scholarly journals ULASAN: PEMBANGUNAN TEKNOLOGI PENGGASAN DAN PENGGUNAAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-210
Author(s):  
Muhammad Roslan Rahim ◽  
Annisa Palupi Trisasongko ◽  
Mohammad Nazri Mohd Jaafar ◽  
Norazila Othman ◽  
Yahaya Ramli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Basic Block ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Air Content ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gas

Gasification technologies have the potential to produce clean and efficient energy sources. This technology is capable of producing synthesis gas from low or negative carbon -based raw materials such as coal, petroleum coke, high sulfur fuel oil, waste or waste materials and biomass. The gas produced from the process is used to replace natural gas to generate electrical power, or acts as basic raw material for producing chemicals and liquid fuels. Gasification is a process which utilizes heat, pressure, and steam to convert materials directly into gases, such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen gases. Despite differing in various aspects, gasification technologies have four common engineering factors such as atmospheric gasification reactors (oxygen or air content level), internal and external heating, reactor design and operating temperature. Raw materials, either in dry form or small granules, are fed into the reactor chamber called gasifier. Raw materials subjected to heat, pressure as well as an environment with rich or low oxygen content. Hydrocarbon gas (also known as Syngas), liquid hydrocarbon (oil) and coal (carbon black and ash) are the three main products of gasification. Syngas can be used as a fuel to produce electricity or steam, or acts as a basic block for various types of chemicals. When mixed with air, Syngas can be used in petrol or diesel engines with slight modifications to the engine.

PROPERTIES OF BOILER FUEL COMPOUNDED BY NARROW FUEL FRACTIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
K. Shevchenko ◽  
A. Grigorov ◽  
I. Sinkevich
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Boiler Fuel ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Lower Heat ◽  
The One

In order to improve the performance properties, in particular viscosity-temperature, of boiler fuel, it is proposed to combine them with narrow fuel fractions obtained by thermal destruction of secondary polymer raw materials (low pressure polyethylene and polypropylene). When compounding grade 100 fuel oil with narrow fuel fractions, the values ​​of density are reduced to 865 (873) kg / m3, conditional viscosity to 2.50 (2.63) deg. um., pour point up to 8 (13) °C), sulfur content up to 0.17 wt%. and the lower heat of combustion increases to 43606 (43850) kJ / kg. At the same time, there is a gradual decrease in the value of the flash point to 114 (127) °C. This reduction is a negative point, which leads to increased fire safety of fuel oil during its use, storage, pumping and transport. However, the values of the flash point, according to the requirements of regulatory documentation, are within acceptable limits. That is, the value of this indicator can limit the content of fuel oil in narrow fuel fractions. It is determined that the rational concentration of narrow fuel fractions in the composition of fuel oil grade 100, is within 30% of the mass. Within these limits, there is a permissible decrease in flash point values – an indicator that characterizes the fire hazard of fuel oil during its use, storage, pumping and transportation against the background of improving other performance properties of fuel oil. The production of the proposed compound boiler fuel on the one hand allows to expand the raw material base of the process by involving in the production process secondary polymer raw materials – solid waste subject to mandatory disposal, on the other – to meet existing demand for boiler fuel by increasing its production.

scholarly journals CONVERSION OF CO2 TO HYDROCARBON SYNFUEL BY UTILIZING NUCLEAR HYDROGEN COGENERATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Djati H Salimy
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

A study of the utilization of hydrogen cogeneration with nuclear energy as a technology for the conversion of CO2 into synthetic liquid hydrocarbon fuels has been carried out. The aim of the study is to understand the conversion of CO2 and H2 into synthetic fuels, as well as the role of nuclear hydrogen cogeneration for the production of hydrogen and as a source of process heat energy. The method used is literature study based on the results of existing research. Conventionally, synthetic fuel production from coal is produced through coal gasification process, followed by reacting synthesis gas (mixture of CO and H2) in FT reactor to synthesis fuel. In this study, we studied the production of synthetic fuels with CO2 and H2 raw materials. CO2 comes from emissions of coal-fired plants, whereas H2 is produced by nuclear hydrogen cogeneration systems. The results show that compared to conventional processes, CO2 and H2-based processes supported by coal cogeneration systems provide significant advantages in terms of CO2 emissions. The process based on coal gasification and nuclear cogeneration, capable of reducing emissions by up to 75% and saving up to 40% of coal consumption. While the process based only on CO2 and nuclear hydrogen cogeneration (without coal gasification), teoretically can operate witout any CO2 emission at all. Even this process can captured and utilize CO2 emissions from coal fired plant, and use it as a raw material for the process.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF CENTRIFUGAL GRINDER GRANTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Ivan Sevostyanov ◽  
Oleksandr Melnik ◽  
Sergiy Kraevsky ◽  
Anatoliy Gorbachenko
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Working Chamber ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Internal Surfaces ◽  
Effective Efficiency ◽  
Moderate Cost

The processes of grinding dry and wet dispersed materials are common in alcohol, beer, sugar, meat, bakery, feed, chemical and a number of other industries, as well as in construction. Relevant for these processes, especially recently, in connection with the rise in the cost of energy resources, is the problem of reducing energy costs during their implementation, subject to high productivity, sufficient degree and uniformity of grinding and moderate cost of equipment for the process. The article proposes scientifically substantiated dependencies for calculating the minimum required electrical power of an experimental industrial grinder, which is considered as a replacement for hammer crushers, when used to grind wet grain of wheat, rye or corn and ensure the specified performance, taking into account the daily volume of raw materials processed at the enterprise. as well as the permissible degree of its refinement. In particular, equations were obtained to determine the power consumption for bringing the raw material in the grinder into rotary motion, for the friction between the grains of the raw material and the grinder discs, as well as the internal surfaces of its working chamber, for the friction between the grains themselves, the power required for grinding. The electric power of the grinder, the effective efficiency (41%) and the total efficiency (14%), by which it is superior to hammer crushers, have been calculated. In this work, based on the theory of contactless hydraulic seals, the analysis of possible trajectories of the particles of the processed raw materials in the working chamber of the grinder (grains of wheat, rye or corn moistened with water) is carried out, the forces acting on the particles of the raw material in the process of their movement from the axis of the grinder to the periphery of the working chamber are determined, as well as the analysis of the interaction of particles during their grinding, based on the theoretical provisions of the mechanics of quasi-solid and quasi-liquid bodies.

Research on the Effect of High-Temperature Melting β-SiC by Raw Materials and Power Supply

2017 ◽  
Vol 727 ◽  
pp. 294-296
Author(s):  
Ze Min Wu ◽  
Xiao Gang Wang ◽  
Zi Min Fan ◽  
Li Rong Deng ◽  
Shu He Lu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Smelting Method ◽  
Powder Samples ◽  
Temperature Melting

Using high quality carbon raw material,high quality silica raw material , the β-SiC powder are prepared by high-temperature vacuum smelting method. The effects of different materials and electrical power to the product of β-SiC quality has been studied. The microstructure and phase analysis of β-SiC powder samples were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The result shows that the raw materials are better, the product quality are better. In addition, the result also indicates that the β-SiC powder have better quality when the power are 3000W.

scholarly journals Advantages and Problems of the Development of Efficient Biofuel Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7045-7051
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Oil Fuel ◽  
Oil Gas ◽  
Protein Feed

The article discusses the advantages and problems of the development of efficient biofuel production. The experience of developed countries in the production of biofuels from agricultural raw materials. Defined economic and social aspects. There is a political side to the production of renewable bioenergy. The availability of verified energy sources gives the country a certain temporary "margin of energy durability" in the event of a sudden interruption in the supply of traditional fuels (oil, fuel oil, gas) and some opportunity for maneuvering energy resources within the state. The development of bioenergy based on the use of its own raw material base is economically feasible. This is not only biofuels and fertilizers, but also high-protein feed for livestock and poultry, as well as the possibility of energy supply of specific agricultural enterprises.

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MASSES: IMPROVEMENT BY COMPLEX MATERIAL ACTIVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-351
Author(s):  
A. S. Mavlyanov ◽  
E. K. Sardarbekova
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Masses

Introduction. The objective of the research is to study the effect of the complex activation of the alumina raw material on the rheological properties of the ceramic mass. In addition, the authors investigate solutions for the application of optimal coagulation structures based on loams and ash together with plastic certificates.Materials and methods. The authors used the local forest like reserves of clay loams at the BashKarasu, ash fields of the Bishkek Central Heating Centre (BTEC) and plasticizer (sodium naphthenate obtained from alkaline chemical production wastes) as fibrous materials. Moreover, the authors defined technological properties of raw materials within standard laboratory methodology in accordance with current GOSTs.Results. The researchers tested plastic durability on variously prepared masses for the choice of optimal structures. The paper demonstrated the plastic durability of complexly activated compounds comparing with non-activated and mechanically activated compounds. The sensitivity coefficient increased the amount of clay loams by mechanically and complexly activated, which predetermined the possibility of intensifying the process of drying samples based on complexly activated masses.Discussion and conclusions. However, mechanical activation of clay material reduces the period of relaxation and increases the elasticity coefficient of ceramic masses by 1.8–3.4 times, meanwhile decreases elasticity, viscosity and the conventional power during molding, which generally worsens the molding properties of the masses. Сomplex activation of ash-clay material decreases the period of relaxation and provides an increase in elasticity, plasticity of ceramic masses by 46–47%, reduction in viscosity by 1.5–2 times, conventional power on molding by 37–122% in comparison with MA clay loams. Ceramic masses based on spacecraft alumina raw materials belong to the SMT with improved rheological properties; products based on them pass through the mouthpiece for 5–7 seconds.

ANALYSIS FOR POTENCY AND PRODUCTION OF GRANULE ORGANIC FERTILIZER BASED ON MANURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firman L. Sahwan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Natural Organic Material ◽  
Very High

Organic materials that are generally used as raw material for organic fertilizer granules (POG) is a natural organic material that has been degrade, smooth and dry. One of the main raw materials are always used with a very high percentage of usage, is manure. Manure potential in Indonesia is very high, amounting to 113.6 million tons per year, or 64.7 million tons per year to the island of Java. From this amount, it will be generated numbers POG production potential of 17.5 million tons per year (total Indonesia) or 9.9 million tons per year for the island of Java. While the realistic POG production predictions figures made from raw manure is 2.5 million tons annually, a figure that has been unable to meet the number requirement of POG greater than 4 million tons per year. Therefore, in producing POG, it should be to maximize the using of the potential of other organic materials so that the use of manure can be saved. With the use of a small amount of manure (maximum 30% for cow manure), it would be useful also to avoid the production of POG with high Fe content.keywods: organic material, manure, granule organic fertilizer

Nutritional Value Research of Spelt Pasta with Vegetable Additives

Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Oliya Fazullina ◽  
Stanislav Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Physiologically Active Substances ◽  
Simple Carbohydrates

Health indicators of the population depend significantly on the food quality and nutritional value. Simple carbohydrates excess of and lack of protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other physiologically active substances increase the risk of socially significant disease progress. The development and production of mass-consumed products with high nutritional and biological value, including affordable non-traditional raw materials use, are promising areas of the food industry development aimed at improving the nutritional status of the population. The article presents the research results on the developed Noodle products recipes from non-traditional raw materials that meet modern healthy nutrition requirements, intended for dietary treatment and dietary prevention of people with overweight / obesity. The research aimed at expanding the range of macaroni products with these characteristics. As the main raw material, a man selected whole-wheat flour – new spelt flour, and as additional raw materials – buckwheat flour, broccoli and celery powders. The researchers found that the introduction of macaroni products from buckwheat spelt, broccoli and celery powders into the recipe had a multidirectional effect, reducing or increasing various indicators of its nutritional value. The changes range did not affect the overall characteristics. The satisfaction degree of the average daily need for food substances and energy when consuming a portion of 100 g for each sample of developed Noodle products allows them to be classified as functional products that are protein and dietary fiber sources, according to the requirements of the TR CU 022/2011.

UNIDO, Industrial Processing of Natural Resources. New York: United Nations. 1981. viii + 78pp.US $ 5.00. [United Nations Publication Sales No. E. 81. 11 . B.1]

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-333
Author(s):  
Rashid Aziz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Manufactured Exports ◽  
Year 2000

The book under review is a concise but fairly in-depth study of the prospects for export diversification from the Less Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as LDCs) particularly to Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as OCs). Given the multiple problems faced by the LOCs in exporting to the OCs - protectionist policies with regards to manufactured exports, volatility of prices obtained for raw material exports, etc. - the study analyses the potential for following an intermediate route. The important issues in the export of semi -processed and wholly processed raw materials are discussed. 111ese issues range from the problems and potentials for the location of processing facilities in the LOCs to the formulation of appropriate policies to encourage an export of processed goods rather than raw materials. Such policies will be useful both in solving the balance of-payments problems of the LDCs and in attaining the goal of the Lima Declaration and Plan of Action on Industrial Development and Co-operation, that called for 2S percent of world industrial production to be located in the LOCs by the year 2000.

PENGARUH HARGA DAN PEMAKAIAN PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU TERHADAP VOLUME PRODUKSI PADA PT. KELOLA MINA LAUT DI GRESIK

MANAJERIAL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
BAYU YRI WIDHARTO
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
T Test ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
F Test ◽  
Material Price

The purpose of the research was to know the affect of many factors which affected to the production volume in PT. Kelola Mina Laut Gresik. What the price of raw materials was and the used of raw materials partially and simultan eously affected on the production volume. The analysis tool which used was a model of multiple linear regression. Hypothesis testing used t test and F test, both at the significant level 5%. Based of the analysis of research on PT Kelola Mina Laut Gresik. Partially, inventory raw material price had not significant effect on the production volume, consumption of raw material inventory affected significantly of the production volume. Inventory of raw material price and the use of raw material simultan eously affect significantly to the production volume.

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