Dental caries prevalence and risk factors among 12-year old schoolchildren from Baghdad, Iraq: a post-war survey

Caries prevalence and risk factors among children aged 4 to 6 years old in Bandar Lampung-IndonesiaBackground: Dental caries are still a matter of oral health in large industrialized countries , which affects 60-90% of the school children and most adults.Dental caries can be experienced by everyone and can arise on one or more dental surfaces.For example, from email to dentin or to Pulpa. Caries are due to various reasons, including are carbohydrates, microorganisms and saliva, tooth shape surfaces. Based on data by interviewed at the time were conducted on 20 Students at kindergarten Kuntum Mekar and Setia Bandar Lampung obtained of 14 (70%) They have a cariogenic food intake during the day and had the poorest teeth brushing habits, characterized by dental caries of 7 (30%).Purpose: Knowing caries prevalence and risk factors among children aged 4 to 6 years old in Bandar Lampung-IndonesiaMethods: A quantitative research type (analytic), with cross sectional approach and population was all children at Kuntum Mekar and Setia kindergarten in Bandar Lampung. By formula Slovin got sample number of 80 students. Data analysis Used the chi-square statistical test.Result: Finding the frequency of consumption of high cariogenic foods As many as of 72 respondents (86%), had a poorest tooth brushing habits, of 60 respondents (75%), and had a dental caries as many as of 63 respondents (83.8%), with the p-value = 0.022 and 0.002; OR: 5,357 and OR: 7,333.Conclusion: There is a correlation the factors cariogenic food intake during the day and had the poorest tooth brushing habits with dental caries occurance.Suggestions: To be pay attention for parent and teachers to remember that children reduce the consumption of cariogenic food and improving in brushing teeth habitKeywords: Cariogenic food intake; Brushing teeth habit; Dental caries.Pendahuluan: Karies gigi masih menjadi masalah kesehatan mulut di negara-negara industri besar, yang mempengaruhi 60-90% dari anak-anak sekolah dan sebagian besar orang dewasa. Karies gigi dapat dialami oleh semua orang dan dapat timbul di satu permukaan gigi atau lebih. Misalnya dari email ke dentin ataupun ke pulpa. Karies dikarenakan berbagai sebab, diantaranya adalah karbohidrat, mikroorganisme dan air ludah, permukaan bentuk gigi.Berdasarkan hasil prasurvei yang dilakukan pada siswa yang juga diwawancarai pada saat itu dilakukan pada 20 siswa di TK Kuntum Mekar dan TK Setia Bandar Lampung didapatkan data 14 siswa (70%) diantaranya mengkonsumsi makanan kariogenik dan memiliki kebiasaan menggosok gigi yang kurang baik ditandai dengan karies gigi dan 7 siswa (30%) diantaranya mengatakan jarang mengkonsumsi makanan kariogenik dan memiliki kebiasaan menggosok gigi cukup baik atau minimal dua kali sehari saat pagi sesudah makan dan malam sebelum tidur.Tujuan: Diketahui hubungan antara konsumsi makanan kariogenik dan kebiasaan menggosok gigi umur 4-6 tahun dengan kejadian karies gigi pada anak-anak di Bandar Lampung Indonesia.Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif (analitik), dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah anak-anak TK Kuntum Mekar dan TK Setia di Bandar Lampung, dengan jumlah sampel 80 murid.Pengambilan sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin.Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik chi-square.Hasil: Menunjukkan distribusi frekuensi konsumsi makanan kariogenik yang sering sebanyak 72 responden (86%), kebiasaan menggosok gigi yang buruk sebanyak 60 responden (75%). Karies gigi pada anak-anak dengan karies sebanyak 63 responden (83,8%). Ada hubungan antara konsumsi makanan kariogenik dengan kejadian karies gigi pada anak dengan nilai p-value = 0,022 (p-value<0,05), serta diperoleh nilai OR : 5.357. Ada hubungan anatara menggosok gigi dengan kejadian karies gigi pada anak dengan nilai p-value = 0,002 (p-value<0,05), serta diperoleh nilai OR : 7.333.Simpulan: Ada hubungan antara konsumsi makanan kariogenik dan kebiasaan menggosok gigi dengan kejadian karies gigi pada anak TK Kuntum Mekar dan TK Setia di Bandar Lampung Tahun 2019. Saran dalam penelitian ini diharapkan anak-anak mengurangi konsumsi makanan kariogenik dan mengetahui kebiasaan menggosok gigi yang benar.

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Dental Caries Prevalence and Tooth Loss in Chilean Adult Population: First National Dental Examination Survey

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2012/810170 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

I. Urzua ◽

C. Mendoza ◽

O. Arteaga ◽

G. Rodríguez ◽

R. Cabello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Tooth Loss ◽

Adult Population ◽

Education Level ◽

Personal Income ◽

Age Group ◽

Caries Prevalence ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries, tooth loss, and risk factors among adult population of Chile. Furthermore, age, gender, and behavioural specific differences in caries prevalence and tooth loss were examined. A national stratified multistage probabilistic sample design in two-age cohorts was applied to the Chilean population. A sample of 1553 adults, comprising 1088 individuals aged 35–44 and 465 senior individuals aged 65–74, were examined. The DMFT was evaluated following WHO recommendations using diagnostic criteria of caries lesions into dentin. The data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate models using logistic regression analyses. Results showed a mean DMFT of 15.06 in the 35–44-year-old group and of 21.57 in the 65–74 group. Factors related to tooth loss in the 35–44 group through univariate logistic regression were depression (OR 1.9 CI 95% 1.26–2.85), education level <12 years (OR 2.24 CI 95% 1.31–3.73), personal income (OR 1.51 CI 95% 1.04–2.19), and familiar income (OR 2.05 CI 95% 1.34–3.13), and through multivariate logistic regression in the same age group were depression (OR 1.93 CI 95% 1.24–3.0), education level <12 years (OR 1.94 CI 95% 1.2–3.14), and familiar income (OR 1.71 CI 95% 1.09–2.68). Factors related to tooth loss in the 65–74-year-old group through univariate logistic regression were education level <12 years (OR 2.54 CI 95% 1.3–4.96) and personal income (OR 1.66 CI 95% 1.05–2.63), and for multivariate logistic regression in the same age group, it was education level <12 years (OR 2.51 CI 95% 1.21–5.18). In conclusion, adult population in Chile showed a high prevalence of dental caries and tooth loss, as age, education level, personal and familiar incomes, and depression are being the main risk factors.

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Unstimulated Saliva-Related Caries Risk Factors in Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Unstimulated Salivary Flow, pH, and Buffering Capacity

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000450658 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alaa A. Alkhateeb ◽

Lloyd A. Mancl ◽

Richard B. Presland ◽

Marilynn L. Rothen ◽

Donald L. Chi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Buffering Capacity ◽

Salivary Flow Rate ◽

Caries Prevalence ◽

Caries Risk ◽

Salivary Ph

Salivary flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity are associated with dental caries, but studies from the cystic fibrosis (CF) literature are inconclusive regarding these salivary factors and caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate these factors and their associations with dental caries in individuals with CF. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from individuals aged 6-20 years at Seattle Children's Hospital CF Clinic, USA (n = 83). Salivary flow rate was measured in milliliters per minute. Salivary pH was assessed using a laboratory pH meter. Buffering capacity was assessed by titration with HCl. The outcome measure was caries prevalence, defined as the number of decayed, missing, or filled primary and permanent tooth surfaces. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the t test were used to test for bivariate associations. Multiple variable linear regression models were used to (1) run confounder-adjusted analyses and (2) assess for potential interactions. There was no significant association between salivary flow rate or buffering capacity and caries prevalence. There was a significant negative association between salivary pH and caries prevalence, but this association was no longer significant after adjusting for age. There was no significant interaction between salivary flow rate and buffering capacity or between antibiotic use and the 3 salivary factors. Our results indicate that unstimulated salivary factors are not associated with dental caries prevalence in individuals with CF. Future studies should investigate other potential saliva-related caries risk factors in individuals with CF such as cariogenic bacteria levels, salivary host defense peptide levels, and medication use.

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A Two-Year Longitudinal Study of the Effectiveness of the CRT® Bacteria Test in Evaluating Caries Risk in Three-Year-Old Children

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/7488855 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Yun Liu ◽

Yusheng Meng ◽

Min Wu ◽

Qian Zhang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Primary Teeth ◽

Severity Index ◽

Test Methods ◽

Caries Prevalence ◽

Caries Risk ◽

Independent Risk Factors ◽

Positive Correlations

Objective. To study the correlation between the level of infection with Streptococcus mutans (SM) and lactobacilli (LB) in saliva with existing status and the development of primary dental caries in 3-year-old children and to evaluate the results of CRT® bacteria as a Caries Risk Test. Methods. A total of 140 3-year-old children were selected for the study. Oral examination was conducted and the levels of infection with SM and LB in saliva were measured using a CRT® bacteria test. Oral reexamination was conducted after two years. The prevalence rate of caries, the decayed-missing-filled tooth (dmft) and decayed-missing-filled surface (dmfs) indices, and Caries Severity Index (CSI) were calculated at the start and end of the two years. The indices were statistically analyzed. Results. The caries prevalence rate, dmft, dmfs, and CSI increased with increasing levels of CRT-SM and CRT-LB at the start and end of the two years; the increases in dmft, dmfs, and CSI over the period were consistent with the increases in CRT-SM and CRT-LB levels, with all differences being highly statistically significant. The increase in caries prevalence rate over the two years was not statistically different for different CRT-SM and CRT-LB levels. CRT-SM and CRT-LB levels were highly positively correlated with dmft, dmfs, CSI and their increases over the two years. Levels of infection with oral SM and LB were found to be independent risk factors for primary dental caries, respectively. For an SM concentration in saliva of ≥104 CFU/mL and an LB concentration of <104 CFU/mL, the risk of caries increased by approximately 2.8-fold. When the concentration of LB in saliva was ≥104 CFU/mL and that of SM <104 CFU/mL, the risk of caries increased by approximately 3.9-fold. When the concentration of both SM and LB was ≥104 CFU/mL, the risk increased by approximately 10.9-fold. Conclusions. Significant positive correlations were found between the level of infection with oral SM and LB and existing oral decay status and the trend in the development of primary dental caries. Infection with SM and LB significantly increased the risk of caries in primary teeth. The CRT® bacteria is a simple, convenient, reliable, and effective Caries Risk Test.

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Influence of Diet and Dietary Habits in Caries Occurrence Among 12- to 15-year-old Adolescents in Shanghai

10.21203/rs.3.rs-154187/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hua-xing XU ◽

Chun-yan LUO ◽

Xiao-gang FENG ◽

Hao ZHANG ◽

Yi-wei Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Tooth Brushing ◽

Caries Prevalence ◽

School Students ◽

Once Daily ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Skipping Breakfast

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of diet and dietary habits on dental caries status in the permanent teeth of 12- to 15-year-old adolescents in Shanghai, China.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional investigation among 11,599 school students aged 12- to 15 years from Shanghai, China. We distributed self-administered questionnaires and performed clinical dental examinations according to WHO guidelines to obtain information about tooth-brushing habits, diet, dietary habits, and dental caries status. We generated a logistic regression model including dental caries-related variables to ascertain the potential risk factors associated with dental caries.Results: The caries prevalence and number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) among the 11,599 12- to 15-year-old students surveyed were 26.2% and 0.59±1.314, respectively. The caries prevalence and DMFT of girls were significantly higher than those of boys (P<0.05). Caries prevalence and DMFT also increased with age (P<0.05). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in caries prevalence and mean DMFT among groups with different tooth-brushing habits. Logistic regression analysis suggested that the possible risk factors for dental caries included female sex, older age, consuming sugary drinks at least once daily, consuming vegetables once daily or less, and skipping breakfast, with ORs ranging from 1.124 to 1.88 (P<0.05).Conclusion: The caries prevalence among 12- to 15-year-old school students in Shanghai was lower than that reported nationally and in some other developing or developed countries. Diet and dietary habits were closely related to dental caries among adolescents. Poor eating habits (higher sugary drink intake, lower vegetable intake, and skipping breakfast) in the developmental age may be a significant caries coefficient in adolescents. A longitudinal study with full consideration of baseline variables is warranted in the Chinese population.

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Evaluation of dental caries prevalence between diabetic and non-diabetic adolescents

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.29252/ijpd.11.1.37 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 37-46

Author(s):

B Nazemi Salman ◽

S Basir Shabestary ◽

M Kalantary

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Caries Prevalence

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Dental caries prevalence in children with congenital heart disease – a systematic review

Acta Odontologica Scandinavica ◽

10.1080/00016357.2020.1849792 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Essi Karikoski ◽

Taisto Sarkola ◽

My Blomqvist

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Caries Prevalence

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Prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among school-aged children in Tripoli, Libya: a cross-sectional study

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01545-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hosam Alraqiq ◽

Ahmid Eddali ◽

Reema Boufis

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Maternal Employment ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

First Grade ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Arab Countries ◽

Caries Prevalence ◽

Seventh Grade ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

Abstract Background In many developing countries, the prevalence of dental caries has increased due to lifestyle changes, lack of preventive services, and inadequate access to dental care. In Arab countries, the increased prevalence of caries has correlated with economic growth over the past decades, resulting in greater access to unhealthy foods and higher consumption of sugar, particularly among children. However, few studies have assessed caries prevalence among pediatric populations in Arab countries. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries and factors associated with caries among children in Tripoli, Libya. Methods This cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of 1934 children in first grade (age 6–7 years, n = 1000) and seventh grade (age 11–12 years, n = 934). Four health centers in Tripoli were selected for screening based on location and participation in school-entry health examinations. Data were collected through self-administered parent surveys and visual dental screenings by trained examiners from September 24 to October 15, 2019. The survey comprised questions about socioeconomic characteristics and oral health behaviors, including toothbrushing, sugar consumption, and dental care history. During screenings, untreated decay, missing teeth, and filled teeth (DMFT or dmft) were recorded. Prevalence of tooth decay was calculated as the proportion of children with high DMFT/dmft scores. Binary logistic and negative binomial regression analyses (with significance at p ≤ 0.05) were used to assess factors associated with caries. Results Among 1000 first-grade children, 78.0% had decay in their primary teeth, with a mean dmft of 3.7. Among 934 seventh-grade children, 48.2% had caries in their permanent teeth, with a mean DMFT of 1.7. The most significant factors associated with caries prevalence were socioeconomic, such as screening site (first grade, p = 0.02; seventh grade, p < 0.001) and maternal employment (seventh grade, p = 0.02), and behavioral, such as toothbrushing duration (seventh grade, p = 0.01), past dental treatment (both grades, p < 0.001), and past emergency visit (both grades, p < 0.001). Conclusions Caries prevalence was associated with several behavioral and socioeconomic factors, including screening site, maternal employment, toothbrushing duration, past dental treatment, and past emergency visit. Efforts should be made to address these factors to minimize barriers and improve oral health behavior and care utilization. These findings can be used to evaluate current public health initiatives and inform future planning.

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Comparison of Dental Caries Prevalence in Patients with Cleft Lip and/or Palate and Their Sibling Controls

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/08-003.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 529-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Mahmoud Al-Dajani

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Control Group ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Caries Prevalence ◽

Dmft Index ◽

And Control

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of dental caries in patients with cleft lip and/or palate and their cleft-free sibling controls. Methods: The two subject groups (patient and control) comprised 106 participants. The former group consisted of 53 patients with cleft lip and/or palate, aged 12 to 29 years, who visited the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Hospital at Damascus University of Syria. The control group consisted of the patients’ siblings who had no clefts, and they were sex matched to the patient group. Dental caries were examined clinically and were reported using the decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index. The DMFT scores were compared between the two groups. Results: The author found an overall association of dental caries with the presence of cleft lip and/or palate (odds ratio = 2.52; 95% confidence interval = 1.389–4.574; p < .05). The DMFT index scores were proportionally higher in patients with cleft lip and/or palate compared with the control group (p < .001). Conclusion: Subjects with cleft lip and palate are susceptible to dental caries independently of socioeconomic status.

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