scholarly journals Athletes’ Perception of Coaches’ Behavior and Skills About Their Sport

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Hanifi Üzüm
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Individual Sports

This study examined the perception of athletes’ about their coaches’ behavior and skills in terms of knowledge and skills, fairness and coaches’ characteristic features. The research was conducted by using relational survey method. The subjects of the study were 95 females and 180 males from diffrent sports. Both team sports athletes such as football, volleyball, basketball, handball and individual sports such as karate, taekwondo, wrestling, kickboxing voluntarily involved ın the study.Perceived Coach Attitudes and Behaviours Scale (PCABS) which was developed by Uzum et al. (2018) was used to asses percevied coaches’ knowledge and skills, fairness and characteristic features by athletes. The scale was composed of 24 items and 3 sub-dimensions (Characteristic Features, Skills and Knowledge, Fairness). Uzum et al. (2018) reported the internal consistency for subscales of PCABS ranging from .56 and .88. For the purpose of this study the reliability of two sub-scales of the PCABS was examined using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α=.83 for knowledge and skills; α=.81for characteristic features of coaches. The data was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey’s Post-Hoc Analysis and Pearson Correlation analysis. The level of significance for the study was set at p<.05.The results of the study showed that the sub-dimension of characteristic features of coaches had the highest mean avarage. There were statistically significant differences between male athletes and female athletes in both dimensions of characteristic features of coaches and knowledge and skills (p<.05). Further analysis indicated that females scored higher than males in both dimensions. With regard to the level of coaching either professional or amateur, perception of characteristic features of coaches had higer scores in professional level than amateur (p<.05). Moreover, correlational analysis revealed that there was negatively significant correlation between age of the coaches and knowledge and skills dimension (r= -0.13). On the other hand, the variables such as age of athletes, year of sports performance, level of education, type of sports and the coachs’ gender, marital status, education level of coaches, amount of time spent with the athlete did not show any significant relationship (p>.05).

scholarly journals ARE THERE DIFFERENCE THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INDONESIAN SEA GAMES ATHLETES IN TERMS OF TEAM SPORTS BASED ON SEX?

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Yahya Eko Nopiyanto ◽  
Alimuddin Alimuddin
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Psychological Characteristic ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Mean

The objective of this study is to investigate differences the psychological characteristic of Indonesian SEA Games athletes in terms of team sports based on sex. This research employed the quantitative approach using the survey method with a restrospective causal-comparative design. This research was population research. All subjects in the population were included in this research with a total of 83 athletes while 43 male athletes and 40 female athletes were from team sports. The data were collected using the Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports (PSIS) questionnaire and analyzed using the independent sample t test at the significance level of 0.05. The research findings revealed that there were significant differences in the psychological characteristics of Indonesian SEA Games athletes in terms of team sports based on sex with the mean score of male athletes = 150.1395 and female atheles = 139.3500 and sig. values = 0.000 < 0.05. There were significant differences in the psychological characteristics of Indonesian SEA Games athletes in terms of team sports based on sex.

Verbal and physical violence against athletes: gender differences and differences according to the type of sport

Post Scriptum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 173-196
Author(s):  
Irena Cajner Mraović ◽  
Lucija Tomić ◽  
Matea Korad
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Verbal Violence ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
The City ◽  
Research Show

In addition to various benefits for the physical, mental, and social development of a person, sport can also be an environment in which verbal and physical violence against athletes occurs. The aim of this study is to determine the extent to which athletes of the City of Zagreb are exposed to verbal and physical violence by coaches, other players, parents, sponsors, and spectators and whether there are differences in exposure to such violence depending on gender and type of sport. A total of 135 athletes from the City of Zagreb participated in the research, who, by using a questionnaire, evaluated the frequency of verbal and physical violence by coaches, other players, parents, sponsors, and spectators. The results of the research show that athletes from the City of Zagreb are exposed to verbal and physical violence by all surveyed actors. In addition, male athletes are more exposed to verbal violence by coaches, other players, parents and spectators, and to physical violence by coaches and other athletes than female athletes. When it comes to the type of sport, no statistically significant differences in exposure to verbal and physical violence were found in athletes who engage in individual sports and those who engage in team sports. The obtained results indicate the importance of changing the focus in sports from the results to the personal development of the athletes themselves.

scholarly journals Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Behavior, Perception of Threat, Stress and Training Patterns of Olympic and Paralympic Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12780
Author(s):  
María José Martínez-Patiño ◽  
Francisco Javier Blas Lopez ◽  
Michel Dubois ◽  
Eric Vilain ◽  
Juan Pedro Fuentes-García
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Personal Problems ◽  
Perception Of Threat ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
And Training

Background: The aims of this study were to analyze the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and its subsequent confinement on behaviors, perception of threat, stress, state of mind and training patterns among Olympic and Paralympic level athletes. Methods: Data gathering was performed utilizing an online questionnaire during imposed confinement. A correlational design with incidental sampling for convenience was used. All the variables were analyzed by age, gender, academic training, type of participation and sport specialty on a population composed of 447 Olympic (age: 26.0 ± 7.5 years) and 64 Paralympic (age: 28.4 ± 10.5 years) athletes. Results: The athletes trained more than twice as many hours before than during confinement. Most of the athletes recognized that their best athletic performance diminished due to the COVID-19 confinement but that will recover after the pandemic and its confinements. Almost half of the athletes declared they were more tired than normal and had difficulty sleeping, while more than half ate more or less as usual. Paralympic athletes reported they felt more capable to cope with personal problems and life events and felt less lonely during the confinement than the Olympians. The athletes from team sports reported to be more affected in their training routine than athletes of individual sports, seeing their athletic performance more affected. Athletes in individual sports felt more able to cope with personal problems than athletes in team sports. Female athletes were significantly more tired and reported more difficulty sleeping than male athletes. Conclusion: The situation caused by COVID-19 has had significant effects on the behavior, perception of threat, stress and training patterns of Olympic and Paralympic athletes preparing for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. It is necessary that sports institutions reinforce mechanisms of help for athletes during future situations of confinement.

scholarly journals Examination of Cognitive Flexibility Levels of Young Individual and Team Sport Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şehmus Aslan
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Sports

The purpose of this study was to compare the level of cognitive flexibility of individual and team athletes who are students. The study included a total of 237 volunteer athletes, comprising 140 males (59.1%) and 97 females (40.9%) with a mean age of 18.98 ± 2.18 years (range, 16-26 years) who were licensed to participate in individual and team sports. Study data were collected using the Cognitive Flexibility Scale developed by Martin and Rubin (1995), which consists of 12 items in total. International validity and reliability studies were conducted by Martin and Rubin, and Turkish validity and reliability studies were conducted by Çelikkaleli on high school students (Çelikkaleli, 2014). The scores of the Cognitive Flexibility Scale were found to be higher in the team sports athletes compared with the individual sports athletes (p<0.05). No difference was determined between the levels of cognitive flexibility in male and female athletes. The results indicated that the cognitive flexibility levels of team athletes are higher than those of individual athletes.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Service Quality of the Hotel Establishments in Sports Tourism With Regard to the Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Hasan Osmanoglu ◽  
Hanifi Üzüm
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Sport Tourism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quality Perception ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sport Facilities ◽  
Individual Sports

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the service quality of the hotels which are provided sport tourism by athletes according to some variables.The research was conducted with cross-sectional research method as one of the general survey models and relational screening model. Target group of the study also constituted the sample group. This sample was formed of 389 athletes in total as 247 males and 142 females from team sports in Turkish Football, Volleyball, Basketball leagues in years 2016-2017 and individual sports.“Sport Tourism Service Quality Scale” (STSQS) developed by Osmanoğlu et al. (2017) was employed as data collecting tool in this study. The scale was formed of 28 items and 5 sub-dimensions as “Sport facilities, α=0.96”, “Staff, α=0.82”, “Entertainment, α=0.90”, “Hygiene, α=0.85” and “Room quality, α=0.80”. The data was analysed by applying one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey’s Post-Hoc test and Pearson Correlation analysis. The level of significance for this study was decided as p<0.05.In conclusion with the study, service quality perception scores of the athletes were established to be high-level at room quality, hygiene and staff sub-dimensions and medium level at sport facilities and entertainment sub-dimensions. It was noted that service quality perception of the individual sports athletes is higher than the team sports athletes at staff and hygiene sub-dimensions (p<0.05). Regarding duration of stay, the mean of the ones that stay for 5 nights and above was observed to be significantly higher than the ones that stay one-two days and three-four days at sport facilities and staff sub-dimensions. Between the sport facilities, staff, hygiene and entertainment sub-dimensions of hotel classification and service quality, a significant distinction was seen in favor of the five star hotels (p<0,05). 

Group Cohesion and Self-Handicapping in Female and Male Athletes

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Hausenblas ◽  
Albert V. Carron
Keyword(s):  
Physical State ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
The Self ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Hierarchical Multiple Regression ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship

There were two main purposes in the present study. The first was to identify the nature of the self-handicaps reported by elite female and male athletes (N = 245). School commitments and sport problems represented the most frequently cited impediments. Female athletes reported a significantly greater number of disruptions and had a greater tendency to report that sport problems, physical state/illness, and family/friend problems hindered their preparation. The second purpose was to determine whether cohesion would moderate the extent to which athletes would use self-handicapping strategies prior to competition. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that cohesion was a moderator in the relationship between the trait of self-handicapping (Excuse Making) and the use of self-handicapping for both female and male elite athletes. Results of post hoc analyses indicated that athletes who were highly predisposed to self-handicap and who perceived their group as more cohesive, had a greater tendency to proactively perceive impediments to subsequent performance.

scholarly journals Anxiety in Athletes: Gender and Type of Sport Differences

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Marco Estêvão Correia ◽  
António Rosado
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Individual Sports

The study of anxiety, specifically its relations with sociodemographic variables, has been fruitfull in sport psychology research. This study aimed to investigate athletes’ sport anxiety regarding differences in gender and sport played. An application of structural equation modeling was made, with 601 Portuguese athletes. From them 172 (28.6%) were female and 429 (71.4%) were male. They competed in a variety of individual (e.g., athletics, climbing, orienteering, surfing, swimming, tennis; 42.6%) and team sports (e.g., basketball, handball, rugby, soccer, volleyball; 57.4%). Participants’ age ranged from 12 to 47 years (M = 17.44 years; SD = 4.99). After testing the measurement invariance of the first and second-order models, across gender and type of sport (individual vs. team), latent mean comparisons were investigated and Cohen’s d (1988) statistic was computed to obtain the corresponding effect sizes (Kline, 2016). Significant differences were detected between male and female athletes and between individual and team sports. Female and individual sports athletes presented higher levels of general sports anxiety. The results of this research provided evidence that anxiety is appraised differently by athletes based on their gender and type of sport.

scholarly journals A competition period evaluation in the long jump events in terms of seasonal Variables: Creating prediction models

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-341
Author(s):  
Berfin Serdil Ors ◽  
Işık Bayraktar
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competition Period

Aim: The purpose of training planning in performance sports is to achieve the desired performance in the target competition. Maintaining the desired performance in the major competition is the main subject of periodization. But at this point, the prediction of the season best, which will serve as a showcase for preparations, is a question as old as the history of training science for coaches. The aim of the study is to examine the variables in the competition period of female and male athletes participated in the top 100 places in the 2018 world lists in the long jump event, to compare by gender, and to create prediction models for the season best and season average performances (SPA) according to the average of first two performances (AF2P). Methods: Ages, total number of days in a season, the number of days between the competitions, total competitions, the number of competitions in which the season's best (SB) performance was achieved, the ratio of the SB to the total number of competitions, the percentages of the first, end, and average scores were analysed. Statistical comparison of female and male athletes was carried out using Independent Samples t-Test. To express the relationships between parameters Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were used. Besides, polynomial regression analysis was used. Finally, the quadratic equations were used to predict SB performance and SPA according to the AF2P. Findings: SB competition, season initial, AF2P, SB, SPA and season-end variables were found to be statistically different between genders. Season initial and SB showed significant relationships for both genders (women; r=0.68; p<0.001; men; r=0.51; p<0.001). AF2P explained 54% of the SB performance for women and 48% for men. Conclusion: The prediction model found in the current study to predict SB performance was applied to the male and female athletes from 2019 season. Models predicted the actual performance with an average of 1.15%. Depending on the close estimation of the actual SB performance of the models; It is thought that the prediction models will enable the trainers to predict the performance of their athletes in target competitions at the beginning of the season.   Özet Amaç: Performans sporlarında antrenman planlamasının amacı hedef yarışmada istenilen performansı yakalamaktır. İstenen performansın da majör yarışmada gerçekleştirilmesi periyodizasyonun ana konusudur. Fakat bu noktada hazırlıkların vitrini niteliğinde olacak sezonun en iyi derecesinin gerçekleşeceği öngörüsü antrenörler için antrenman bilim tarihi kadar eski bir sorudur. Çalışmanın amacı, uzun atlama branşında 2018 dünya listelerinde ilk yüz sırada yer alan kadın ve erkek sporcuların yarışma periyodundaki değişkenleri incelemek, cinsiyetlere göre karşılaştırmak, ilk iki performans ortalamasına göre sezonun en iyi ve ortalama performansları için tahmin modelleri oluşturmaktır. Metot: Çalışmada sporcuların yarışma verileri [yaş, bir sezondaki toplam gün sayısı (SGS), bir sezondaki toplam yarışma sayısı (TYS), sporcunun sezondaki en iyi derecesi (SB), SB performansının gerçekleştiği yarışma (SBY), sporcunun sezonun ilk iki yarışmasındaki performansının ortalaması (İ2PO), sezon en iyi derecesine göre; sezon ortalama (SORT), başlangıç (SBAŞ) ve bitiriş (SBİT) derecelerinin yüzde oranları] incelenmiştir. Parametreler arasındaki ilişkiler için pearson korelasyon (r) istatistiği, ilişkilerin belirleme katsayılarının (r2) bulunmasında polinom regresyonu, cinsiyete göre İ2PO’dan SB ve sezon ortalama performanslarının tahmin modellerinde karesel regresyon modeli kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: SBY, başlangıç, İ2PO, SB, SORT ve SBİT değişkenleri cinsiyetler arasında istatistiksel olarak farklı bulunmuştur. SBAŞ değerleriyle SB performansı arasında iki cinsiyet için anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur (kadınlar; r=0,68; p<0,001; erkekler, r=0,51; p<0,001). İ2PO; kadınlarda SB performansının %54’ünü, erkeklerde; %48’ini açıklayabilmektedir. Sonuç: Çalışmada bulunan İ2PO’na göre SB tahmin modeli, 2019 yılında dünya listelerinde yer alan erkek ve kadın sporculara uygulandığında, modelin SB performansını ortalama %1,15 farkla tahmin ettiği görülmüştür. Modellerin gerçek SB performansını yakın tahmin edebilmesine bağlı olarak; tahmin modellerinin antrenörlerin sezon başında sporcularının hedef yarışmalardaki performanslarını öngörebilmelerine olanak sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

scholarly journals Diferencias de sexo respecto de la ansiedad asociada a la competición deportiva (Gender differences in relation to anxiety associated with sports competitions)

Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Ponseti Verdaguer ◽  
Alexandre García Más ◽  
Jaume Cantallops Ramón ◽  
Josep Vidal Conti
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Competitive Sports ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Multidimensional Concept

El presente trabajo retoma y actualiza las relaciones entre sexo y ansiedad en los deportes de competición. Se analizan las relaciones existentes entre el sexo, la ansiedad competitiva y el tipo de deporte practicado. Se han estudiado 126 deportistas federados de ambos sexos (43 nadadores y 83 baloncestistas), con una edad media de 14.85 años (DE= 2.41), durante la temporada 2013-14, a los cuales se les administró la versión adaptada al español de la Escala de Ansiedad Competitiva (SAS-2). Los resultados muestran que existe un nivel mayor de ansiedad competitiva en las mujeres que en los varones, de forma similar a hallazgos anteriores, aunque los resultados también indican diferencias entre deportes individuales y colectivos, así como diferencias entre los valores de los tres componentes de la ansiedad competitiva: somática, promotora de desconcentración y de preocupación por el rendimiento. Así, las mujeres muestran una mayor preocupación por el rendimiento y ansiedad somática que los hombres. Finalmente, se discuten los resultados en función de otros hallazgos y del concepto multidimensional de la ansiedad competitiva.Abstract. The relationship between gender and anxiety in competitive sports has been taken up and updated by this research. In fact, we analyzed the relation between gender, anxiety, and sports modalities. The study sample was composed by 126 federated female and male athletes (43 swimmers and 83 basketball players), with a mean age of 14.85 years (SD=2.41), during the season 2013-14. Athletes were administered the Spanish adapted version of Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2). In line with previous findings, our results show that female athletes have higher competitive anxiety than their male colleagues. In addition, differences were found between individual and team sports, as well as comparing the values of the three components of competitive anxiety: somatic, lack of concentration, and concerns about performance. Women show greater concern about their performance, as well as higher somatic anxiety than men. Finally, the results are discussed and compared with other findings and with the multidimensional concept of competitive anxiety.

scholarly journals Somatotype of male and female judokas according to weight categories

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Roberto Roklicer ◽  
Dragan Atanasov ◽  
Filip Sadri ◽  
Dzenan Jahic ◽  
Danilo Bojanic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
National Level ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Method Analysis

SummaryStudy aim: The body structure can play a determining role in the achievement of top judo performance, and it seems to influence the type of techniques applied. The aim of this study is to determine the somatotypes in male and female national level judokas across weight categories in order to observe possible differences among athletes.Material and methods: A total of 61 male judokas (23.2 ± 2.7 years old) and 37 female judokas (22.3 ± 3.3 years old) participated in this study. Anthropometric variables were used to calculate somatotypes. Somatotypes were determined according to the Heath-Carter method. Analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test were used to determine differences between weight categories and obtained effect sizes (η2) were presented as well.Results: Somatotype differences among weight categories in male and female judokas were observed. Generally, all categories could be classified in three somatotypes in male and female athletes.Conclusions: The lightest categories were recognized as mesomorphic ectomorphs in females with an exception in the –48 kg category, and ectomorphic mesomorphs in male athletes. The middle ones had the endomorphic mesomorph somatotype and the heaviest athletes presented somewhat more extreme cases of endomorphic mesomorphs, both in male and female judokas. According to the results obtained, judokas have a specific body composition in different weight categories. Therefore, coaches could create a specific training programme for athletes who belong to different somatotypes.

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