Broadening the Definition of Decision Making: The Role of Prechoice Screening of Options

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Roy Beach
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Theory ◽  
Image Theory ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Choice Set

Decision theory and research have focused almost exclusively on choice—the selection of the best option from a choice set containing two or more options. Largely overlooked is the question of how those particular options got there in the first place—why them and not others? This article describes a theory, called image theory, about how prechoice screening of options governs the contents of the set from which a choice is made and summarizes empirical tests of the theory. The research results suggest that screening plays a far more important role in decision making than is generally appreciated and that our view of decision making must be broadened accordingly.

SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PEMILIHAN GURU BERPRESTASI KOTA MEDAN MENERAPKAN METODE PREFERENCES SELECTION INDEX (STUDI KASUS : DINAS PENDIDIKAN KOTA MEDAN)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fajar Syahputra ◽  
Mesran Mesran ◽  
Ikhwan Lubis ◽  
Agus Perdana Windarto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Selection Of

The teacher is a major milestone in the world of education, the ability and achievement of students cannot be separated from the role of a teacher in teaching and guiding students. Based on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 14 of 2005 concerning Teachers and Lecturers, in Article 1 explained that teachers are professional educators with the main task of educating, teaching, guiding, directing, training, evaluating, and evaluating students in early childhood education through formal education, basic education and education medium. Whereas in Article 4 of the Act, it is explained that the position of teachers as professionals serves to enhance the dignity and role of teachers as learning agents to function to improve the quality of national education.Decision making is an election process, among various alternatives that aim to meet one or several targets. The decision-making system has 4 phases, namely intelligence, design, choice and implementation. These phases are the basis for decision making, which ends with a recommendation.The Preferences Selection Index (PSI) method is a rarely used decision support system method. This method is a method developed by stevanie and Bhatt (2010) to solve the Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). With the right consideration, this method can be one of the tools to determine policies in decision-making systems, especially the selection of outstanding teachers. Determination of policies taken as a basis for decision making, must use criteria that can be defined clearly and objectively.Keywords: Decision Support System, PSI, Selection of Achieving Teachers

scholarly journals The Role of Consumer Autonomy in Developing Sustainable AI: A Conceptual Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2332
Author(s):  
Lena Bjørlo ◽  
Øystein Moen ◽  
Mark Pasquine
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Privacy Regulation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Fundamental Significance ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Online Decision Making ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Consumer Autonomy

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based decision aids are increasingly employed by businesses to assist consumers’ decision-making. Personalized content based on consumers’ data brings benefits for both consumers and businesses, i.e., with regards to more relevant content. However, this practice simultaneously enables increased possibilities for exerting hidden interference and manipulation on consumers, reducing consumer autonomy. We argue that due to this, consumer autonomy represents a resource at the risk of depletion and requiring protection, due to its fundamental significance for a democratic society. By balancing advantages and disadvantages of increased influence by AI, this paper addresses an important research gap and explores the essential challenges related to the use of AI for consumers’ decision-making and autonomy, grounded in extant literature. We offer a constructive, rather than optimistic or pessimistic, outlook on AI. Hereunder, we present propositions suggesting how these problems may be alleviated, and how consumer autonomy may be protected. These propositions constitute the fundament for a framework regarding the development of sustainable AI, in the context of online decision-making. We argue that notions of transparency, complementarity, and privacy regulation are vital for increasing consumer autonomy and promoting sustainable AI. Lastly, the paper offers a definition of sustainable AI within the contextual boundaries of online decision-making. Altogether, we position this paper as a contribution to the discussion of development towards a more socially sustainable and ethical use of AI.

A State-of-the-Art Critique Review of the Role of Decision-Making Techniques in NDT for Condition Monitoring

2019 ◽  
pp. 222-236
Author(s):  
Ashish Khaira ◽  
Ravi K. Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Operating Personnel ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Effective Condition ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Selection Of

Nondestructive testing (NDT) is a vital tool in maintenance. Each NDT technique has some benefits and hindrances; therefore, the selection is crucial. Generally, the selection of a technique relies on operating personnel experience, and very few research papers shows uses of the decision-making (DM) approach. It was highlighted by various researchers that if a proper DM approach is used, it will save time and increase fault detection reliability. By keeping this fact in mind, this chapter is an attempt to provide a detailed review of research work from the year 2000-2018 that covered the role of DM techniques while making combinations of NDT for effective condition monitoring. It observed from the literature that very few researchers effectively utilized the power of DM tool. The researcher can use the outcome of this work as a beacon and improve it further.

scholarly journals Dimensions and Sub-Dimensions for the Evaluation of M-Learning Apps for Children: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.20) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Azham Hussain ◽  
Emmanuel O.C. Mkpojiogu ◽  
Fa’alina Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Synthesis Strategy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

The introduction and rapid growth of mobile learning applications (m-learning apps) has improved the role of teachers in facilitating the learning process especially among children. The learning experiences of children are enhanced and enriched with the use of m-learning apps for children. There are several m-learning apps developed for children in the market today, however, some of these apps do not succinctly support and adequately assist in the learning process and educational endeavors and quest of these young minds. In this paper, a systematic review of literature was conducted to assess past research and studies on usability dimensions and sub-dimensions utilized in evaluating children’s m-learning apps. The systematic literature review consisted of the following approach: the definition of search strategy, selection of primary studies, data extraction, and implementation of synthesis strategy and lastly, the presentation of findings. The result of the review reveals that effectiveness, efficiency, learnability, and user satisfaction (with their corresponding sub-dimensions) were the top four usability dimensions used in the evaluation of m-learning apps for children. In addition, the works reviewed showed that usability evaluation is prominent only during the implementation phase of the applications’ development.  

scholarly journals Treatment selection of early stage non-small cell lung cancer: the role of the patient in clinical decision making

BMC Cancer ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mokhles ◽  
J. J. M. E. Nuyttens ◽  
M. de Mol ◽  
J. G. J. V. Aerts ◽  
A. P. W. M. Maat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Investigating the role of natural phyto-oestrogens on bone health in postmenopausal women

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (S1) ◽  
pp. S87-S99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Valtueña ◽  
Kevin Cashman ◽  
Simon P. Robins ◽  
Aedin Cassidy ◽  
Alwine Kardinaal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Selection Of

Research on the bone effects of natural phyto-oestrogens after menopause is at a relatively early stage. Published studies are few, difficult to compare and often inconclusive, due in part to design weaknesses. Currently, many questions remain to be answered including to what extent a safe daily intake may prevent postmenopausal bone loss. These questions can only be addressed by conducting well-planned, randomised clinical trials that take into consideration present knowledge in the oestrogen, phyto-oestrogen and bone fields. This review is intended to provide hints for critical decision-making about the selection of subjects, type of intervention, suitable outcome measures and variables that need to be controlled.

scholarly journals An Evaluation Model of Quantitative and Qualitative Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach for Location Selection of Transshipment Ports

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Feng Ding ◽  
Chien-Chang Chou
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Distance Measure ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Location Selection ◽  
Container Logistics ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Fuzzy Mcdm ◽  
Selection Of

The role of container logistics centre as home bases for merchandise transportation has become increasingly important. The container carriers need to select a suitable centre location of transshipment port to meet the requirements of container shipping logistics. In the light of this, the main purpose of this paper is to develop a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model to evaluate the best selection of transshipment ports for container carriers. At first, some concepts and methods used to develop the proposed model are briefly introduced. The performance values of quantitative and qualitative subcriteria are discussed to evaluate the fuzzy ratings. Then, the ideal and anti-ideal concepts and the modified distance measure method are used in the proposed model. Finally, a step-by-step example is illustrated to study the computational process of the quantitative and qualitative fuzzy MCDM model. The proposed approach has successfully accomplished our goal. In addition, the proposed fuzzy MCDM model can be empirically employed to select the best location of transshipment port for container carriers in the future study.

Thünen-Vorlesung: Unternehmensführung und ökonomische Rationalität

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Hax
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Decision Theory ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Normative Theory ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Individual Decision Making ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract In a normative theory of decision making in the firm, limited cognitive capabilities of decision makers can be taken into account in different ways. If individual decision making alone is being considered, the concept of rationality must be defined in such a way that it is acceptable from the viewpoint of potential users of the theory. In an organizational context, normative theory deals primarily with the design of contracts; as far as the anticipation of the actual behaviour of contract partners is concerned an empirically valid descriptive decision theory is needed. A major problem which arises if one applies contract theory to problems of corporate governance is the definition of an adequate standard to evaluate the firm’s outcome periodically. Accounting profit and market value are two possible measures, but both have grave shortcomings.

scholarly journals Common things are common, but what is common? A foundation for probabilistic diagnosis.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Aberegg ◽  
Sean Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Decision ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Diagnostic Decision Making ◽  
Probabilistic Diagnosis

The well-known clinical axiom stating that “common things are common” attests to the pivotal role of probability in diagnosis. Despite the popularity of this and related axioms, there is no operationalized definition of a common disease, and no practicable way of incorporating actual disease frequencies into differential diagnosis. In this expository essay, we aim to reduce the ambiguity surrounding the definition of a common (or rare) disease and show that incidence – not prevalence – is the proper metric of disease frequency for diagnosis. We explore how a numerical estimates of disease frequencies based on incidence can be incorporated into differential diagnosis as well as the inherent limitations of this method. These concepts have important implications for diagnostic decision making and medical education, and hold promise as a method to improve diagnostic accuracy.

scholarly journals The Effect of Optical Formation on Highlighting the Features of Urban Identity

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahraou wafa ◽  
◽  
Abdallah FARHI ◽  
Hynda Boutabba ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Problem ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Urban Identity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Selection Of

The study includes four chapters, the first is devoted to reviewing the research problem, its importance, objectives and limitations in addition to defining terms. The second chapter contains the theoretical introduction that includes a definition of optical art and its impact on highlighting features of urbanidentity. The third chapter examines several models in optical formation, where several architectural designs were discussed by its role in highlighting the features of urbanidentity. The fourth chapter includes the results and observations of the role of art and opticalformation in highlighting the urbanidentity. This is because it adds an aesthetic touch and an expression of various creative and unfamiliar ideas to the designer in a waythat occurs a fundamental change in the fixed rules of the viewer and his/her expectations for designs where the creative touch is in the overlay, communication, separation, penetration, segmentation of shapes and colors, and selection of materials needed to implement these designs have the biggest role in highlighting the features of urbanidentity. Where we found that the optical formation of its various types is the main component of architecture that it boasts of, and with what it contains creative ideas that express the reality of urbanidentity.

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