scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL ENGINEERING PROPERTIES AND CORROSION RATE IN ANDESITIC VOLCANIC SOILS, WEST LAMPUNG, SUMATRA, INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Prahara Iqbal ◽  
Dicky Muslim ◽  
Zufialdi Zakaria ◽  
Haryadi Permana ◽  
Yunarto Yunarto
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Volcanic Soils ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Clayey Silt ◽  
Average Corrosion Rate

Soil is the most diverse environment that can cause metal corrosion. Many researchers claim that soil is a corrosive environment that has complexity compared to other environments. With a background knowledge of soil engineering properties in a specific area and their effects on the metal corrosion process then corrosion problems can be prevented. This paper presents the relationship between andesitic volcanic soil engineering properties with an average corrosion rate based on geotechnical and statistical methods. In this paper, we propose a new average corrosion rate per year on that soil. The study area took place on the Sekincau-Way Tenong Transect Road, West Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia. This area was composed of silty clay to clayey silt soils which weathering products from andesitic-basaltic volcanic breccia. This soil can store water that is moderate to high and has high plastic properties. Based on the statistical approach, it can be concluded that the corrosion rate in andesitic volcanic soils is 1.132 mm/yr. Soil engineering properties (water content, index plasticity, and clay content) simultaneously affect the average corrosion rate. The effective contribution of each independent variable (soil engineering properties) to the corrosion rate is a plasticity index of 39.5%, the water content of 24.79%, and clay content of 26.04%. Index plasticity and water content were found to raise the average corrosion rate at the soil samples, while clay content was on the side that lowered the average corrosion rate.

Corrosion Study on X70-Carbon Steel Material Influenced by Soil Engineering Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 875-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhazilan Md Noor ◽  
Kar Sing Lim ◽  
Yahaya Nordin ◽  
Arman Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Soil Corrosion

Soil as a corrosive medium is probably of greater complexity than other environment. This paper studies the influence of soil engineering properties towards metal loss of buried X70 carbon steel coupons. The study focuses on soil engineering properties which are soil moisture content, clay content and plasticity index. A total of 160 pieces of X70 carbon steel coupon were buried in 5 different locations in Peninsular Malaysia for a period of 12 months to study the effect of the abovementioned parameters towards metal loss caused by soil-corrosion. The samples were retrieved periodically for every 3 months to determine its weight loss and consequently the corrosion rate. It was found that the rapid growth of corrosion is relatively correlated with the high moisture content of soil. Yet, corrosion initiated at a slow pace for high plasticity soil and clayey soil. The highest and the lowest corrosion growth rate were calculated at 0.218mm/year and 0.051mm/year respectively. No strong indication can be found to relate the dominant influence of soil engineering properties towards measured corrosion rate of buried steel coupons.

scholarly journals Effect of clay content on strength and permeability of plastic loess-cement

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Boriana Tchakalova
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density

Plastic soil-cement is a type of soil stabilization used for the treatment of natural soil to improve its engineering properties. It is a hardened material prepared by mixing soil and Portland cement at a water content higher than optimum, usually near the liquid limit, without compaction at optimum water content to maximum dry density. In Bulgaria, this soil stabilization technique has been applied in foundation works in collapsible loess ground in order to replace a part of the collapsible layer, to increase the bearing capacity of the soil base and/or to isolate the geoenvironment from migration of pollutants. The aim of the current paper is to examine the effect of the clay content of the loess soil on the strength and permeability of plastic loess-cement. Results from the investigation indicate that the mechanical and hydraulic properties of the plastic loess-cement highly depend on the presence of clay fraction.

Unique Autoclave Stress Induced Failure Mechanism

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Butchko ◽  
Bruce T. Gillette
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Reliability Testing ◽  
Process Change ◽  
Transistor Reliability ◽  
Pass Through

Abstract Autoclave Stress failures were encountered at the 96 hour read during transistor reliability testing. A unique metal corrosion mechanism was found during the failure analysis, which was creating a contamination path to the drain source junction, resulting in high Idss and Igss leakage. The Al(Si) top metal was oxidizing along the grain boundaries at a faster rate than at the surface. There was subsurface blistering of the Al(Si), along with the grain boundary corrosion. This blistering was creating a contamination path from the package to the Si surface. Several variations in the metal stack were evaluated to better understand the cause of the failures and to provide a process solution. The prevention of intergranular metal corrosion and subsurface blistering during autoclave testing required a materials change from Al(Si) to Al(Si)(Cu). This change resulted in a reduced corrosion rate and consequently prevented Si contamination due to blistering. The process change resulted in a successful pass through the autoclave testing.

scholarly journals Soil Texture Alters the Impact of Salinity on Carbon Mineralization

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Ruihuan She ◽  
Yongxiang Yu ◽  
Chaorong Ge ◽  
Huaiying Yao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
C Mineralization ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Silty Clay Soil

Soil salinization typically inhibits the ability of decomposer organisms to utilize soil organic matter, and an increase in soil clay content can mediate the negative effect of salinity on carbon (C) mineralization. However, the interactive effects of soil salt concentrations and properties on C mineralization remain uncertain. In this study, a laboratory experiment was performed to investigate the interactive effects of soil salt content (0.1%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 1.0%) and texture (sandy loam, sandy clay loam and silty clay soil with 6.0%, 23.9% and 40.6% clay content, respectively) on C mineralization and microbial community composition after cotton straw addition. With increasing soil salinity, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the three soils decreased, but the effect of soil salinity on the decomposition of soil organic carbon varied with soil texture. Cumulative CO2 emissions in the coarse-textured (sandy loam and sandy clay loam) soils were more affected by salinity than those in the fine-textured (silty clay) soil. This difference was probably due to the differing responses of labile and resistant organic compounds to salinity across different soil texture. Increased salinity decreased the decomposition of the stable C pool in the coarse-textured soil, by reducing the proportion of fungi to bacteria, whereas it decreased the mineralization of the active C pool in the fine-textured soil through decreasing the Gram-positive bacterial population. Overall, our results suggest that soil texture controlled the negative effect of salinity on C mineralization through regulating the soil microbial community composition.

Laboratory Tests on Engineering Properties of Wind-Blown Sand

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 706-709
Author(s):  
Zhao Lin Jia ◽  
Shu Wang Yan ◽  
Zhi Liang Huo
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Grain Composition ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Compaction Curve ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Dry And Wet Conditions ◽  
Compaction Properties

By means of laboratory tests and theoretical calculation, the physical, mechanical properties and compaction mechanism of the wind-blown sand are studied to deal with the problem of how to use the wind-blown sand as roadbed materials. It is revealed that water content doesn’t affect the compressibility and the shear strength of the wind-blown sand obviously and the wind-blown sand can be compacted both in dry and wet conditions. The compaction curve of the ordinary fine sand is consistent with that of wind-blown sand and the main factors affecting the compaction properties are the grain composition, water content and compaction work.

scholarly journals Using Multivariate Geostatistics to Assess Patterns of Spatial Dependence of Apparent Soil Electrical Conductivity and Selected Soil Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glécio Machado Siqueira ◽  
Jorge Dafonte Dafonte ◽  
Montserrat Valcárcel Armesto ◽  
Ênio Farias França e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Multivariate Geostatistics ◽  
Northwestern Spain

The apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) was continuously recorded in three successive dates using electromagnetic induction in horizontal (ECa-H) and vertical (ECa-V) dipole modes at a 6 ha plot located in Northwestern Spain. One of the ECadata sets was used to devise an optimized sampling scheme consisting of 40 points. Soil was sampled at the 0.0–0.3 m depth, in these 40 points, and analyzed for sand, silt, and clay content; gravimetric water content; and electrical conductivity of saturated soil paste. Coefficients of correlation between ECaand gravimetric soil water content (0.685 for ECa-V and 0.649 for ECa-H) were higher than those between ECaand clay content (ranging from 0.197 to 0.495, when different ECarecording dates were taken into account). Ordinary and universal kriging have been used to assess the patterns of spatial variability of the ECadata sets recorded at successive dates and the analyzed soil properties. Ordinary and universal cokriging methods have improved the estimation of gravimetric soil water content using the data of ECaas secondary variable with respect to the use of ordinary kriging.

scholarly journals Engineering Properties of Concrete with Waste Recycled Plastic: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewumi Babafemi ◽  
Branko Šavija ◽  
Suvash Paul ◽  
Vivi Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Surface Shape ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Durability Properties ◽  
Composite Product ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Recycled Waste ◽  
Moisture Resistant

The abundance of waste plastic is a major issue for the sustainability of the environment as plastic pollutes rivers, land, and oceans. However, the versatile behavior of plastic (it is lightweight, flexible, strong, moisture-resistant, and cheap) can make it a replacement for or alternative to many existing composite materials like concrete. Over the past few decades, many researchers have used waste plastic as a replacement for aggregates in concrete. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the engineering properties of waste recycled plastic. It is divided into three sections, along with an introduction and conclusion. The influence of recycled waste plastics on the fresh properties of concrete is discussed first, followed by its influence on the mechanical and durability properties of concrete. Current experimental results have shown that the mechanical and durability properties of concrete are altered due to the inclusion of plastic. However, such concrete still fulfills the requirements of many engineering applications. This review also advocates further study of possible pre-treatment of waste plastic properties for the modification of its surface, shape, and size in order to improve the quality of the composite product and make its use more widespread.

Enhancement of Borosilicate Glass Dissolution by Silica Sorption and Diffusion in Compacted Bentonite: A Model Study.

1990 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enzo Curti ◽  
P. A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Glass Block ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Compacted Bentonite ◽  
Glass Corrosion ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Average Corrosion Rate

ABSTRACTExperimental evidence indicates that glass corrosion rates decrease proportionally with the increase of silicic acid concentration in the solution contacting the glass surface. A minimum corrosion rate (Rsat) is reached when the solution becomes saturated with respect to an unidentified amorphous siliceous compound. In a repository where the vitrified waste form is surrounded by compacted bentonite, the silica dissolved from the glass will diffuse into the pore solution and concentration gradients will be established throughout the backfill material. The silicic acid concentration at the glass-bentonite interface, and thus the glass corrosion rate, will then be diffusion controlled. Moreover, experimental work suggests that significant sorption of silica by clay minerals in bentonite may accelerate glass corrosion.A model describing glass corrosion coupled with diffusive transport and sorption of silica in bentonite has been developed and incorporated in a FORTRAN computer code (GLADIS). The model assumes: (a) a linear isotherm for the sorption of silica (KD), (b) time and space invariant pH, temperature and ionic strength, (c) proportionality between the quantity of silica precipitated and the amount of glass dissolved and (d) cylindrical geometry. Preliminary calculations with a particular parameter set at 90°C, assuming no silica sorption on the bentonite, indicate for an unfractured glass block that a stationary state is rapidly reached in which the silica concentration at the glass-bentonite interface is lower than the saturation concentration. This implies that the glass corrodes at a more rapid rate than Rsat (RsS ∼ 8 Rsat) If moderate silica sorption is assumed (KD = 0.5 m3 kg−1), the attainment of stationary conditions is delayed by the removal of silicic acid from solution, and the average corrosion rate is further increased by a factor ∼ 2.

scholarly journals A Review of the electrochemical corrosion of metals in choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihael Bučko ◽  
Jelena Bajat
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Separate Class

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a class of mixtures with melting points notably lower than those of their raw constituent components. These liquids have found a tremendously wide spectrum of applications in the last two decades of their research, so their contact and interaction with technical metals and alloys are inevitable. Therefore, the corrosivity of DESs towards metals is an extremely important topic. This review summarizes research efforts collected in the last two decades related to the corrosion rate of various metals in different DESs. Since the DESs are mainly composed of organic raw compounds, and by their physicochemical properties they may be regarded as a separate class of ionic liquids, the literature data about DESs corrosivity has been compared to the data related to the corrosivity of various organic solvents and ionic liquids as well. All the results gained until now show significantly low corrosivity of DESs. This observation is discussed in relation to the chemical composition of DESs. The absence of the oxidizing agents, the inhibitory action of organic ions and molecules, high viscosity and low electrical conductivity have been recognized as the main factors contributing to the low metal corrosion rate in DESs.

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