scholarly journals Antifungals discovery: an insight into new strategies to combat antifungal resistance

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Fuentefria ◽  
B. Pippi ◽  
D.F. Dalla Lana ◽  
K.K. Donato ◽  
S.F. de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
New Strategies

scholarly journals Insight into the Double-Edged Role of Ferroptosis in Disease

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1790
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Ruohan Jia ◽  
Huizhen Li ◽  
Huarun Yu ◽  
Keke Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Research Hotspots

Ferroptosis, a newly described type of iron-dependent programmed cell death that is distinct from apoptosis, necroptosis, and other types of cell death, is involved in lipid peroxidation (LP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Accumulating evidence has highlighted vital roles for ferroptosis in multiple diseases, including acute kidney injury, cancer, hepatic fibrosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, ferroptosis has become one of the research hotspots for disease treatment and attracted extensive attention in recent years. This review mainly summarizes the relationship between ferroptosis and various diseases classified by the system, including the urinary system, digestive system, respiratory system, nervous system. In addition, the role and molecular mechanism of multiple inhibitors and inducers for ferroptosis are further elucidated. A deeper understanding of the relationship between ferroptosis and multiple diseases may provide new strategies for researching diseases and drug development based on ferroptosis.

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Paradigm Shift?

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 528-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Konkle ◽  
Miha Furlan ◽  
Douglas Cines
Keyword(s):  
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Autoimmune Attack ◽  
Sudden Appearance ◽  
Thrombotic Diseases ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
New Strategies

SummaryThe pathophysiology of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) has fascinated hematologists for decades. What causes seemingly healthy individuals to suddenly develop widespread platelet-rich microthrombi in specific microvascular beds while sparing other vascular sites completely? Is the disorder caused by the sudden appearance of a novel platelet-agglutinating factor or do platelet-rich thrombi form as a consequence of insult to the capillary endothelium? Is the disease self-limiting, does plasma exchange fundamentally alter the pathophysiology of an autoimmune attack on a normal endothelium, or does the immune response develop to microvasculature that has been perturbed and, if so, by what? It has been thought by many of us that the answers to these questions will provide insight into how platelet-vessel wall interactions are normally regulated in the microvasculature and the differences that characterize the behavior of microvascular, arterial and venous systems in various organs. The corollary to these scientific issues is the anticipation that such answers would also lead to new strategies for intervention in other, more common thrombotic diseases.

Clusteroluminescence from Cluster Excitons in Small Heterocyclics Free of Aromatic Rings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benzhao He ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Jianyu Zhang ◽  
Haoke Zhang ◽  
Xiuying Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Visible Luminescence ◽  
Luminescence Process ◽  
Concentrated Solution ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
New Strategies

The study on <a></a><a>non-conventional luminescence</a> is important for revealing the luminescence of natural systems and has gradually drawn the attention of researchers in recent years. However, the underlying mechanism is still inexplicable. Herein, the luminescence behaviors of two series of simple, heteroatom-containing small molecules without aromatic rings, <i>i.e</i>. maleimide and succinimide derivatives, are studied to gain further mechanistic insight into the non-conventional luminescence process. It has been unveiled that <a>all the molecules exhibit bright and visible luminescence in concentrated solution and solid state </a>and the formation of clusters is the root cause for such behaviors, which can effectively increase the possibility of both the non-radiative n-π* and favorable π-π* transitions and stabilize the excitons formed in the excited state. The distinctive luminescent phenomena and intriguing mechanism presented in this work will be significant for understanding the mechanism of clusteroluminescence and provide new strategies for the rational design of novel luminescent materials.

Clusteroluminescence from Cluster Excitons in Small Heterocyclics Free of Aromatic Rings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benzhao He ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Jianyu Zhang ◽  
Haoke Zhang ◽  
Xiuying Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Visible Luminescence ◽  
Luminescence Process ◽  
Concentrated Solution ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
New Strategies

The study on <a></a><a>non-conventional luminescence</a> is important for revealing the luminescence of natural systems and has gradually drawn the attention of researchers in recent years. However, the underlying mechanism is still inexplicable. Herein, the luminescence behaviors of two series of simple, heteroatom-containing small molecules without aromatic rings, <i>i.e</i>. maleimide and succinimide derivatives, are studied to gain further mechanistic insight into the non-conventional luminescence process. It has been unveiled that <a>all the molecules exhibit bright and visible luminescence in concentrated solution and solid state </a>and the formation of clusters is the root cause for such behaviors, which can effectively increase the possibility of both the non-radiative n-π* and favorable π-π* transitions and stabilize the excitons formed in the excited state. The distinctive luminescent phenomena and intriguing mechanism presented in this work will be significant for understanding the mechanism of clusteroluminescence and provide new strategies for the rational design of novel luminescent materials.

Recent Advances in Three-Component Cyclocondensation of Dimedone with Aldehydes and Malononitrile for Construction of Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans Using Organocatalysts

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1043-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamzeh Kiyani
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Green Solvent ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Many ◽  
Ethanol System ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
New Strategies

Background: The majority of naturally occurring compounds, pharmaceuticals, and drug-candidate molecules possess heterocyclic scaffolds. In this context, tetrahydobenzo[b]pyrans are of considerable importance. In the line with the synthesis of these valuable heterocyclic compounds, the researchers tried to synthesize these molecules using different organocatalysts. The development of new strategies for three-component condensation of dimedone, various aldehydes and malononitrile for construction of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans is of particular interest to organic chemists and pharmacologists. Objective: In this review, three-component catalyzed synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran compounds is introduced, focusing on the developments in the use of organocatalysts. Organocatalytic approaches were investigated for the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans. This contribution covers the literature concerning the synthesis of heterocycles referred to, in recent times. Conclusion: This review article is associated with the study of the three-component synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans using organocatalysts. This review also provides an insight into the importance of these heterocycles. In the vast majority of these reactions, water and water-ethanol system have been used as green solvent media for implementation of them. The use of green solvents, the development of less toxic and promising reagents/catalysts as well as the design of inexpensive and reliable approaches are some of the principles of green chemistry, and most of the methods are benefited from them. Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans and organocatalysts open avenue ofnew horizons. The recyclability of the many of these organocatalysts offers an additional merit for the use of these catalysts in 3-CR of aldehydes, dimedone, and malononitrile reactions.

scholarly journals Comparative Hemolymph Proteomic and Enzymatic Analyses of Two Strains of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Ticks Resistant and Susceptible to Ixodicides

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Aguilar-Díaz ◽  
M. Esquivel-Velázquez ◽  
R. E. Quiroz-Castañeda ◽  
E. Miranda-Miranda ◽  
R. J. P. Conde-Baeye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
2D Electrophoresis ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Hemolymph Protein ◽  
Boophilus Microplus Ticks ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
New Strategies

The cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is one of the most harmful ectoparasites affecting bovines worldwide. It represents a major threat to livestock industry due to the economic losses caused and diseases associated with these ticks. The most important tick control strategy has been the use of ixodicides, resulting in chemically resistant tick populations. It is necessary to understand the mechanisms that result in resistance so as to create new strategies increasing the lifespan of ixodicides or finding alternative targets to produce new acaricides. In this paper, in order to obtain an insight into the mechanisms that govern ixodicides resistance, we will compare the hemolymph proteome of two tick R. microplus strains, one susceptible (MJ) and one resistant (SA) to ixodicides, using HPLC and 2D electrophoresis. Significant differences were found in protein content between strains using HPLC. 2D electrophoresis revealed that 68 hemolymph protein spots were common between strains; however, 26 spots were unique to the susceptible strain MJ and 5 to the resistant strain SA. The most distinctive protein spots on the preparative gels were selected for further analyses. Nine protein spots were identified by mass fingerprinting, 
revealing proteins that may have a role in the ixodicides resistance or susceptibility. In this paper, we present the tick hemolymph proteome revealing a set of proteins which suggest a possible role in tick detoxification.

scholarly journals Antifungal Resistance and New Strategies to Control Fungal Infections

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Vandeputte ◽  
Selene Ferrari ◽  
Alix T. Coste
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Therapy Targets ◽  
Effector Genes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
New Strategies

Despite improvement of antifungal therapies over the last 30 years, the phenomenon of antifungal resistance is still of major concern in clinical practice. In the last 10 years the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon were extensively unraveled. In this paper, after a brief overview of currently available antifungals, molecular mechanisms of antifungal resistance will be detailed. It appears that major mechanisms of resistance are essential due to the deregulation of antifungal resistance effector genes. This deregulation is a consequence of point mutations occurring in transcriptional regulators of these effector genes. Resistance can also follow the emergence of point mutations directly in the genes coding antifungal targets. In addition we further describe new strategies currently undertaken to discover alternative therapy targets and antifungals. Identification of new antifungals is essentially achieved by the screening of natural or synthetic chemical compound collections. Discovery of new putative antifungal targets is performed through genome-wide approaches for a better understanding of the human pathogenic fungi biology.

scholarly journals Patterns and predictors of nut consumption: results from the 2008/09 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (12) ◽  
pp. 2028-2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel C. Brown ◽  
Siew Ling Tey ◽  
Andrew R. Gray ◽  
Alexandra Chisholm ◽  
Claire Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
New Strategies

Regular nut consumption is associated with reduced CVD risk. Insight into nut consumption patterns provides important information to help design strategies to encourage intake. The present study aimed to describe nut consumption in terms of the percentage of consumers, mean grams eaten among the population and nut consumers, and to identify the predictors of nut consumption. Data from the 24 h dietary recalls of the 2008/09 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey (n 4721) were used to measure nut consumption. On the recall day, the percentages of consumers of whole nuts, nut butters and nuts from hidden sources were 6·9 % (n 240), 7·2 % (n 346) and 19·2 % (n 732), respectively (28·9 % (n 1167) combined (total)). The mean grams consumed by the population were relatively low for whole nuts (2·8 g/d), nut butters (0·9 g/d), nuts from hidden sources (1·5 g/d) and total nuts (5·2 g/d). Among consumers, the mean daily grams of whole nuts, nut butters, nuts from hidden sources and total nuts eaten were 40·3, 12·9, 7·8 and 17·9 g/d, respectively. Those aged 15–18 years had the lowest whole nut consumption, but had the highest nut butter consumption. The consumption of total nuts was positively associated with education and socio-economic status, while whole nut consumption was inversely associated with BMI. In conclusion, the low percentage of nut consumers is of concern and new strategies to increase nut consumption are required. Future public health initiatives should be mindful of these patterns and predictors. In particular, different forms of nuts may appeal to different age and socio-economic groups.

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