Learners’ attention preferences of information in online learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Mu ◽  
Meng Cui ◽  
Xiao Jin Wang ◽  
Jin Xiu Qiao ◽  
Dong Mei Tang
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Online Learners ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Learning Content ◽  
Eye Movement Tracking ◽  
Movement Tracking ◽  
Tracking Technology

Purpose This study aims to use eye-tracking technology to conduct an empirical study about online learning process analysis, thus aiming to understand the attentional preferences and learning paths in online learners. Design/methodology/approach With eye movement tracking and data analysing technology, the Tobii X120 eye-tracking instrument, Tobii studio and online learning platform are used to record and visualise data of eye moving and learning steps during the real task-based online learning processes of 14 online learners. According to Barbara A. Soloman’s learning style classification framework, these learners’ learning style was presented in four dimensions. Based on data of eye moving, leaning style and operation in online course, the correlation about learners’ preferences of learning content, online learning paths and learning style were analysed based on according data. Findings The paper provides empirical insights about how change is brought about during online learning. It is found that there is no significant difference in attention preference between the students with the difference on the learning style of visual-verbal, although each person has a different attention preference on the learning content. Research limitations/implications The limitation of this study is that only one common type of video learning process is studied. The learning process of various types of instructional videos in online learning will be done in future research. Practical implications In this study, eye-movement tracking technology is used to understand students’ learning path and learning preference in the online learning process, which is helpful to optimise the online learning process and improve the efficiency of online learning. Social implications This research findings have been approved by relevant experts and have won the first prize in the school-level competition of South China Normal University in China. Originality/value In this study, the technology of psychology (eye-tracking technology) is introduced into the study of real task-based online learning process in the subject of educational technology, realising the integration of multi-disciplinary research techniques and methods.

scholarly journals Techniques Used for Eye Gaze Interfaces and Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Maria Rashid ◽  
Wardah Mehmood ◽  
Aliya Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Image Process ◽  
Usability Problems ◽  
Software Algorithms ◽  
Pupil Detection ◽  
Eye Movement Tracking ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Movement Tracking

Eye movement tracking is a method that is now-a-days used for checking the usability problems in the contexts of Human Computer Interaction (HCI). Firstly we present eye tracking technology and key elements.We tend to evaluate the behavior of the use when they are using the interace of eye gaze. Used different techniques i.e. electro-oculography, infrared oculography, video oculography, image process techniques, scrolling techniques, different models, probable approaches i.e. shape based approach, appearance based methods, 2D and 3D models based approach and different software algorithms for pupil detection etc. We have tried to compare the surveys based on their geometric properties and reportable accuracies and eventually we conclude this study by giving some prediction regarding future eye-gaze. We point out some techniques by using various eyes properties comprising nature, appearance and gesture or some combination for eye tracking and detection. Result displays eye-gaze technique is faster and better approach for selection than a mouse selection. Rate of error for all the matters determines that there have been no errors once choosing from main menus with eye mark and with mouse. But there have been a chance of errors when once choosing from sub menus in case of eye mark. So, maintain head constantly in front of eye gaze monitor.

Seeking attention: an eye tracking study of in-store merchandise displays

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Huddleston ◽  
Bridget K. Behe ◽  
Stella Minahan ◽  
R. Thomas Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tracking Technology

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the role that visual measures of attention to product and information and price display signage have on purchase intention. The authors assessed the effect of visual attention to the product, information or price sign on purchase intention, as measured by likelihood to buy. Design/methodology/approach – The authors used eye-tracking technology to collect data from Australian and US garden centre customers, who viewed eight plant displays in which the signs had been altered to show either price or supplemental information (16 images total). The authors compared the role of visual attention to price and information sign, and the role of visual attention to the product when either sign was present on likelihood to buy. Findings – Overall, providing product information on a sign without price elicited higher likelihood to buy than providing a sign with price. The authors found a positive relationship between visual attention to price on the display sign and likelihood to buy, but an inverse relationship between visual attention to information and likelihood to buy. Research limitations/implications – An understanding of the attention-capturing power of merchandise display elements, especially signs, has practical significance. The findings will assist retailers in creating more effective and efficient display signage content, for example, featuring the product information more prominently than the price. The study was conducted on a minimally packaged product, live plants, which may reduce the ability to generalize findings to other product types. Practical implications – The findings will assist retailers in creating more effective and efficient display signage content. The study used only one product category (plants) which may reduce the ability to generalize findings to other product types. Originality/value – The study is one of the first to use eye-tracking in a macro-level, holistic investigation of the attention-capturing value of display signage information and its relationship to likelihood to buy. Researchers, for the first time, now have the ability to empirically test the degree to which attention and decision-making are linked.

scholarly journals Workshop Dan Pendampingan Pembuatan Game Edukasi Berbasis Android Bagi Guru SDN 2 Cakranegara

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Muhammad Makki ◽  
Dyah Indraswati ◽  
Muhammad Erfan ◽  
Aisa Nikmah Rahmatih ◽  
Vivi Rachmatul Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Educational Games ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Learning Content ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
The Face ◽  
Face To Face Learning

The Covid-19 pandemic has led to policies that make teachers and students have to adapt the face-to-face learning model to online learning. The teacher of SD N 2 Cakranegara admits that there are limitations to the variety of audio-visual learning media used. The teachers also don't know and have never tried to develop game games with learning content, even though Android-based games are very possible to be developed and accessed portable on smartphones, the majority of which are already owned by teachers and students. The provision of workshops and assistance in making Android-based educational games for SD N 2 Cakranegara teachers aims to improve skills in creating and developing learning media in the form of educational games and maximizing the use of smartphones. The targeted output in this service activity is the existence of educational games that are ready to be used for the online learning process through appsgeyser.com and quickappninja.com.  

scholarly journals Dampak Metode Pembelajaran Dari bagi Ketuntasan Belajar Siswa

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-129
Author(s):  
Franty Faldy Palempung ◽  
Ferry J N Sumual
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Online Learners ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Impact

­Abstrak: Tulisan ini secara spesifik memaparkan dampak metode pembelajaran daring bagi ketuntasan belajar siswa. Peristiwa Covid-19 yang terjadi awal tahun 2020 hingga sampai sekarang, masih menyebakan kesulitan bagi semua element. Imbas dari pandemi ini di sektor Pendidikan mengharuskan pembelajaran online dilaksanakan. Akibat dari penerapan pembelajaran daring ini, masih menyebabkan kesulitan bagi sebagai indvidu bahkan institusi karena masih belum lengkapnya pra-sarana dalam kegiatan pembelajara daring. Topik ini ditulis dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriftif dengan pendekatan studi literatur. Hasil pada uraian ini mengemukakan bahwa pengertian ketuntasan belajar menurut Permendikbud adalah pencapaian kompetensi sikap, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan meliputi ketuntasan penguasaan substansi dan ketuntasan belajar dalam konteks kurun waktu belajar. Ketuntasan belajar peserta didik merupakan komponen keluaran yang diperoleh dari hasil suatu proses pembelajaran yang didukung oleh orang tua, guru dan lingkungan. Berhasil tidaknya pembelajaran daring bagi ketuntasan pembelajaran, diperlukan kerja sama semua komponen Pendidikan itu sendiri.Abstract: This paper specifically describes the impact of online learning methods on the completion of student learning. The Covid-19 event that occurred in early 2020 until now, still makes it difficult for all elements. The impact of this pandemic in the Education sector requires that online learning be implemented. As a result of the application of online learning in, still causes difficulties for as an individual even an institution because it is still incomplete pre-facilities in the activities of online learners. This topic is written using qualitative methods with a literature study approach. The results in this description suggest that the understanding of the completion of learning according to Permendikbud is the achievement of attitude competence. Knowledge, and skills include the completion of the mastery of substance and the completion of learning in the context of the study period. The completion of learning of learners is a component of the output obtained from the results of a learning process supported by parents, teachers and the environment. The success of online learning for the completion of learning, requires the cooperation of all components of Education itself.

Curriculum Development for Online Learners

2012 ◽  
pp. 88-104
Author(s):  
Lesley S. J. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Curriculum Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Online Learners ◽  
Management Issues

This chapter focuses on curriculum development issues as they apply to online education. Curriculum and its development are defined and contextualized within online learning environments. The development of online-delivered curriculum is impacted by social forces, the treatment of knowledge, human development, the learning process, technology, and management issues.

Investigating the appeal of a visitor guide: a triangulated approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1539-1562
Author(s):  
Ye (Sandy) Shen ◽  
Michael Lever ◽  
Marion Joppe
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Related Information ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Destination Management Organizations ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Tracking Technology ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Destination management organizations deliver travel-related information through visitor guides to build destination awareness and attract potential tourists. Therefore, this research aims to investigate how people read such a guide, understand their attitudes and to provide recommendations on enhancing its design. Design/methodology/approach This research used eye-tracking technology in tandem with surveys and in-depth interviews. Eye-tracking technology uncovered the elements of a visitor guide that attracted particular attention, whereas surveys and interviews provided deeper insights into people’s attitudes toward them. Findings People do not spend attention equally on each page of a visitor guide. Instead, they look at the reference points (i.e. photo credits, photos, headings and bolded words) and then read the adjacent areas if the information triggers their interest. The characteristics of the attractive components of a visitor guide were discussed and suggestions on designing a more appealing guide were provided. Research limitations/implications The triangulated approach not only generated objective and insightful results but also enhanced research validity. This exploratory sequential mixed method can usefully be applied to test other stimuli and assess attention. Practical implications To be deemed appealing, a visitor guide should avoid ads unrelated to the destination, include more photos, use the list format and bolded words, add stories or selected comments from social media and provide well-designed maps. Originality/value This research fills a gap in the literature by using a triangulated approach including eye-tracking, survey and interviews to examine a 68-page visitor guide. The concept of reference-point reading behavior is proposed. Practical implications are discussed to improve the design of a visitor guide.

The use of eye-tracking technology to identify visualisers and verbalisers: accuracy and contributing factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-247
Author(s):  
Zhanni Luo ◽  
Billy O'Steen ◽  
Cheryl Brown
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Learning Systems ◽  
Learning Context ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Accuracy Measure ◽  
Adaptive Learning Systems ◽  
Tracking Technology

Purpose To build adaptive learning systems for a better learning experience, designers need to identify users’ behaviour patterns and provide adaptive learning materials accordingly. This study involved a quasi-experiment and also this paper aims to investigate the accuracy of eye-tracking technology in identifying visualisers and verbalisers and the contributing factors to diverse levels of accuracy, which lays the foundation for the establishment of adaptive learning systems. Design/methodology/approach The authors prepared eight documents with different image-text combinations with the intention of triggering participants’ natural reading habits. By analysing the eye-movement data, this author categorised the 22 participants as visualisers or verbalisers. The results were compared for accuracy measure with participants’ self-reports in response to the index of learning style questionnaire. Findings The results showed that visualisers and verbalisers presented significantly different eye-movement patterns, which was confirmed by the fixation data from the Tobii eye-tracker with the detection accuracy ranged from 38% to 77%. Various factors contributed to a range of levels of accuracy, including highlighted elements, learning context, complex background, low relevance of images and texts, learner differences, awareness of experimental settings, self-conception and prior knowledge. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper investigating the feasibility of eye-tracking technology to identify visualisers and verbalisers for the development of adaptive learning systems.

scholarly journals Eye tracking in library and information science: a literature review

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haakon Lund
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reference Databases ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Tracking Technology

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic literature review of the application of eye-tracking technology within the field of library and information science. Eye-tracking technology has now reached a level of maturity, which makes the use of the technology more accessible. Subsequently, a growing interest in employing eye tracking as a methodology within library and information science research must be anticipated. Design/methodology/approach The review follows the guidelines set in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations. Two reference databases are searched for relevant references: Library and Information Science Abstracts and Library, Information Science and Technology Abstracts. The main selection criteria are peer-reviewed literature that describes the experimental setting, including which eye-tracking equipment was used, the number of test persons and reports on the eye-tracking measures. Furthermore, this study will report which other methods were applied in combination with eye tracking. Findings The number of published research utilizing eye-tracking technologies within library and information science (LIS) is still limited although an increase in the use of eye-tracking technologies is observed during recent years. Originality/value To the knowledge of the author, this is the first systematic review on eye-tracking technology and application in LIS.

KINAESTHETIC LEARNING STYLE AND ITS USAGE IN LEARNING PROCESS IN BASIC SCHOOL

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 180-190
Author(s):  
Lolita Jonāne
Keyword(s):  
Learning Style ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Teaching Style ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Learning Content ◽  
Basic School ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Relaxation Exercises

The aim of the research is to explore the possibilities and methodological solutions of using kinaesthetic teaching style in the teaching/learning process in basic school and its impact on pupil involvement in learning activities and attainment of goals. Qualitative  and quantitative methods  - experienced teacher’s survey and student-trainee survey  after observation and analysys of lessons at school are used during the study. It is concluded that: 1)the kinesthetic style of learning involves different forms - tactile, movement-based learning, warm-up and relaxation exercises; 2)it is applicable at all stages of education and in teaching/ learning and extra-curricular activities; 3) it is effective during the classroom if it is consistent with the age of the pupils and the learning content. The survey concluded that majority of surveyed teachers positively evaluate the kinesthetic teaching/ learning style and quite often apply it in their lessons according to their competence.  

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