Resting heart rate and risk of violent encounters during arrest in a sample of law enforcement officers

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryanna Fox ◽  
Lauren N. Miley ◽  
Richard K. Moule Jr
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Purpose Research indicates that a link exists between resting heart rate (RHR) and various forms of antisocial, violent and criminal behavior among community and criminal samples. However, the relationship between RHR and engagement in aggressive/violent encounters among law enforcement has not yet been examined. The purpose of this paper is to examine the link between RHR and engagement in violent encounters using prospective longitudinal data on a sample of law enforcement officers in the USA. Design/methodology/approach Negative binomial regression, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox hazard regressions are conducted using a sample of 544 police officers to determine if there a relationship between RHR and engagement in violent encounters by law enforcement, even when controlling for demographics, biological and social covariates. Findings Results indicate that higher RHR is associated with an increased risk of officers engaging in a violent altercation, as measured by the number of arrests for suspects resisting arrest with violence, even after controlling for all other relevant factors. Originality/value This study was the first to examine police officers RHR levels and its associated with violent altercations during arrest using a rigorous statistical methodology.

“The beat of my heart”: the relationship between resting heart rate and psychopathy in a prospective longitudinal study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette Bergstrøm ◽  
David P. Farrington
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationships

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between resting heart rate (RHR) and psychopathy. The literature on heart rate vs criminality (including violence) is quite clear; low RHR is associated with engaging in violent and criminal behavior. However, results are not as consistent for psychopathy. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyzes heart rate measured at ages 18 and 48, and psychopathy at age 48, in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (CSDD). The CSDD is a prospective longitudinal study that has followed 411 boys from childhood to middle age, and measured social and biological factors of interest to the field of criminal psychology. Findings Interestingly, it was only heart rate at age 18 that was negatively and significantly related to psychopathy at age 48. No trends or relationships were found between heart rate at age 48 and psychopathy at age 48. The findings do, however, indicate that low heart rate at age 18 predicts psychopathy at age 48, and the strongest negative relationships are found between low heart rate (beats per minute) and impulsive and antisocial psychopathic symptoms. Originality/value This is the first ever longitudinal study showing that low RHR predicts later psychopathy. Suggestions for future research are outlined.

High resting heart rate protects against childhood risk factors in predicting adult psychopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Farrington ◽  
Henriette Bergstrøm
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Psychosocial Risk Factors ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Purpose Previous research has indicated that low resting heart rate (RHR), measured at age 18, predicts later psychopathy, and that high RHR acts as a protective factor in nullifying the influence of several psychosocial risk factors in predicting later antisocial and criminal outcomes. This paper aims to investigate high RHR as a protective factor against age 8–10 psychosocial risk factors in predicting psychopathy factors at age 48 (measured by the PCL:SV). Design/methodology/approach Data collected in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development are analyzed. This is a prospective longitudinal study of 411 London males from age 8 to age 61. Findings This paper first reports the age 8–10 psychosocial risk factors that predict the interpersonal/affective Factor 1 and the lifestyle/antisocial Factor 2. Then interaction effects with high RHR are studied. The results indicate that high RHR acts as a protective factor against a convicted father and a depressed mother in predicting both psychopathy factors. It also protected against harsh discipline, large family size, low verbal IQ, high hyperactivity, poor parental supervision and a high delinquency-rate school in predicting one of these psychopathy factors, and against a convicted mother in a sensitivity analysis. Originality/value This is the first ever longitudinal study showing that high RHR acts as a protective factor in the prediction of psychopathy. The replicated results with different antisocial outcomes show that more research is warranted on the protective effects of high RHR.

The feasibility of using real-time, objective measurements of physiological stress among law enforcement officers in Dallas, Texas

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-710
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Reingle Gonzalez ◽  
Katelyn K. Jetelina ◽  
Stephen A. Bishopp ◽  
Melvin D. Livingston ◽  
Rodolfo A. Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Unintentional Injury ◽  
Police Training ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Increased Risk

Purpose Law enforcement officers (LEOs) suffer from premature mortality, intentional and unintentional injury, suicide and are at an increased risk for several non-communicable disease outcomes including cardiovascular disease and several cancers, compared to those employed in other occupations. Repeated exposure to stressful and traumatic stimuli is a possible mechanism driving these adverse health outcomes among LEOs. To better identify the sources of these health problems, the purpose of this paper is to determine the feasibility of conducting a cohort study using physiological measures of stress (e.g. heart rate) with LEOs; perceptions of the FitBit device, including LEO buy-in and attitudes associated with the protocol. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from ten recent graduates of the Dallas Police Training Academy. Findings Results suggest that officer buy-in and protocol compliance was high. Officers were eager to participate in this study, and completion of weekly surveys was 100 percent. Minute-level missing data from wearable devices was relatively low (25 percent), and 90 percent of participants wore the FitBit devices on more than 90 percent of study days. Originality/value Results from this study suggest that wearable physiological devices can be effectively used in law enforcement populations to measure stress.

Determinants of police officers' support for the public-private partnerships (PPPs) in policing cyberspace

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-892
Author(s):  
Seung Yeop Paek ◽  
Mahesh K. Nalla ◽  
Julak Lee
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Illegal Activities

PurposeThis exploratory research examined law enforcement officers' attitudes toward the public-private partnerships (PPPs) in policing cyberspace. Particularly, by investigating the predictors of police officers' support for the PPPs, the authors aimed to offer practical implications for maintaining order and responding to illegal activities in the virtual environment.Design/methodology/approachA convenience sample of South Korean police officers was surveyed using a paper-and-pencil questionnaire.FindingsThe findings showed that officer perceptions of the seriousness and the frequency of property cybercrimes, computer proficiency and awareness of a lack of training were positively associated with the support for the PPPs. In addition, years of experience was negatively related to the support for the PPPs.Originality/valueLaw enforcement officers' perceptions toward public-private cooperation in combatting cybercrime have never been examined. This research fills the gap by exploring the predictors of officer support for cross-sectoral partnerships within the framework of nodal governance security in the cultural context of South Korea.

Financing terrorism through hawala banking in Switzerland

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Maximilian Johannes Teichmann
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Online Searches ◽  
Financing Of Terrorism ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to illustrate the feasibility of circumventing the Swiss financial sector’s compliance mechanisms by financing terrorism through hawala networks. Design/methodology/approach Based upon a qualitative content analysis of 15 informal interviews with providers of illegal financial services and 15 formal interviews with compliance experts and law enforcement officers, the general suitability of hawala networks for the financing of terrorism was assessed and concrete methods of doing so were better understood. In addition, it is shown how terrorists can limit their risks in using the services of hawala bankers. Findings Hawala banking in Switzerland is extraordinarily useful for the financing of terrorism. Research limitations/implications The findings are based on semi-standardized interviews limited to the perspectives of the 30 interviewees. Practical implications Law enforcement and intelligence agencies must be provided with additional tools, such as a broader scope of allowable activity for undercover police officers and the possibility of secretly conducting remote online searches of electronic devices. While this article focuses on Switzerland, its findings could be applied on a global level. Originality/value While the existing literature focuses on understanding the channels terrorists can use to finance their activities and on developing prevention mechanisms, this paper describes exactly how terrorism can be financed through hawala networks in Switzerland.

scholarly journals Investigating the Routine Dispatch Tasks Performed by Police Officers

Safety ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Robin Orr ◽  
Benjamin Hinton ◽  
Andrew Wilson ◽  
Rodney Pope ◽  
Jay Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Work Rehabilitation ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dispatch System ◽  
System Data ◽  
Years Of Service ◽  
Or Task

Police officers perform a variety of physical tasks that can range from deskwork to chasing down fleeing suspects on foot. If not sufficiently prepared these tasks can lead to an increased risk of injury or task failure. The aim of this study was to profile the routine dispatch tasks performed by the Australian law enforcement officers of a state police force by frequency and duration. Participants for this study (n = 53: male n = 43, age = 33.5 ± 7.7 years, years of service = 7.2 ± 6.4 years: Female n = 10; age = 31.6 ± 9.1 years, years of service = 7.1 ± 6.1 years) were drawn from ten different police stations. Data reporting the tasks attended, their priorities, and their durations were gathered from a computer-aided dispatch system. Data from 77 shifts (3.8 ± 4.0 tasks/shift) captured 292 tasks attended (29.2 ± 17.5 task per station). ‘Check bona fides’ (checking an individual’s identification; 27%) was the most frequently occurring task followed by attending a domestic incident (14%). The longest task was attending an accident (mean = 43.50 ± 78.85 min, range 2–249 min). The results of this study suggest that police tasks are highly varied in terms of type and duration and these may differ between regions. An understanding of the dispatch tasks police officers are required to attend can inform injury mitigation and return-to-work rehabilitation practices.

Hidden danger

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-344
Author(s):  
John M. Violanti ◽  
Desta Fekedulegn ◽  
Mingming Shi ◽  
Michael E. Andrew
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Wellness Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Rate Frequency

PurposeLaw enforcement is a dangerous profession not only due to assaults, accidents and homicides but also due to health risks. This study examined trends in the national frequency and rate of law enforcement job-related illness deaths in the United States over a 22-year period (1997–2018).Design/methodology/approachData were obtained from the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund (NLEOMF) on death frequencies related to health issues at work. Death rates were based on the total number of police officers in the United States [rate = (frequency/population at risk) × 100,000]. Trends were examined using standardized regression.FindingsA total of 646 deaths were attributed to job-related illness. There was a significant upward trend in overall job-related illness deaths (frequency analyses: β = 0.88, p < 0.0001; rate analyses: β = 0.82, p ≤ 0.0001) mainly driven by a significant increase in 911 cancer deaths (frequency analyses: β = 0.88, p < 0.0001; rate analyses: β = 0.88, p ≤ 0.0001). Nearly 82 percent of circulatory deaths were from a heart attack, with an average death age of 46.5 years.Research limitations/implicationsDeaths were not included if they failed to meet medical requirements of the NLEOMF. The data are descriptive, do not estimate risk and should be interpreted cautiously.Practical implicationsPolice wellness programs may help to reduce the danger of deaths associated with job-related illness.Originality/valueThis is among the first studies to examine frequency and rate of police health–related deaths due to job exposures.

scholarly journals RESTING HEART RATE MODERATES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS, MCI, AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S641-S641
Author(s):  
Shanna L Burke
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Little is known about how resting heart rate moderates the relationship between neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive status. This study examined the relative risk of NPS on increasingly severe cognitive statuses and examined the extent to which resting heart rate moderates this relationship. A secondary analysis of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set was undertaken, using observations from participants with normal cognition at baseline (13,470). The relative risk of diagnosis with a more severe cognitive status at a future visit was examined using log-binomial regression for each neuropsychiatric symptom. The moderating effect of resting heart rate among those who are later diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was assessed. Delusions, hallucinations, agitation, depression, anxiety, elation, apathy, disinhibition, irritability, motor disturbance, nighttime behaviors, and appetite disturbance were all significantly associated (p&lt;.001) with an increased risk of AD, and a reduced risk of MCI. Resting heart rate increased the risk of AD but reduced the relative risk of MCI. Depression significantly interacted with resting heart rate to increase the relative risk of MCI (RR: 1.07 (95% CI: 1.00-1.01), p&lt;.001), but not AD. Neuropsychiatric symptoms increase the relative risk of AD but not MCI, which may mean that the deleterious effect of NPS is delayed until later and more severe stages of the disease course. Resting heart rate increases the relative risk of MCI among those with depression. Practitioners considering early intervention in neuropsychiatric symptomology may consider the downstream benefits of treatment considering the long-term effects of NPS.

scholarly journals Legal consequences of illegal use of firearms by police officers

2021 ◽  
pp. 222-229
Author(s):  
Andrey Koblenkov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Legal Consequences

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal consequences of incompetent actions of police officers in the use of firearms. The author assesses the circumstances and consequences of the use of firearms by law enforcement officers against offenders.

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