scholarly journals Influence of Low Dietary Inclusion of the Microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana (Lubián 1982) on Performance, Fish Morphology, and Muscle Growth in Juvenile Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2270
Author(s):  
María Dolores Ayala ◽  
Carolina Galián ◽  
Victoria Fernández ◽  
Elena Chaves-Pozo ◽  
Daniel García de la Serrana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nannochloropsis Gaditana ◽  
Transverse Area ◽  
Geometric Morphology

A 90-d feeding trial was conducted in which five groups of gilthead seabream (11.96 g initial body weight) were fed with a microalgae-free diet (control group, C) or four diets containing the microalgae Nannochloropsis gaditana at two inclusion levels (2.5% or 5%), either raw (R2.5 and R5 batches) or cellulose-hydrolyzed (H2.5 and H5 batches), to study their effect on the body and muscle growth. At 40 days, the highest values of body length and weight were reached in R5 group, but at 64 and 90 days, these were reached in R2.5. However, feed conversion rate, specific growth, daily intake, and survival (100%) were similar in all the groups. The acquisition of a discoid body shape was accelerated depending on the inclusion level of N. gaditana in the diets. Moreover, H5 diet affected the fish geometric morphology compared to R5 diet. The white muscle transverse area was similar in all groups at 40 days, with the exception of H2.5 group, which showed the lowest area. At day 90, C and R2.5 displayed the highest muscle growth, attributable to increased hyperplasia in C, and higher hypertrophy in R2.5. However, the highest proportion of small and medium fibers was observed in R5 and H5.

scholarly journals The Effect of 17α-Ethynilestradiol and GPER1 Activation on Body and Muscle Growth, Muscle Composition and Growth-Related Gene Expression of Gilthead Seabream, Sparus aurata L

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 13118
Author(s):  
Maria D. Ayala ◽  
Victoria Gómez ◽  
Isabel Cabas ◽  
María P. García Hernández ◽  
Elena Chaves-Pozo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Synthetic Estrogens ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Estrogen Receptor 1

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals include natural and synthetic estrogens, such as 17α-ethynilestradiol (EE2), which can affect reproduction, growth and immunity. Estrogen signalling is mediated by nuclear or membrane estrogen receptors, such as the new G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1). The present work studies the effect of EE2 and G1 (an agonist of GPER1) on body and muscle parameters and growth-related genes of 54 two-year-old seabreams. The fish were fed a diet containing EE2 (EE2 group) and G1 (G1 group) for 45 days and then a diet without EE2 or G1 for 122 days. An untreated control group was also studied. At 45 days, the shortest body length was observed in the G1 group, while 79 and 122 days after the cessation of treatments, the shortest body growth was observed in the EE2 group. Hypertrophy of white fibers was higher in the EE2 and G1 groups than it was in the control group, whereas the opposite was the case with respect to hyperplasia. Textural hardness showed a negative correlation with the size of white fibers. At the end of the experiment, all fish analyzed in the EE2 group showed a predominance of the gonadal ovarian area. In addition, the highest expression of the mafbx gene (upregulated in catabolic signals) and mstn2 (myogenesis negative regulator) was found in EE2-exposed fish.

The use of acidifying agents Aquasafe and Veleguard when rearing of broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
L. Gamko ◽  
T. Tarinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Meat

It is known that necessary to replace the components of organic acids, which are part of acidifiers when drinking water to poultry in order to prevent the adaptation of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. In the poultry industry organic acids are widely used, which are used as acidifiers to preserve the properties of water consumed. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of broiler meat production when using acidifying agents of drinking water Aquasafe and Veleguard. The experimental part of the work has been performed in JSC “Kurinoe Tsarstvo-Bryansk” broiler area “Roshcha” in the Pochepsky district. The object of research was the livestock of broiler chickens cross Cobb 500 at floor housing. The effect of water acidifiers on meat productivity has been studied. Groups of chickens have been formed on the principle of pairs-analogues. Broiler chickens of experimental groups have been separated from the main livestock by a grid in the corner of the room for 100 heads in each group. It has been found by a result of research to be optimal dose usage of acidifying agents water Aquasafe and Veleguard to drink to broiler chickens. The positive effect of these acidifiers on the digestion of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, contributing to the effective use of nitrogen, which led to an increase in the intensity of growth, young animals’ livability and improved feed conversion. Slaughter yield in the control group was 55,1 %, and in the experimental group 57,2 and 58,4 %, which was by 2,1 and 3,3 % higher with the same level of metabolic energy and nutrients. In chickens that consumed acidifi ers more intensively used nutrients feed for deposition in the body of the components of the carcass, which affected the production. A positive impact of acidifying agents Aquasafe and Veleguard on meat quality in broiler chickens has been found.

scholarly journals Effect of Green Algae Chaetomorpha antennina Extract on Growth, Modulate Immunity, and Defenses against Edwardsiella tarda Infection in Labeo rohita

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2033
Author(s):  
Govindharajan Sattanathan ◽  
Vairakannu Tamizhazhagan ◽  
Swaminathan Padmapriya ◽  
Wen-Chao Liu ◽  
Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Neutrophil Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Edwardsiella Tarda ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Lysozyme

The current study focused on assessing the outcome of methanol extract of Chaetomorpha antennina (MECA) on the growth performance and immune modulation in both specific and non-specific immune responses through the assessment of neutrophil, serum lysozyme, serum myeloperoxidase, antiprotease, ceruloplasmin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) activity in Labeo rohita (rohu) at 28 days post treatment along with assessment of the disease resistance capacity against Edwardsiella tarda at 30days post immunization. Fishes (n = 144; average weight 50.0 ± 0.23 g) were evenly divided into four treatments, with 12 fishes per tank in triplicates. The MECA was injected intraperitoneally in the fishes at different doses as 0, 25, 75, and 150 mg/kg of the body weight. The results demonstrated that fish treated with MECA have an increased body weight, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05) with respect to the control group. Results suggested that the MECA inclusion can significantly enhance (p < 0.05) the levels of serum lysozyme, neutrophil function, serum antiprotease activity, cellular RNS, and ROS production. Exposure to MECA of 75 mg/kg showed a significantly higher survival percentage against E. tarda disease infection. These results indicate MECA as a stimulant of immunity in L. rohita against E. tarda. The results suggested that MECA is a potent immunostimulant in finfish aquaculture and can offer higher economic welfare.

scholarly journals Olive oil bioactive compounds increase body weight, and improve gut health and integrity in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enric Gisbert ◽  
Karl B. Andree ◽  
José C. Quintela ◽  
Josep A. Calduch-Giner ◽  
Ignacio R. Ipharraguerre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Pathogen Recognition Receptors ◽  
Differentiation And Proliferation

AbstractAn olive oil bioactive extract (OBE) rich in bioactive compounds like polyphenols, triterpenic acids, long-chain fatty alcohols, unsaturated hydrocarbons, tocopherols and sterols was tested (0, 0·08, 0·17, 0·42 and 0·73 % OBE) in diets fed to sea bream (Sparus aurata) (initial weight: 5·4 (sd 1·2) g) during a 90-d trial (four replicates). Fish fed diets containing 0·17 and 0·42 % OBE were 5 % heavier (61·1 (sd 1·6) and 60·3 (sd 1·1) g, respectively) than those of the control group (57·0 (sd 0·7) g), although feed conversion ratio and specific feed intake did not vary. There were no differences in lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities in the intestine and liver, although there was a tendency of lower intestinal and hepatic LPO levels in fish fed OBE diets. No differences in villus size were found among treatments, whereas goblet cell density in the control group was on average14·3 % lower than in fish fed OBE diets. The transcriptomic profiling of intestinal markers, covering different biological functions like (i) cell differentiation and proliferation, (ii) intestinal permeability, (iii) enterocyte mass and epithelial damage, (iv) IL and cytokines, (v) pathogen recognition receptors and (vi) mitochondria function, indicated that among the eighty-eight evaluated genes, twenty-nine were differentially expressed (0·17 % OBE diet), suggesting that the additive has the potential of improving the condition and defensive role of the intestine by enhancing the maturation of enterocytes, reducing oxidative stress, improving the integrity of the intestinal epithelium and enhancing the intestinal innate immune function, as gene expression data indicated.

The effect of a diet containing cyanogenetic glycosides on the selenium status and the thyroid function of sheep

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (03) ◽  
pp. 415-419
Author(s):  
A. Gutzwiller
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Plasma Creatine Kinase ◽  
Control Group Group

AbstractSix ewes were given a white clover/grass silage with a high content of cyanogenetic glycosides during the last 69 to 97 days of pregnancy (group CN+), while the five ewes of the control group (group CN−) received a white clover/grass silage with a low content of cyanogenetic glycosides during the last 67 to 92 days of pregnancy. Uniodized salt was the only mineral supplement offered. The daily intake of cyanide (in the form of cyanogenetic glycosides) and of selenium per animal was 1000 and 60 mg of cyanide and 30 and 23 μg of selenium in group CN+ and CN− respectively. Initial erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) was identical in both groups. Two weeks before parturition GPx activity was significantly lower in the ewes of group CN+ than in the ewes of group CN−. The newborn lambs of the group CN+ had significantly lower erythrocyte GPx activities (P&lt; 0·01) and tended to have higher plasma creatine kinase activities (P= 0·07) than the lambs of the group CN−. The results show that the intake of cyanogenetic glycosides affects the selenium status of sheep and increases the susceptibility of lambs to nutritional myopathy if the selenium content of the ration is marginal.Plasma thyroxine concentrations in the ewes in group CN+ were not reduced but their lambs tended to have slightly lower levels immediately after birth than the lambs of group CN− (P= 0·25). The intake of cyanogenetic glycosides presumably had no or at most only a slight effect on thyroid function, presumably because the body iodine reserves of the ewes were sufficient to offset the goitrogenic effect of thiocyanate.

scholarly journals Efecto de la harina de pupas y larvas de gusano de seda como componentes proteicos de la dieta sobre indicadores de rendimiento en conejos

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
Dorota Kowalska ◽  
Janusz Strychalski ◽  
Andrzej Gugołek
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Carcass Characteristic ◽  
Silkworm Pupae ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
Mealworm Larvae ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding rabbits with silkworm pupae and mealworm larvae meals on their performance indicators. Ninety (90) rabbits were divided into three groups. Control group (C) was fed with 10% soybean meal (SBM), SPM group received the diet including 5 % SBM and 4 % of silkworm pupae meal, and MLM group received the diet including 5 % SBM and 4 % of mealworm larvae meal. The body weight of rabbits and average daily gains were determined. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. At the end of fattening period, the animals were euthanized, skinned and eviscerated to determine their carcasses characteristic. Hind leg and loin muscles were collected for analyses of the chemical composition. At the end of fattening period, rabbits from groups SPM and MLM were heavier than C rabbits (2,606.5 and 2,584.8 vs 2,404.0 g), which also improved their overall carcass characteristic while FCR was similar between groups. However, feeding rabbits with the addition of insect's meals increased the amount of ether extract in their muscles. Based on the results obtained, it may be concluded that SBM may be partially replaced by silkworm pupae and mealworm larvae meals in rabbit diets.

scholarly journals Influence of various levels of valin in the mixed fodder on the carcass composition of quails

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (79) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sychov ◽  
T. Golubeva ◽  
V. Kovalchuk ◽  
Y. Poznyakovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
National University ◽  
Effective Level

The article presents the expediency of using valine in the feeding of growing quails of meat direction of productivity. The studies were conducted in the conditions of research laboratory of feed additives of National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. The experiment was conducted with growing Pharaoh quails. It was selected 500 daily quails. Birds were placed in 20 cages with 25 heads in each. In the formation of analog groups, the body weight of the birds was taken into account. Quails were fed full-fledged mixed fodder, which was balanced by energy and other nutrients. The feed for the quails of the control group contained the natural level of valine, and the experimental groups – additionally L-valine according to the experimental scheme. Observed a relationship between the level of valine in feed and feed conversion (R2 = 0.7359). The most effective level of valine in mixed fodder for quail, which is grown for meat, to obtain a sufficiently large body weight with a low level of feed intake per unit of growth is at 1– 21-day age – 1.68% and at 22– 35-day age – 1.23%.

scholarly journals Effect of the dietary inclusion of the growth promoter avoparcin on the performance and carcass characteristics of growing goat kids

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
V. A. BABIDIS (Β. Μ. ΜΠΑΜΠΙΔΗΣ) ◽  
P. FLOROU-PANERI (Π. ΦΛΩΡΟΥ-ΠΑΝΕΡΗ) ◽  
D. KUFIDIS (Δ. ΚΟΥΦΙΔΗΣ) ◽  
A. B. SPAIS (A.B. ΣΠΑΗΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Indigenous Goat

A trial was conducted with 32 indigenous goat kids (Capra prisca) 8,5 weeks old to examine the effectiveness of dietary avoparcin as growth promoting factor. The kids were randomly allocated into two groups (control- and avoparcin group with initial mean body weight of 11,61 ±1,16 kg and 11,57±1,47 kg, respectively) comprising of 16 kids (8 male and 8 female) each. For a period of 12 weeks, kids in the control group were given lucerne (alfalfa) hay (mean daily consumption 170 g/head) and an appropriate compound diet (given ad libitum), while kids in the avoparcin group were fed the same diet except that the compound diet was supplemented with avoparcin (20 mg/kg). Avoparcin supplementation significantly (P<0.05) improved final mean body weight by 10.57% (19.24 ± 2.33 kg vs. 17.40 ± 2.30 kg), body weight gain (BWG) by 32.30% (7.66 ± 1.42 kg vs. 5.79 ± 1.74 kg), mean daily feed consumption in dry matter basis (DM) by 14.24% (551.80 ± 31.60 g DM vs. 483.02 ± 28.94 g DM), feed conversion ratio by 13.62% (6.09 ± 0.47 kg DM consumption/kg BWG vs. 7.05 ± 0.56 kg DM consumption/kg BWG) and carcass weight by 14.86% (11.44 ± 1.48 kg vs. 9.96 ± 1.76 kg). Moreover, no significant differences (P>0.05) were noticed neither in carcass yield and carcass chemical composition nor in percentages of small intestine-, major omentum-, lung-,heart-, liver- and spleen weight in the body weight.

scholarly journals Effect of compound feed acidification on the body weight gain of quails on mini-farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Alexey Trifanov ◽  
Evgeny Tikhonov ◽  
Valentin Bazykin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
Formulated Feed ◽  
Comparative Inquiry

The article presents the study results on the fattening effectiveness of Texas Broiler quails using the formulated feed with “B.I.O. Acid Ultra” acidifier. Space and layout design of the mini-farm allowed to house 1000 head of the main flock and up to 300 young birds. The inside climate system of the mini-farm maintained the temperature in the range of 18 °C -20 °C and 75% humidity. In the study, 250 head of daily chicks were randomly selected and divided into 5 groups of 50 head each – one control group and four experimental ones. The study lasted for 8 weeks, i.e. the meat quail fattening period. The addition of the acidifier to the diet in the amount of 0.23% was found to result in 9.0% increase in the bodyweight of the 8-week old quails. The average daily weight increments also increased during the entire fattening period. The use of the acidifier reduced the feed conversion ratio by 4.1% – 6.79 versus 7.1 in the control group. However, the effect of different acidifiers on the effectiveness of quail fattening and the organoleptic and other quality indicators of the quail meat requires further comparative inquiry.

scholarly journals ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA CAO CHIẾT CỦ NÉN (Allium schoenoprasum) LÊN ĐÁP ỨNG MIỄN DỊCH PHÒNG BỆNH NEWCASTLE VÀ SINH TRƯỞNG Ở GÀ THỊT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 2058-2064
Author(s):  
Phan Vũ Hải ◽  
Nguyễn Xuân Hòa
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Allium Schoenoprasum

Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá ảnh hưởng của việc bổ sung cao chiết củ nén (CPN) vào trong nước uống đối với đáp ứng miễn dịch dịch thể chống lại virus Newcastle và năng suất sinh trưởng của gà thịt. Tổng số 180 gà trống Ri lai được úm cùng nhau đến 7 ngày tuổi. Sau khi được chủng vaccine Newcastle vào ngày 7, gà được phân bố ngẫu nhiên vào 04 nghiệm thức với 03 lần lặp lại. Gà ở các nghiệm thức T1, T2 và T3 được bổ sung 0,3, 0,5 và 0,7% CPN vào nước uống, liên tục từ ngày 7 đến ngày 42 tuổi và nghiệm thức đối chứng (ĐC - không sử dụng CPN). Vaccine Newcastle được tiêm lặp lại vào ngày 28. Hiệu giá kháng thể (GMT) trong huyết thanh chống lại bệnh Newcastle được xác định bằng cách sử dụng xét nghiệm ngăn trở ngưng kết hồng cầu (HI) lúc 21, 35 và 42 ngày tuổi. Kết quả cho thấy lượng ăn vào, tăng trọng, hệ số chuyển hóa thức ăn (FCR) và tỉ lệ chết khi kết thúc thí nghiệm không sai khác giữa 04 nghiệm thức. Tuy nhiên, hiệu giá kháng thể và tỷ lệ khối lượng cơ quan của hệ miễn dịch so với khối lượng cơ thể cao hơn (P<0,05) ở T2 và T3 so với đối chứng. Như vậy, việc bổ sung CPN trong nước uống không ảnh hưởng đến sinh trưởng; tuy nhiên, bổ sung CPN ở mức 0,5% và 0,7% đã làm tăng hiệu giá kháng thể dịch thể chống lại virus Newcastle ở gà thịt. ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the effect of various levels of fresh chive’s bulb (Allium schoenoprasum) supplementation (CBE) in drinking water on immune status against Newcastle disease (ND) virus and productive performance of broiler chicken. A total of 180 Ri roosters were brooded at the same bath until 7 days  of age. After chickens had been vaccinated the Newcastle on day 7, they were randomly allocated into four treatments with 03 replicates as namely Control (no CBE), and T1, T2 and T3.  While a control group received no CBE, birds in groups T1, T2 and T3 received 0,3, 0,5 and 0,7 (w/v) CBE, respectively, continuously from day 7 to 42 years old. Newcastle vaccine was repeated on day 28. The geometric mean titer (GMT) against Newcastle disease virus was determined using the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay at 21, 35 and 42 days of age. The results showed that at the end of the experiment, the feed intake, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and overall mortality rate did not significantly differ among 04 treatments. Whereas, in general the antibody titer and the ratio of organ mass of the immune system to the body weight were significantly higher (P <0,05) in T2 and T3 than in the Control. Therefore, the supplementation of CBE in drinking water did not affect the growth performance. However, the supplement of 0,5% and 0,7% increased the antibody titre against Newcastle virus in broiler chicken.  

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