Corrosion Study on X70-Carbon Steel Material Influenced by Soil Engineering Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 875-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhazilan Md Noor ◽  
Kar Sing Lim ◽  
Yahaya Nordin ◽  
Arman Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Soil Corrosion

Soil as a corrosive medium is probably of greater complexity than other environment. This paper studies the influence of soil engineering properties towards metal loss of buried X70 carbon steel coupons. The study focuses on soil engineering properties which are soil moisture content, clay content and plasticity index. A total of 160 pieces of X70 carbon steel coupon were buried in 5 different locations in Peninsular Malaysia for a period of 12 months to study the effect of the abovementioned parameters towards metal loss caused by soil-corrosion. The samples were retrieved periodically for every 3 months to determine its weight loss and consequently the corrosion rate. It was found that the rapid growth of corrosion is relatively correlated with the high moisture content of soil. Yet, corrosion initiated at a slow pace for high plasticity soil and clayey soil. The highest and the lowest corrosion growth rate were calculated at 0.218mm/year and 0.051mm/year respectively. No strong indication can be found to relate the dominant influence of soil engineering properties towards measured corrosion rate of buried steel coupons.

scholarly journals The Effect of Both Moisture and Clay Content on The Soil Corrosion Process for Different Periods of Time as A Geomorphological Study in Al-Kut City

2022 ◽  
Vol 961 (1) ◽  
pp. 012083
Author(s):  
Ehssan A. Abdulameer ◽  
Raheem A.H. Al-Uqaily ◽  
Subhi A.H. Al-Bayaty
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Soil Corrosion ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Underground Storage Tanks ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Rate Development

Abstract Soil corrosion is a major hazard to subterranean infrastructure including gas and oil transmission pipes, underground storage tanks and others. The impacts of soil engineering characteristics on buried mild steel coupons’ metal loss are investigated in this work. Soil characteristics such as soil clay and moisture content are the focus of the present research in Al-Kut city near Tigris River. For a twelve month period, 100 pieces of mild steel coupons were put underground in five different sites across to look into the effects of the aforementioned variables on loss of metal owing to corrosion of soil. Every three months, the samples were recovered to evaluate the rate of weight loss and corrosion rate development. The data show that the high moisture content of the soil is linked to rapid corrosion development. Corrosion on clay soil, on the other hand, takes longer to start. According to the qualitative assessment, soil moisture content has a greater impact on corrosion dynamics than clay content.

scholarly journals Using Steel Slag for Stabilizing Clayey Soil in Sulaimani City-Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 145-157
Author(s):  
Zozk Kawa Abdalqadir ◽  
Nihad Bahaaldeen Salih ◽  
Soran Jabbar Hama Salih
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Swelling Pressure ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
California Bearing Ratio ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Clayey Soils

The clayey soils have the capability to swell and shrink with the variation in moisture content. Soil stabilization is a well-known technique, which is implemented to improve the geotechnical properties of soils. The massive quantities of waste materials are resulting from modern industry methods create disposal hazards in addition to environmental problems. The steel industry has a waste that can be used with low strength and weak engineering properties soils. This study is carried out to evaluate the effect of steel slag (SS) as a by-product of the geotechnical properties of clayey soil. A series of laboratory tests were conducted on natural and stabilized soils. SS was added by 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20% to the soil. The conducted tests are consistency limits, specific gravity, hydrometer analysis, modified Proctor compaction, swelling pressure, swelling percent, unconfined compressive strength, and California Bearing Ratio (Soaked CBR). The results showed that the values of liquid limit, plasticity index, optimum moisture content, swelling pressure, and swelling percent were decreased when stabilized the soil. However, the values of maximum dry density, unconfined compressive strength, and California bearing ratio were increased with the addition of steel slag with various percentages to the clayey soil samples. The steel slag was found to be successfully improving the geotechnical properties of clayey soils.

Modeling of External Metal Loss for Corroded Buried Pipeline

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Rabeah Othman ◽  
Nordin Yahaya ◽  
Norhazilan Md Noor ◽  
Lim Kar Sing ◽  
Libriati Zardasti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Time Dependence ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Plasticity Index ◽  
Metal Loss

A statistical predictive model to estimate the time dependence of metal loss (ML) for buried pipelines has been developed considering the physical and chemical properties of soil. The parameters for this model include pH, chloride content, caliphate content (SO), sulfide content, organic content (ORG), resistivity (RE), moisture content (WC), clay content (CC), plasticity index (PI), and particle size distribution. The power law-based time dependence of the ML was modeled as P = ktv, where t is the time exposure, k is the metal loss coefficient, and v is the corrosion growth pattern. The results were analyzed using statistical methods such as exploratory data analysis (EDA), single linear regression (SLR), principal component analysis (PCA), and multiple linear regression (MLR). The model revealed that chloride (CL), resistivity (RE), organic content (ORG), moisture content (WC), and pH were the most influential variables on k, while caliphate content (SO), plasticity index (PI), and clay content (CC) appear to be influential toward v. The predictive corrosion model based on data from a real site has yielded a reasonable prediction of metal mass loss, with an R2 score of 0.89. This research has introduced innovative ways to model the corrosion growth for an underground pipeline environment using measured metal loss from multiple pipeline installation sites. The model enables predictions of potential metal mass loss and hence the level of soil corrosivity for Malaysia.

scholarly journals The Effect of Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans To Carbon Steel Grade API 5L X70

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Nur Bazilah Ishak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans ◽  
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Low Carbon

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) caused by the presence of Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) is a big concern in heavy industries. Pipeline infrastructure may experience severe metal loss due to corrosion induced by the species and can potentially lead to catastrophic failure. By studying SRB growth condition, important parameter can be controlled to prevent or slow down a corrosion process. This study discussed on the effect of pH value to the corrosion growth rate on API 5L X70 low carbon steel subjected to outer part of underground pipeline. In this research, the type of SRB that's been used is Postgate C of Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans. There are 80 numbers of samples prepared with various pH value and temperature, which each of the samples contains two coupon steel immersed in the medium together with SRB for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The process in determining weight loss is analyzed and the corrosion rate for each steel sample is identified by weight loss. The result is plotted and analyzed, the particular pH values and temperature affect the growth of SRB in the medium where the existence of SRB could accelerate the corrosion rate towards the steel surface of API X-70. The samples are exposed to SRB in days’ time. This experiment aims to determine the optimum temperature for SRB growth and demonstrate the corrosion rate simulation using One-Factor-at-A-Time method (OFAT) method. The consequences of SRB activity, it is shown that pitting corrosion produced on the surface of steel. In fact, the sulphur element is identified as one of the corrosion products due to SRB activity.

scholarly journals Influence of Waste Toothbrush Fiber on Strength and Freezing–Thawing Behavior in High Plasticity Clay

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Isik ◽  
R. Kagan Akbulut ◽  
A. Sahin Zaimoglu
Keyword(s):  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Reinforcement Material ◽  
Fine Grained Soil ◽  
High Plasticity Clay ◽  
Waste Polypropylene

AbstractThe use of waste materials in civil engineering applications has gained importance nowadays. Consuming limited natural resources and increasing waste disposal costs have led researchers to evaluate waste materials for different geotechnical applications. In this respect, some waste materials are used as reinforcement in soils to improve their engineering properties. The main objective of this paper was to investigate the usability of waste polypropylene fiber as a reinforcement material in high plasticity fine-grained soils. For this purpose, waste toothbrush bristle (WTB) was used as a polypropylene fiber reinforcement material and added to fine-grained soil at ratios of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% by dry total weight. The effect of WTB on freezing–thawing behavior and unconfined compression strength of unreinforced and reinforced clayey soil was evaluated. The results indicated that addition of WTB to high plasticity clay improved its behavior against freezing–thawing. Also, undrained shear strength increases with respect to increment in WTB ratio.

scholarly journals Soil Stabilization using Polypropylene Clamshell Food Containers

2021 ◽  
Vol 1200 (1) ◽  
pp. 012031
Author(s):  
N A C M Salwi ◽  
N Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Food Container

Abstract Soil stabilization is the method of improving the physical properties of soil, such as shear strength and bearing capacity of the soil, by using controlled compaction or the addition of admixtures to produce an improved soil material that has all the desired engineering properties. The new technique of soil stabilization uses plastic waste as an alternative material is of outmost crucial since plastic wastes are non-biodegradable and remain intact after being buried in soil for many years. The present study is focused on investigating the effectiveness of utilizing polypropylene clamshell food containers as soil stabilizers. The physical properties of the untreated clayey soil are determined by conducting moisture content, specific gravity, particle size distribution, and the Atterberg limit test. Also, the Standard Proctor compaction test, as well as the unconfined compressive strength test, are carried out to determine the compaction and strength parameters of the soil sample before and after reinforcing with different percentages of polypropylene clamshell food container strips such as 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2%. Findings from this study indicate that the addition of polypropylene clamshell food container strips in the clayey soil is capable of becoming a soil stabilizer agent as the optimum compressive strength of the soil was achieved with replacement of 0.8% of plastic strips, along with increasing the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) while decreasing the Maximum Dry Density (MDD). Successful implementation of polypropylene plastic in soil stabilization can help minimize the volume of plastic waste in the environment, which then leads to developing a sustainable future by utilizing recyclable material as alternative sources in the geotechnical field.

Electrochemical Study of 1018 Steel Exposed to Different Soils from South of México

2015 ◽  
Vol 1766 ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Quej-Ake ◽  
A. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Potentiodynamic Polarization ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
The State ◽  
Polarization Curves ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Coated Steel ◽  
Potentiodynamic Polarization Curves ◽  
Physicochemical Effect

ABSTRACTPhysicochemical effect on the corrosion process of AISI 1018 steel exposed to five type of soils from South of México at different moisture content using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization curves was studied. Two soils were collected in the state of Veracruz (clay of high plasticity and silt) and three soils from the state of Campeche (sand, clay and clay-silt). Moisture values were determined by addition of 0, 20, 40 and 60 ml of deionized water in a volume of 125 cm3of each soil. The corrosion behavior of uncoated and coated steel with a viscoelastic polymer was analyzed. Effect of damage on the coating when the steel is exposed to corrosive soils was studied. EIS evaluations indicate that 1018 steel without coating is more susceptible to corrosion in the clay at the maximum moisture content (39.7 wt. %). However, for sand the more corrosive moisture belong to 12.8 wt. %, which is not the maximum moisture, which is agree with the lower polarization resistance (52.21 Ω.cm2). Potentiodynamic polarization curves suggested that uncoated steel exposed to clay-silt from state of Campeche exhibited the higher corrosion rate (0.698 mm/year) at 53.1 wt. % moisture. Meanwhile, in the coated steel with induced damage, the higher corrosion rate was obtained in the clay (0.0018 mm/year) at 34.2 wt. % moisture. 1018 steel coated with induced damage exposed to clay displayed the higher Ecorrvalues, which means that clay is more susceptible to overprotection as consequence of any change in the voltages originated by moisture content.

Experimental Investigation on Strength and Bearing Capacity Improvement of a High Plasticity Clayey Subgrade Soil Using Lime

2019 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 200-206
Author(s):  
Subhradeep Dhar ◽  
Monowar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Structural Morphology ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Capacity Improvement ◽  
Stabilization Technique

Limited connectivity and poor infrastructure of roads acts as a roadblocks hampering the socio-economic development of one region. In order to overall development of these regions an effort should be given to cultivate well established road network. But due to scarcity of good quality soil PWD engineers are often forced to build roads over the weak soil which directly affects the strength and durability of the road. It is therefore essential to improve the engineering properties of such problematic soil with suitable stabilization technique as and when encountered. Lime stabilization is one such well known chemical stabilization technique extensively used to improve the poor subgrade condition and it is recommended by several codes in INDIA. This paper attempts to study the effect of lime on strength and bearing capacity improvement of soft clayey soil. A series of UCS and CBR tests are conducted with different percentages of lime (i.e. 3, 5, 7 and 9%) and at different curing period to assess the potential of lime in strength improvement. Test results indicate that strength, stiffness and bearing capacity of the soil is considerably improved after lime amendment. Both unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ration (CBR) improved up to 7% of lime beyond that it decreases. The improvement of UCS and CBR is found approx three and five fold as compared to original soil. Underlying mechanisms of this improvement is further scrutinized by microstructural analysis such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with Energy dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX). Apparent formation of some new peaks in XRD analysis and change of textural and structural morphology of clayey soils obtained from FESEM confirms the formation of cementitious compounds in the lime stabilized soil.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL ENGINEERING PROPERTIES AND CORROSION RATE IN ANDESITIC VOLCANIC SOILS, WEST LAMPUNG, SUMATRA, INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Prahara Iqbal ◽  
Dicky Muslim ◽  
Zufialdi Zakaria ◽  
Haryadi Permana ◽  
Yunarto Yunarto
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Volcanic Soils ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Clayey Silt ◽  
Average Corrosion Rate

Soil is the most diverse environment that can cause metal corrosion. Many researchers claim that soil is a corrosive environment that has complexity compared to other environments. With a background knowledge of soil engineering properties in a specific area and their effects on the metal corrosion process then corrosion problems can be prevented. This paper presents the relationship between andesitic volcanic soil engineering properties with an average corrosion rate based on geotechnical and statistical methods. In this paper, we propose a new average corrosion rate per year on that soil. The study area took place on the Sekincau-Way Tenong Transect Road, West Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia. This area was composed of silty clay to clayey silt soils which weathering products from andesitic-basaltic volcanic breccia. This soil can store water that is moderate to high and has high plastic properties. Based on the statistical approach, it can be concluded that the corrosion rate in andesitic volcanic soils is 1.132 mm/yr. Soil engineering properties (water content, index plasticity, and clay content) simultaneously affect the average corrosion rate. The effective contribution of each independent variable (soil engineering properties) to the corrosion rate is a plasticity index of 39.5%, the water content of 24.79%, and clay content of 26.04%. Index plasticity and water content were found to raise the average corrosion rate at the soil samples, while clay content was on the side that lowered the average corrosion rate.

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