scholarly journals A competition period evaluation in the long jump events in terms of seasonal Variables: Creating prediction models

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-341
Author(s):  
Berfin Serdil Ors ◽  
Işık Bayraktar
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competition Period

Aim: The purpose of training planning in performance sports is to achieve the desired performance in the target competition. Maintaining the desired performance in the major competition is the main subject of periodization. But at this point, the prediction of the season best, which will serve as a showcase for preparations, is a question as old as the history of training science for coaches. The aim of the study is to examine the variables in the competition period of female and male athletes participated in the top 100 places in the 2018 world lists in the long jump event, to compare by gender, and to create prediction models for the season best and season average performances (SPA) according to the average of first two performances (AF2P). Methods: Ages, total number of days in a season, the number of days between the competitions, total competitions, the number of competitions in which the season's best (SB) performance was achieved, the ratio of the SB to the total number of competitions, the percentages of the first, end, and average scores were analysed. Statistical comparison of female and male athletes was carried out using Independent Samples t-Test. To express the relationships between parameters Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were used. Besides, polynomial regression analysis was used. Finally, the quadratic equations were used to predict SB performance and SPA according to the AF2P. Findings: SB competition, season initial, AF2P, SB, SPA and season-end variables were found to be statistically different between genders. Season initial and SB showed significant relationships for both genders (women; r=0.68; p<0.001; men; r=0.51; p<0.001). AF2P explained 54% of the SB performance for women and 48% for men. Conclusion: The prediction model found in the current study to predict SB performance was applied to the male and female athletes from 2019 season. Models predicted the actual performance with an average of 1.15%. Depending on the close estimation of the actual SB performance of the models; It is thought that the prediction models will enable the trainers to predict the performance of their athletes in target competitions at the beginning of the season.   Özet Amaç: Performans sporlarında antrenman planlamasının amacı hedef yarışmada istenilen performansı yakalamaktır. İstenen performansın da majör yarışmada gerçekleştirilmesi periyodizasyonun ana konusudur. Fakat bu noktada hazırlıkların vitrini niteliğinde olacak sezonun en iyi derecesinin gerçekleşeceği öngörüsü antrenörler için antrenman bilim tarihi kadar eski bir sorudur. Çalışmanın amacı, uzun atlama branşında 2018 dünya listelerinde ilk yüz sırada yer alan kadın ve erkek sporcuların yarışma periyodundaki değişkenleri incelemek, cinsiyetlere göre karşılaştırmak, ilk iki performans ortalamasına göre sezonun en iyi ve ortalama performansları için tahmin modelleri oluşturmaktır. Metot: Çalışmada sporcuların yarışma verileri [yaş, bir sezondaki toplam gün sayısı (SGS), bir sezondaki toplam yarışma sayısı (TYS), sporcunun sezondaki en iyi derecesi (SB), SB performansının gerçekleştiği yarışma (SBY), sporcunun sezonun ilk iki yarışmasındaki performansının ortalaması (İ2PO), sezon en iyi derecesine göre; sezon ortalama (SORT), başlangıç (SBAŞ) ve bitiriş (SBİT) derecelerinin yüzde oranları] incelenmiştir. Parametreler arasındaki ilişkiler için pearson korelasyon (r) istatistiği, ilişkilerin belirleme katsayılarının (r2) bulunmasında polinom regresyonu, cinsiyete göre İ2PO’dan SB ve sezon ortalama performanslarının tahmin modellerinde karesel regresyon modeli kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: SBY, başlangıç, İ2PO, SB, SORT ve SBİT değişkenleri cinsiyetler arasında istatistiksel olarak farklı bulunmuştur. SBAŞ değerleriyle SB performansı arasında iki cinsiyet için anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur (kadınlar; r=0,68; p<0,001; erkekler, r=0,51; p<0,001). İ2PO; kadınlarda SB performansının %54’ünü, erkeklerde; %48’ini açıklayabilmektedir. Sonuç: Çalışmada bulunan İ2PO’na göre SB tahmin modeli, 2019 yılında dünya listelerinde yer alan erkek ve kadın sporculara uygulandığında, modelin SB performansını ortalama %1,15 farkla tahmin ettiği görülmüştür. Modellerin gerçek SB performansını yakın tahmin edebilmesine bağlı olarak; tahmin modellerinin antrenörlerin sezon başında sporcularının hedef yarışmalardaki performanslarını öngörebilmelerine olanak sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

A Competition Period Evaluation Concerning Seasonal Variables of Elite Track and Field Athletes in Vertical Jumping Events: A Different Insight for Coaching Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Berfin Serdil Örs ◽  
Işık Bayraktar
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Coaching Education ◽  
Education Material ◽  
Vertical Jumping ◽  
Pole Vault

Aim of this study was to determine variables of elite athletes’ competition seasons in vertical jumping events and to determine relationships between these variables. Also, to constitute prediction models of season best (SB) and season performance average based on season first performance to offer a new insight for coaching education. Research group consisted of male and female elite athletes who ranked in the top 100 in high jump (HJ) and pole vault (PV), during 2018 season. Athletes’ competition information was reached from 2018 world rankings. Ages, total number of days in season, days between competitions, total number of competitions, number of competitions that season’s best score was performed, ratio of SB to total number of competitions, percentages of first, end, average scores were calculated. Statistical comparison of gender groups was analyzed using Independent Samples t-Test. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to express relationships. Polynomial regression analysis was used to find coefficients of determination for relationships. Quadratic equations were calculated to predictive SB performance and season average performances according average of first two performances by gender/events. In PV, there were differences between genders for season first, end, and average percentages calculated according to SB (p < 0.05). Strong relationships were determined between season average and season first performances in female athletes. Predicted models created according to season first performance may be considered as early evaluations for coaches. Coach can use these prediction models as a new and different education material for their training plans. By doing so, in case of calculating a prediction far away from the coach’s aim it is possible that coach can take necessary measures at the beginning of season.

Comparative Responses to Squats Completed with Free Weights and an Exoskeleton

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Peter Neuhaus ◽  
Chris Jumonville ◽  
Rachel A. Perry ◽  
Roman Edwards ◽  
Jake L. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Actual Data ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Comparative Similarity ◽  
Insufficient Amount ◽  
Force Data ◽  
Familiarization Session

AbstractTo assess the comparative similarity of squat data collected as they wore a robotic exoskeleton, female athletes (n=14) did two exercise bouts spaced 14 days apart. Data from their exoskeleton workout was compared to a session they did with free weights. Each squat workout entailed a four-set, four-repetition paradigm with 60-second rest periods. Sets for each workout involved progressively heavier (22.5, 34, 45.5, 57 kg) loads. The same physiological, perceptual, and exercise performance dependent variables were measured and collected from both workouts. Per dependent variable, Pearson correlation coefficients, t-tests, and Cohen's d effect size compared the degree of similarity between values obtained from the exoskeleton and free weight workouts. Results show peak O2, heart rate, and peak force data produced the least variability. In contrast, far more inter-workout variability was noted for peak velocity, peak power, and electromyography (EMG) values. Overall, an insufficient amount of comparative similarity exists for data collected from both workouts. Due to the limited data similarity, the exoskeleton does not exhibit an acceptable degree of validity. Likely the cause for the limited similarity was due to the brief amount of familiarization subjects had to the exoskeleton prior to actual data collection. A familiarization session that accustomed subjects to squats done with the exoskeleton prior to actual data collection may have considerably improved the validity of data obtained from that device.

scholarly journals Aligning Pixel Values of DMSP and VIIRS Nighttime Light Images to Evaluate Urban Dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Wu ◽  
Xiaonan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Robust Regression ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Nighttime Light

The brightness of pixels in nighttime light images (NTL) has been regarded as the proxy of the urban dynamics. However, the great difference between the pixel values of NTL from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) and the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite’s Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (Suomi NPP/VIIRS) poses obstacles to analyze economic and social development with NTL in a continuous temporal sequence. This research proposes a methodology to align the pixel values of both NTL by calibrating annual DMSP images between the years 1992–2013 with a robust regression algorithm with a quadratic polynomial regression model and simulating annual DMSP images with VIIRS images between years 2012 and 2018 with a model consisting of a power function and a Gaussian low pass filter. As a result, DMSP annual images between years 1992–2018 can be produced. Case study of Beijing and Yiwu are conducted and evaluated with local gross domestic product (GDP). Compared with the values of DMSP and VIIRS annual composites, the Pearson correlation coefficients of DMSP and simulated DMSP annual composites in 2012 and in 2013 increase significantly, while the root mean square error (RMSE) decrease evidently. In addition, the correlation of the sum of light of NTL and local GDP is enhanced with a simulation process. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method in narrowing the gap between DMSP and VIIRS NTL in pixel values.

The Outcomes of Two Knee Scoring Questionnaires in a Normal Population

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Demirdjian ◽  
Scott G. Petrie ◽  
Carlos A. Guanche ◽  
Kevin A. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Subjects

The Noyes and Lysholm knee scoring questionnaires, commonly used for follow-up assessment after knee surgery, were developed based on knees with preexisting pathologic changes and have not been standardized to normal knees. We administered both questionnaires to normal subjects. Any subject reporting a history of injury or surgery to either knee, or preexisting knee pathologic changes, was excluded. From a total of 492 knees evaluated, 418 knees (253 male, 165 female) qualified for statistical analysis. The average age of the group was 17.6 years (range, 13 to 25). For male subjects, the total Noyes and Lysholm scores averaged 99.10 (range, 68 to 100) and 99.10 (range, 77 to 100), respectively. For female subjects, the average Noyes and Lysholm scores were 97.82 (range, 72 to 100) and 97.16 (range, 75 to 100), respectively. The 95% confidence interval computed for each of these groups did not contain the maximal value of 100. The female athletes reported significantly lower total scores than the male athletes on both questionnaires. For the Lysholm questionnaire, the male athletes scored significantly lower than the maximum in all categories except support and stair climbing, and the female athletes scored significantly lower than the maximum in all categories except limp and thigh atrophy. The range of scores found in this highly selected, “normal” population exemplifies the need for more accurate instruments in the evaluation of knee surgical outcomes.

Low Bone Mineral Density in Male Athletes Is Associated With Bone Stress Injuries at Anatomic Sites With Greater Trabecular Composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam S. Tenforde ◽  
Allyson L. Parziale ◽  
Kristin L. Popp ◽  
Kathryn E. Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
Bone Health ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Bone Stress ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sport Type ◽  
History Of

Background: While sports participation is often associated with health benefits, a subset of athletes may develop impaired bone health. Bone stress injuries (BSIs) are a common overuse injury in athletes; site of injury has been shown to relate to underlying bone health in female athletes. Hypothesis/Purpose: This case series characterizes the association of type of sports participation and anatomic site of BSIs with low bone mineral density (BMD), defined as BMD Z-score <–1.0. Similar to female athletes, it was hypothesized that male athletes who participate in running and sustain BSIs in sites of higher trabecular bone content would be more likely to have low BMD. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Chart review identified 28 male athletes aged 14 to 36 years with history of ≥1 lower-extremity BSI who were referred for evaluation of overall bone health, including assessment of lumbar spine, hip, and/or total body less head BMD per dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. BMD Z-scores were determined via age, sex, and ethnicity normative values. Prior BSIs were classified by anatomic site of injury into trabecular-rich locations (pelvis, femoral neck, and calcaneus) and cortical-rich locations (tibia, fibula, femur, metatarsal and tarsal navicular). Sport type and laboratory values were also assessed in relationship to BMD. The association of low BMD to anatomic site of BSI and sport were evaluated with P value <.05 as threshold of significance. Results: Of 28 athletes, 12 (43%) met criteria for low BMD. Athletes with a history of trabecular-rich BSIs had a 4.6-fold increased risk for low BMD as compared with those with only cortical-rich BSIs (9 of 11 vs 3 of 17, P = .002). Within sport type, runners had a 6.1-fold increased risk for low BMD versus nonrunners (11 of 18 vs 1 of 10, P = .016). Laboratory values, including 25-hydroxy vitamin D, were not associated with BMD or BSI location. Conclusion: Low BMD was identified in 43% of male athletes in this series. Athletes participating in sports of running and with a history of trabecular-rich BSI were at increased risk for low BMD.

scholarly journals An Intelligent System to Improve Athlete Depression and Eating Disorder using Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuannuo Chen ◽  
Yu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Big Data Analysis ◽  
Figure Skating ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Rapid Rotation ◽  
History Of

The inspiration for the creation of this app stemmed from the deeply rooted history of eating disorders in sports, particularly in sports that emphasize appearance and muscularity which often includes gymnastics, figure skating, dance, and diving [1]. All three sports require rapid rotation in the air which automatically results in the necessity of a more stringent weight requirement. Eating disorders can also be aggravated by sports who focus on individual performances rather than team-oriented like basketball or soccer [5]. According to research, up to thirteen percent of all athletes have, or are currently suffering from a form of eating disorder such as anorexia [2] and bulimia [3]. In the National Collegiate Athletic Association, it is estimated that up to sixteen percent of male athletes and forty-five percent of female athletes have been diagnosed with an eating disorder.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF COMPETITION ANXIETY ON ATHLETES SPORTS PERFORMANCE: IMPLICATION FOR COACH

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1460-1464
Author(s):  
Noor Muhammad Marwat ◽  
Syed Zia ul Islam ◽  
Muhammad Safdar Luqman ◽  
Mehwish Manzoor ◽  
Irfanullah
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Psychology Programs ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of competition anxiety upon sports performance of elite athletes who took part in the “31st National Games held in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa’s (KP), Pakistan. Methodology: One hundred and twenty-eight (N=128) males= 88, females= 40; Age 21.9 +/-1.5 years; Sports Experience, 8.9 +/-1.7 years) provided the required information on 15-items Sports Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT). The history of sports performance of athletes was obtained during breaks within competitive fixtures. Main Findings: The analyzed data revealed that competitive anxiety is responsible for 38% change in sports performance. Furthermore, the relationship is moderate negative identifying that an increase in competitive anxiety decreases the sports performance of athletes (r=-0.386, P=.002). Additionally, comparative analyses indicated that female athletes and athletes from individual sports showed higher levels of Competition Anxiety, while male athletes and athletes with team sport reported lower levels of Competition Anxiety (P <.005). Implications of the study: This gender impact is critical and significant showing decisive implications for the coaches and trainers. These findings were explored in light of the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for designing sport psychology programs in Pakistan for athletes from various contexts. Novelty: The findings indicate that competitive trait anxiety can harm the success, and indicate that certain PL athletes can benefit from therapies that seek to decrease anxiety before and during competition.

Assessment of Motor Capacity in the Competition Period – Female Sports Games (Soccer and Rugby Sevens)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Liliana-Elisabeta Radu ◽  
Grigore Ursanu ◽  
Veronica Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Female Sports ◽  
Competition Period ◽  
Soccer Team ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Rugby Players

Abstract In the rugby and soccer sevens, players need special motor capacities, such as aerobic and anaerobic resistance, proper force in the muscles that work during game actions, as well as speed and agility. The purpose of the papers was to assess the motor capacity in the competition period, among female athletes who practice team sports. The study comprised 26 subjects, 12 of whom activate in the female rugby team of CS Politehnica Iasi, and 14 of whom belong to the soccer team of Naviobi Iasi. Both teams are champions in their leagues. We applied the following tests: 250m run, long jump without take-off, throwing the 2kg medicine ball, 30second abdominals, and 5m back and forth run. The data obtained were interpreted in SPSS 20.0 for IBM, by applying the t test for independent samples. Results have shown a significant difference (p<0.05). Significant differences were found only for the test that measured the force of abdominal muscles for which the female rugby players scored significantly higher than the rest. In all the other tests, the mean results were similar or very close. We found that the motor experience within the game influenced the results obtained, just like general physical training; they are both important for supporting the specific effort. The tests we applied mid-competition period.

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of a New Test of Agility and Skill for Female Amateur Soccer Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Kutlu ◽  
Hakan Yapici ◽  
Abdullah Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Skill Test ◽  
Typical Error ◽  
Error Coefficient

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the Agility and Skill Test, which had been recently developed to assess agility and skill in female athletes. Following a 10 min warm-up, two trials to test the reliability and validity of the test were conducted one week apart. Measurements were collected to compare soccer players’ physical performance in a 20 m sprint, a T-Drill test, the Illinois Agility Run Test, change-of-direction and acceleration, as well as agility and skill. All tests were completed following the same order. Thirty-four amateur female soccer players were recruited (age = 20.8 ± 1.9 years; body height = 166 ± 6.9 cm; body mass = 55.5 ± 5.8 kg). To determine the reliability and usefulness of these tests, paired sample t-tests, intra-class correlation coefficients, typical error, coefficient of variation, and differences between the typical error and smallest worthwhile change statistics were computed. Test results showed no significant differences between the two sessions (p > 0.01). There were higher intra-class correlations between the test and retest values (r = 0.94–0.99) for all tests. Typical error values were below the smallest worthwhile change, indicating ‘good’ usefulness for these tests. A near perfect Pearson correlation between the Agility and Skill Test (r = 0.98) was found, and there were moderate-to-large levels of correlation between the Agility and Skill Test and other measures (r = 0.37 to r = 0.56). The results of this study suggest that the Agility and Skill Test is a reliable and valid test for female soccer players and has significant value for assessing the integrative agility and skill capability of soccer players.

scholarly journals Indonesian Women’s Rowing from 1986 to 2018: A historical, Social, and Cultural Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dede Rohmat Nurjaya ◽  
Amung Ma’mun ◽  
Agus Rusdiana
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
International Level ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
The Public ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Participation ◽  
Depth Interviews

In 1954, the International Federation of Societes d'Aviron (FISA) organized the first European women's rowing championship in Macon, France. Female rowing athletes around the world had actively participated for years, competing not only in local and national competitions, but also in international level. Apart from the historical evidence that women could indeed compete at the international level, the FISA delegation found it more appropriate to limit women's international participation by shortening the distance of women's competitions to half of male athletes and limiting the number and the type of race. Although women's international athletes were limited, the introduction of women's races at European championships created opportunities for female athletes to show their abilities to the public while challenging social and historical discourse about Indonesian women's participation in rowing. Eversince this first race, female athletes and coaches had a desire to achieve gender equality in sports that are usually associated with men and masculinity. In 2003, their efforts culminated with the acceptance of women at European Championships, World Championships, and the Olympics, the change in the distance of women's rowing from 1,000 meters to 2,000 meters, and the introduction of women's lightweight class at World Championships and the Olympics. This study examined the complex negotiations that had taken place since 1986 when Indonesian women's first rowing participated in the 1986 Asian Games until 2018 through collecting data from archival material and in-depth interviews, with current and previous athletes and coaches, to document and to examine the history of Indonesian women's involvement in rowing sports between 1987 and 2018.

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