most cited in the context of CBMs and their implication in the manufacturing and service sector were chosen for this study. There was no fixed timeframe applied to complete the research. A total of 54 articles were selected which referenced: discussion in the context of the concept of CBMs; different types of CBM; definition of the manufacturing sector; definition of the service sector (FI); application of different CBMs in these two sectors; and included a comparison of the application of CBMs. In total, 40 of the 54 articles were shortlisted for best relevance and used in the research study.FindingsThe underlying research study was limited to 40 articles and the data contained within them. The article search was limited to the keywords of the CBM; the implication of CBM; the CBM in manufacturing (textiles); circular business in service (FI); and comparison and application of the CBM.Practical implicationsThe final analysis demonstrates that circular business promotes sustainability by allowing companies to generate maximum return from given resources and reach zero waste targets. Greater customer satisfaction is also achieved through service innovation that cuts down negative impact on the environment. These findings are relevant and applicable to the FI.Originality/valueA review of existing literature showed that whilst there is significant research on the implications of the CBM in general, there has been little focus on the use of different CBMs specifically in the manufacturing and service industry (FI). This research study is designed to tease out the specific benefits of CBMs in this context, highlighting the contribution they can make to efficiency in both the manufacturing and service sectors (FI) through useful comparison.

scholarly journals A design-based approach to support and nurture open educational practices

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shironica P. Karunanayaka ◽  
Som Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Belief Systems ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Educational Resources ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
Educational Practices ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Instructional Resources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Open Educational Practices

Purpose A critical attribute of open educational practices (OEP) is the pursuit of open scholarship which comprises the release of educational resources under an open licence scheme that permits no-cost access, use, reuse, adaptation, retention and redistribution to others. The degree of openness in relation to this attribute will depend on the context and culture of the place and the people in it. When left to chance, the adoption and practice of open scholarship by educators is at best sketchy. For optimum impact, a design-based approach is essential. A central focus of such an approach will need to target educators’ belief systems and practices about their scholarship. Any such work will involve researchers collaborating with practitioners in real-life settings to improve educational practices through iterative analysis, design, development and implementation. The purpose of this paper is to report on how the development and use of such a design-based approach, implemented by the Open University of Sri Lanka, impacted the adoption and uptake of open scholarship among teachers in the Sri Lankan school system in terms of changes in their use of instructional resources, pedagogical thinking and pedagogical practices. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted a design-based research (DBR) approach (Reeves, 2006), which involved researchers collaboratively working with practitioners in real-life settings to improve their educational practices along three aspects – instructional resource use, pedagogical perspectives and pedagogical practices. Based on the four stages of the DBR approach – analysis, solution, testing and refinement, and reflection, a professional development intervention programme was designed and implemented to support teachers on the integration of open educational resources (OER) and adoption of OEP in their teaching-learning process. Data collected throughout the process using multiple strategies such as questionnaire surveys, concept mapping, lesson plans, focus group interviews, self-reflections and “stories”, were analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Findings By the end of the intervention, significant changes were observed in teachers’ use of instructional resources, their pedagogical thinking and pedagogical practices. While resource usage has shifted from no or low usage of OER to reuse, revise, remix and creation of OER, the pedagogical thinking and practices of teachers moved from a content-centric and individualized patterns to more constructivist, context centric and collaborative ways. The diffusion of OEP was prominent along two dimensions – enhancements in the individual practices in innovative OER use as well as collaborative practices of sharing of resources, knowledge and good practices. Practical implications The systematic and flexible methodology adopted based on the DBR approach via a framework designed as a contextualized, process oriented and a self-reflective enquiry has been very useful to support changes in OEP among practitioners over time. Originality/value This iterative process allowed the researchers to function as “designers”, while investigating real-life issues in collaboration with the practitioners through reflective enquiry to further refine innovative practices towards OEP. This provides valuable insights for improved design solutions for future interventions in similar contexts.

The voice of the customer in the design of organized retail stores

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Gyan Prakash ◽  
Abhinav Vohra ◽  
Sangeeta Sahney
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Customer Requirements ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Retail Business ◽  
Real Life Situation ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Voice Of The Customer

Subject area Marketing, retail. Study level/applicability The case study is specific to the marketing demographics of Indian shoppers with respect to organized retail stores, and therefore, the inter-relationships between various design elements and the relative importance of certain parameters discussed in the text may not follow the same pattern elsewhere in the world. Case overview The case emulates the real-life situation of an organized retail store, Super Mart, to understand the inculcation of voice of the customer in the design of organized retail stores in India. It gives insights about factors which influence the shopping intent of customers while giving information about the inter-relationships among various design characteristics. It also gives an idea about inter-dependence between design characteristics and customer requirements. This is followed by certain questions, the responses to which can be interpreted from the text and the data provided therein. Expected learning outcomes The case aims to educate its audience about the following aspects of organized retail business: factors influencing offline shopping intent of customers; relative order of importance of customer requirements with respect to organized retail stores; inter-relationships between various design elements; and future trends in the organized retail space. Such a knowledge would help hone the skills of the next generation of business leaders in the retail space. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes.

Measuring the readiness of a megaproject

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Shenoy ◽  
Biswajit Mahanty
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Critical Success Factors ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review

PurposeA vast proportion of global megaprojects have not performed up to the expectations of their stakeholders. A failed megaproject has the potential even to derail the economy of a country where it was implemented. Stakeholders must, therefore, ensure that they do not invest in megaprojects that are bound to fail. But, how can stakeholders consistently identify such megaprojects? This paper develops a framework for a metric that can help stakeholders measure the readiness of a megaproject.Design/methodology/approachA comprehensive literature review identified 19 critical success factors of megaprojects. These success factors were integrated into a fuzzy-based model to develop the megaproject readiness metric. An assessment team studied the levels of presence and importance of these success factors in a candidate megaproject to derive its readiness.FindingsThe readiness-based model provides stakeholders valuable insights into the strong and weak areas of a megaproject. It can help stakeholders prioritize and systematically eliminate the identified weaknesses and improve megaproject readiness. While the model was tested on a metro rail megaproject, it can be used on any megaproject across domains.Originality/valueThis paper adopts the concept of readiness for the domain of megaprojects. Besides the readiness measurement framework, a vital contribution of this research is its application to a real-life case. Future research can include more granular success factors to improve the estimate of megaproject readiness.

The historic wooden model of Solomon’s Temple

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Peter Kersten ◽  
Felix Tschirschwitz ◽  
Maren Lindstaedt ◽  
Simon Deggim
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Real Life Situation ◽  
Game Engines ◽  
Game Industry ◽  
Interactive Visualisation

PurposeRecent advances in contemporary virtual reality (VR) technologies are going to have a significant impact on everyday life. Through VR it is possible to virtually explore a computer-generated environment as a different reality, and to immerse oneself into the past or in a virtual museum without leaving the current real-life situation. For such an ultimate VR experience, the user should only see the virtual world. Currently, the user must wear a VR headset which fits around the head and over the eyes to visually separate himself from the physical world. Via the headset images are fed to the eyes through two small lenses. The purpose of this paper is to present the generation of a virtual 3D model of the wooden model of Solomon’s Temple, located at the Hamburg museum (Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte), and its processing for data integration into the two game engines Unity and Unreal.Design/methodology/approachCultural heritage (CH) monuments are ideally suited for both thorough multi-dimensional geometric documentation and realistic interactive visualisation in immersive VR applications. Additionally, the game industry offers tools for interactive visualisation of objects to motivate users to virtually visit objects and places.FindingsThe project has been carried out by the Photogrammetry & Laser Scanning Lab of the HafenCity University Hamburg, Germany to demonstrate an immersive and interactive visualisation using the VR System HTC Vive.Originality/valueThe workflow from data acquisition to VR visualisation, including the necessary programming for navigation and interaction, is described. Furthermore, the use (including simultaneous multiple users environments) of such a VR visualisation for a CH monument is discussed in this contribution.

A tisket a tasket what happened to Market Basket?

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-421
Author(s):  
Susan Bosco ◽  
Diane M. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Basket ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Behavior Issues ◽  
Real Life Situation ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
The Impact

Synopsis The saga of Market Basket took place over a period of months during which a significant upheaval occurred in the long-successful business. The turmoil drew in a broad range of stakeholders. In a rare chain of events, non-unionized workers and managers engineered a change in senior management of the company. Their willingness to sacrifice their livelihoods in support of one person exemplifies the impact that can be made by a single, authentic, leader. This case draws upon secondary sources which provide insight into broad panoply of business and organizational behavior issues. The primary focus of the case, however, is leadership. Research methodology This case was developed using secondary sources and court documents that reported on the events that precipitated the problems at Market Basket as well as the strike and aftermath. Relevant courses and levels Management principles, organizational behavior. All undergraduate class levels would be appropriate. Theoretical bases This case exemplifies these three major theories in a real-life situation: stakeholder theory, corporate culture theory, organizational commitment.

From the natural continuum to the elastic spring cell in three and two dimensions -- a flexibility approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1676-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
I St Doltsinis
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Elements ◽  
Lattice Models ◽  
Anisotropic Elasticity ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Space Structures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose The employment of spring cell substitutes for the numerical analysis of solids and structures in place of finite elements has occasioned research on the subject with regard to both, the applicability of existing approaches and the advancement of concepts. This paper aims to explore in the context of linear elasticity the substitution of the simplex tetrahedral element in space and the triangle in the plane by corresponding spring cells deduced on a flexibility basis using the natural formalism. Design/methodology/approach The natural formalism is characterized by the homogeneous definition of strain and stress along the lines connecting nodes of the simplex tetrahedron and the triangle. The elastic compliance involves quantities along the prospective spring directions and offers itself for the transition to the spring cell. The diagonal entities are interpreted immediately as spring flexibilities, the off-diagonal terms account for the completeness of the substitution. In addition to the isotropic elastic material, the concept is discussed for anisotropic elasticity in the plane. Findings The natural point of view establishes the spring cell as part of the continuum element. The simplest configuration of pin-joined bars discards all geometrical and physical cross effects. The approach is attracting by its transparent simplicity, revealing deficiencies of the spring cell and identifying directly conditions for the complete substitution of the finite element. Research limitations/implications The spring cell counterparts of the tetrahedral- and the triangular finite elements allow employment in problems in three and two dimensions. However, the deficient nature of the approximation requires attention in the design of the discretization lattice such that the conditions of complete finite element substitution are approached as close as possible. Practical implications Apart from plane geometries, triangular spring cells have been assembled to lattice models of space structures such as membrane shells and similar. Tetrahedral cells have been used, in modelling plates and shell structures exhibiting bending stiffness. Originality/value The natural formalism of simplex finite elements in three and two dimensions is used for defining spring cells on a flexibility basis and exploring their properties. This is a novel approach to spring cells and an original employment of the natural concept in isotropic and anisotropic elasticity.

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