The Impact of Graph Slope on Rate of Change Judgments in Corporate Reports

Background: Age-related changes in biological processes such as physiological dysregulation (the progressive loss of homeostatic capacity) vary considerably among older adults and may influence health profiles in late life. These differences could be related, at least in part, to the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as sex and physical activity level (PAL). Objectives: The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the magnitude and rate of changes in physiological dysregulation in men and women according to PAL and (2) to determine whether/how sex and PAL mediate the apparent influence of physiological dysregulation on health outcomes (frailty and mortality). Methods: We used data on 1,754 community-dwelling older adults (age = 74.4 ± 4.2 years; women = 52.4%) of the Quebec NuAge cohort study. Physiological dysregulation was calculated based on Mahalanobis distance of 31 biomarkers regrouped into 5 systems: oxygen transport, liver/kidney function, leukopoiesis, micronutrients, and lipids. Results: As expected, mean physiological dysregulation significantly increased with age while PAL decreased. For the same age and PAL, men showed higher levels of physiological dysregulation globally in 3 systems: oxygen transport, liver/kidney function, and leukopoiesis. Men also showed faster global physiological dysregulation in the liver/kidney and leukopoiesis systems. Overall, high PAL was associated with lower level and slower rate of change of physiological dysregulation. Finally, while mortality and frailty risk significantly increased with physiological dysregulation, there was no evidence for differences in these effects between sexes and PAL. Conclusion: Our results showed that both sex and PAL have a significant effect on physiological dysregulation levels and rates of change. Also, although a higher PAL was associated with lower level and slower rate of change of physiological dysregulation, there was no evidence that PAL attenuates the effect of physiological dysregulation on subsequent declines in health at the end of life. Substantial work remains to understand how modifiable behaviors impact the relationship between physiological dysregulation, frailty, and mortality in men and women.

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Independent and combined impact of hypoxia and acute inorganic nitrate ingestion on thermoregulatory responses to the cold

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-021-04602-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 121 (4) ◽

pp. 1207-1218

Author(s):

Josh T. Arnold ◽

Stephen J. Bailey ◽

Simon G. Hodder ◽

Naoto Fujii ◽

Alex B. Lloyd

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cooling Rate ◽

Skin Blood Flow ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Onset Time ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Vascular Control ◽

Delta Change ◽

Core Cooling ◽

The Impact

Abstract Purpose This study assessed the impact of normobaric hypoxia and acute nitrate ingestion on shivering thermogenesis, cutaneous vascular control, and thermometrics in response to cold stress. Method Eleven male volunteers underwent passive cooling at 10 °C air temperature across four conditions: (1) normoxia with placebo ingestion, (2) hypoxia (0.130 FiO2) with placebo ingestion, (3) normoxia with 13 mmol nitrate ingestion, and (4) hypoxia with nitrate ingestion. Physiological metrics were assessed as a rate of change over 45 min to determine heat loss, and at the point of shivering onset to determine the thermogenic thermoeffector threshold. Result Independently, hypoxia expedited shivering onset time (p = 0.05) due to a faster cooling rate as opposed to a change in central thermoeffector thresholds. Specifically, compared to normoxia, hypoxia increased skin blood flow (p = 0.02), leading to an increased core-cooling rate (p = 0.04) and delta change in rectal temperature (p = 0.03) over 45 min, yet the same rectal temperature at shivering onset (p = 0.9). Independently, nitrate ingestion delayed shivering onset time (p = 0.01), mediated by a change in central thermoeffector thresholds, independent of changes in peripheral heat exchange. Specifically, compared to placebo ingestion, no difference was observed in skin blood flow (p = 0.5), core-cooling rate (p = 0.5), or delta change in rectal temperature (p = 0.7) over 45 min, while nitrate reduced rectal temperature at shivering onset (p = 0.04). No interaction was observed between hypoxia and nitrate ingestion. Conclusion These data improve our understanding of how hypoxia and nitric oxide modulate cold thermoregulation.

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The Impact of Sarcopenia and Its Rate of Change on Prognostic Value of Liver Cirrhosis

Journal of Korean Medical Science ◽

10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e334 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (50) ◽

Author(s):

Seong Hee Kang ◽

Moon Young Kim ◽

Soon Koo Baik

Keyword(s):

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

The Impact

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Studi Laju Perubahan Garis Pantai di Pesisir Tenggara Bali Menggunakan Citra Satelit Landsat (Studi Kasus Kabupaten Gianyar dan Klungkung)

Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.24843/jmas.2017.v3.i02.204-214 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 204

Author(s):

I Nengah Jaya Nugraha ◽

I Wayan Gede Astawa Karang ◽

I Gusti Bagus Sila Dharma

Keyword(s):

Landsat Imagery ◽

Shoreline Change ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Band Ratio ◽

Preliminary Information ◽

Landsat 7 ◽

Combination Of Methods ◽

Analysis System ◽

The Impact

Erosion and abrasion are the events that led to the beach shoreline position changes. The impact of climate change is the rise in sea level also causes changes in the coastline. South East coast of Bali, especially along the coast Gianyar and Klungkung changing coastline. This study aims to identify and calculate the rate of shoreline change in Gianyar and Klungkung from 1995 to 2015. The study was a preliminary information shoreline change and do not analyze the causes such as tides, currents, waves, and wind. The method used remote sensing analysis with the extraction of the coastline from the Landsat 5 satellite images in 1995, Landsat 7 in 2005, and Landsat 8 2015. Landsat imagery analyzed by a combination of methods approach the threshold and band ratio of wave infrared and green. Image processing using software Quantum GIS 2.8 and System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses (SAGA) GIS 2.2, extention Digintal Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) to make calculations transect coastline. The results of the analysis of overlaying identify coastline in Gianyar and Klungkung change at a rate that varies every village. The rate of change of coastline in Gianyar due to accretion between 0.5096 - 8.6074 m / yr, while due to erosion between -3.7343 to -1.3201 m / yr. The rate of change in Klungkung regency coastline due to accretion between 0.6337 - 2.6875 m / yr, while due to erosion between -8.8795 to -0.8833 m / yr.

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DEBT STABILIZATION IN THE PRESENCE OF ENDOGENOUS RISK PREMIA: A DYNAMIC GAME APPROACH

Macroeconomic Dynamics ◽

10.1017/s1365100517000906 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (07) ◽

pp. 2616-2648 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tzanis Anevlavis ◽

George Papavassilopoulos ◽

Jacob Engwerda ◽

Bas van Aarle

Keyword(s):

Risk Premium ◽

Sovereign Debt ◽

Dynamic Game ◽

Risk Premia ◽

Open Loop ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Fiscal Sustainability ◽

Endogenous Risk ◽

Dynamics And Control ◽

The Impact

This paper focuses on the possibility that financial markets require risk premia on holding sovereign debt of countries that appear vulnerable from a fiscal sustainability perspective. Both the level of debt as well as the rate of change of debt are assumed to impact on the risk premium. We analyze the impact of such an endogenous risk premium in a simple debt game between a monetary and a fiscal player, as introduced by [Tabellini (1986) Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 10, 427–442]. The risk premium term adds a nonlinearity to the linear model in case risk premia are absent. We analyze outcomes in case of noncooperative open-loop Nash strategies and in case of cooperative strategies and consider the workings of the risk premium as a market-based disciplining device (in case of high debt) and adjustment rewarding device (in case of a declining debt trajectory).

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Parents’ Perceptions of Student Academic Motivation During the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross-Country Comparison

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2020.592670 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Sonia Zaccoletti ◽

Ana Camacho ◽

Nadine Correia ◽

Cecília Aguiar ◽

Lucia Mason ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Distance Learning ◽

Extracurricular Activities ◽

Academic Motivation ◽

Change Score ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

School Closures ◽

Latent Change Score ◽

Score Model ◽

Teachers And Parents ◽

The Impact

The COVID-19 outbreak has ravaged all societal domains, including education. Home confinement, school closures, and distance learning impacted students, teachers, and parents’ lives worldwide. In this study, we aimed to examine the impact of COVID-19-related restrictions on Italian and Portuguese students’ academic motivation as well as investigate the possible buffering role of extracurricular activities. Following a retrospective pretest–posttest design, 567 parents (nItaly = 173, nPortugal = 394) reported on their children’s academic motivation and participation in extracurricular activities (grades 1 to 9). We used a multi-group latent change score model to compare Italian and Portuguese students’: (1) pre-COVID mean motivation scores; (2) rate of change in motivation; (3) individual variation in the rate of change in motivation; and (4) dependence of the rate of change on initial motivation scores. Estimates of latent change score models showed a decrease in students’ motivation both in Italy and in Portugal, although more pronounced in Italian students. Results also indicated that the decrease in students’ participation in extracurricular activities was associated with changes in academic motivation (i.e., students with a lower decrease in participation in extracurricular activities had also a lower decrease in motivation). Furthermore, students’ age was significantly associated with changes in motivation (i.e., older students had lower decrease). No significant associations were found for students’ gender nor for parents’ education. This study provides an important contribution to the study of students’ academic motivation during home confinement, school closures, and distance learning as restrictive measures adopted to contain a worldwide health emergency. We contend that teachers need to adopt motivation-enhancing practices as means to prevent the decline in academic motivation during exceptional situations.

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Lung function over the life course of paediatric and adult patients with cystic fibrosis from a large multi-centre registry

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-74502-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Arul Earnest ◽

Farhad Salimi ◽

Claire E. Wainwright ◽

Scott C. Bell ◽

Rasa Ruseckaite ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Lung Function ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Data Registry ◽

Mortality Outcome ◽

The Impact

Abstract A key measure of lung function in people with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second FEV1 percent predicted (FEV1pp). This study aimed to address challenges in identifying predictors of FEV1pp, specifically dealing with non-linearity and the censoring effect of death. Data was obtained from a large multi-centre Australian Cystic Fibrosis Data Registry (ACFDR). A linear mixed model was used to study FEV1pp as the endpoint. There were 3655 patients (52.4% male) included in our study. Restricted cubic splines were used to fit the non-linear relationship between age of visit and FEV1pp. The following predictors were found to be significant in the multivariate model: age of patient at visit, BMI z-score, age interaction with lung transplantation, insulin dependent diabetes, cirrhosis/portal hypertension, pancreatic insufficiency, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and baseline variability in FEV1pp. Those with P. aeruginosa infection had a lower mean difference in FEV1pp of 4.7 units, p < 0.001 compared to those who did not have the infection. Joint modelling with mortality outcome did not materially affect our findings. These models will prove useful for to study the impact of CFTR modulator therapies on rate of change of lung function among patients with CF.

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A Match-based approach to the estimation of polar stratospheric ozone loss using Aura Microwave Limb Sounder observations

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-15-9945-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (17) ◽

pp. 9945-9963 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

N. J. Livesey ◽

M. L. Santee ◽

G. L. Manney

Keyword(s):

Stratospheric Ozone ◽

Potential Temperature ◽

Polar Vortex ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

The Arctic ◽

Air Mass ◽

Ozone Loss ◽

Chemical Destruction ◽

Induced Changes ◽

The Impact

Abstract. The well-established "Match" approach to quantifying chemical destruction of ozone in the polar lower stratosphere is applied to ozone observations from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on NASA's Aura spacecraft. Quantification of ozone loss requires distinguishing transport- and chemically induced changes in ozone abundance. This is accomplished in the Match approach by examining cases where trajectories indicate that the same air mass has been observed on multiple occasions. The method was pioneered using ozonesonde observations, for which hundreds of matched ozone observations per winter are typically available. The dense coverage of the MLS measurements, particularly at polar latitudes, allows matches to be made to thousands of observations each day. This study is enabled by recently developed MLS Lagrangian trajectory diagnostic (LTD) support products. Sensitivity studies indicate that the largest influence on the ozone loss estimates are the value of potential vorticity (PV) used to define the edge of the polar vortex (within which matched observations must lie) and the degree to which the PV of an air mass is allowed to vary between matched observations. Applying Match calculations to MLS observations of nitrous oxide, a long-lived tracer whose expected rate of change is negligible on the weekly to monthly timescales considered here, enables quantification of the impact of transport errors on the Match-based ozone loss estimates. Our loss estimates are generally in agreement with previous estimates for selected Arctic winters, though indicating smaller losses than many other studies. Arctic ozone losses are greatest during the 2010/11 winter, as seen in prior studies, with 2.0 ppmv (parts per million by volume) loss estimated at 450 K potential temperature (~ 18 km altitude). As expected, Antarctic winter ozone losses are consistently greater than those for the Arctic, with less interannual variability (e.g., ranging between 2.3 and 3.0 ppmv at 450 K). This study exemplifies the insights into atmospheric processes that can be obtained by applying the Match methodology to a densely sampled observation record such as that from Aura MLS.

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Doppler Frequency Offset for High Dynamic Signal with Low SNR

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.1611 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 971-973 ◽

pp. 1611-1615 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rui Zhao ◽

Yan Wen Wang ◽

Zhi Jie Wang

Keyword(s):

Doppler Shift ◽

Carrier Frequency ◽

Satellite Communication ◽

Carrier Frequency Offset ◽

Frequency Offset ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Low Snr ◽

High Dynamic ◽

Dynamic Signal ◽

The Impact

In this paper, the impact on carrier capture of high dynamic and low SNR signal in satellite communication caused by the rate of change of the carrier frequency offset is analyzed. Firstly, the existing large carrier frequency offset estimate technology is described. Secondly, the rate of change of the carrier frequency offset impact on the carrier frequency offset is analyzed. Finally, the Doppler shift characteristics of Low SNR high dynamic signal and performance impact on the capture carrier are simulated by MATLAB. The results showed that the rate of change of Doppler shift will seriously affect the number of non-coherent accumulation times of the carrier frequency offset estimate.

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A regional analysis of the impact of dams on water temperature in medium-size rivers in eastern Canada

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjfas-2015-0486 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 73 (12) ◽

pp. 1885-1897 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Audrey Maheu ◽

André St-Hilaire ◽

Daniel Caissie ◽

Nassir El-Jabi ◽

Guillaume Bourque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Temperature ◽

Thermal Regime ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Regional Analysis ◽

Annual Runoff ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Medium Size ◽

Regulated Rivers ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

The Impact

Various studies have helped gain a better understanding of the thermal impacts of dams on a site-specific basis, but very few studies have compared the thermal impacts of varying types of dams within the same region. In this study, we conducted a regional-scale assessment of the impacts of dams on the thermal regime of 13 medium-size rivers in eastern Canada. The objectives of this study were to identify features of the thermal regime of rivers that are predominantly impacted by dams and to compare the impacts associated with different types of regulation (run-of-river, storage, peaking). The thermal regime of regulated and unregulated rivers was characterized using 15 metrics that described the magnitude, frequency, duration, timing, and rate of change of water temperature. Results indicate that storage and peaking dams impounding at least 10% of the median annual runoff generally (i) reduced the magnitude of water temperature variation at seasonal, daily, and subdaily timescales and (ii) increased the monthly mean water temperature in September. This regional assessment offers important insight regarding a generalized pattern of thermal alteration by dams, and this information could be used to guide biological monitoring efforts in regulated rivers.

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