scholarly journals Morphological characterization of dermal denticles of the Broadnose Sevengill Shark Notorynchus cepedianus (Elasmobranchii: Hexanchidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keny Kanagusuku ◽  
Pablo Dufflocq ◽  
Angie Sánchez-Rea ◽  
Ana A Huamantinco ◽  
Sergio Ramírez-Amaro
Keyword(s):  
Life Stage ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Crown Shape ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Measured Length ◽  
The Individual

Shark skin is covered by small structures called dermal denticles whose functions are diverse, such as protection, bioluminescence, hydrodynamics, among other functions. These structures have a great variety of shapes and sizes, which can be a useful approach for specimen identification as diagnostic characters between species. The present study aims to describe the dermal denticles morphology of the broadnose seven-gill shark Notorynchus cepedianus, evaluating differences among life-stage (neonate, juvenile and adult), sex and body region (dorsal and ventral). For achieving it, 39 specimens were collected at six landing points along the Peruvian coast. The dermal denticles from two body regions(dorsal and ventral) were photographed, measured (length, width, angle and density), and described using a stereoscope. Dermal denticles measures showed significant morphological differences between body regions as well as stages of development, but not between sexes. The differences are: (1) Crown shape: as the individual grows, it can be seen that the cross shape is losing, (2) Crown cusps: cusps length varied according to the stage of each individual, it was also observed that the lateral cusps are larger in dorsal than ventral region, and (3) Union peduncle - crown: adult specimens and both body regions, the observed union was very dimly and it did not have a defined shape. On the whole, these reported variations in measured traits could be useful as diagnostic characters to identify the stage of development at which the landed and marketed specimens are found.

scholarly journals Particularities of Orthodontic Treatment in Patients with Dental Anomalies that Need Orthodontic - Restorative Therapeutic Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 3046-3049
Author(s):  
Loredana Golovcencu ◽  
Cristian Romanec ◽  
Maria Alexandra Martu ◽  
Daniela Anistoroaiei ◽  
Mariana Pacurar
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Dental Abnormalities ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
Dental Aesthetics ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
The Individual

Orthodontics is a specialty of dental medicine that discovers and treat dento - maxillary abnormalities (or lack of teeth alignment - malocclusions - unsightly dental rotation, lack of congruence of the two dental arches) solving both aesthetic and functional problems ;contributes to improving dental and facial aesthetics, and implicitly to improving psychological well-being, self-esteem and quality of life. Orthodontic treatment is a support for multidisciplinary approach with other dental specialties in order to obtain facial and dental aesthetics; seeks to improve the appearance of smile and occlusion (bite) so that the teeth can bear without trauma the daily forces sore from the time of mastication; has the potential to eliminate future dental problems, including abnormal teeth wear. Dento-maxillary abnormalities synthesize current concepts of normal occlusion and explain the mechanisms by which dento-maxillary abnormalities occur, the morphological differences that allow classification and how they can affect the individual�s appearance. The study includes a wider group of pediatric patients aged between 7 and 11 years, growing showing a diverse pathology, periodontal dental trauma, dental abnormalities, which may require the prosthesis. It can be argued that in most chromosomal syndromes, oro-facial abnormalities are major symptoms as pathognomonic value for clinical diagnosis; involvement of other body regions in these syndromes are frequently nonspecific and common to several syndromes.The great variability of their treatment measures used in dental abnormalities requires knowledge of their causal factors, as well as their mechanism of action and production.

A new species of Contomastix (Squamata, Teiidae) supported by total evidence, with remarks on diagnostic characters defining the genus

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Mario. R. Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Proximal Margin ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Molecular Characters

Formerly Cnemidophorus was thought to be the most speciose genus of Teiidae. This genus comprised four morphological groups that were later defined as four different genera, Ameivula, Aurivela, Cnemidophorus and Contomastix. The last appears as paraphyletic in a recent phylogenetic reconstruction based on morphology, but monophyletic in a reconstruction using molecular characters. Six species are allocated to Contomastix. One of them, C. lacertoides, having an extensive and disjunct geographic distribution in Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. Preliminary analyses revealed morphological differences among its populations, suggesting that it is actually a complex of species. Here, we describe a new species corresponding to the Argentinian populations hitherto regarded as C. lacertoides, by integrating morphological and molecular evidence. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the presence of notched proximal margin of the tongue is a character that defines the genus Contomastix.

Where the Millennials Will Take Us

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Risman
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Structure Theory ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Gender Categories ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Research ◽  
Fourth Wave

In this book Barbara J. Risman uses her gender structure theory to tackle the question about whether today’s young people, Millennials, are pushing forward the gender revolution or backing away from it. In the first part of the book, Risman revises her theoretical argument to differentiate more clearly between culture and material aspects of each level of gender as a social structure. She then uses previous research to explain that today’s young people spend years in a new life stage where they are emerging as adults. The new research presented here offers a typology of how today’s young people wrestle with gender during the years of emerging adulthood. How do they experience gender at the individual level? What are the expectations they face because of their sex? What are their ideological beliefs and organizational constraints based on their gender category? Risman suggests there is great variety within this generation. She identifies four strategies used by young people: true believers in gender difference, innovators who want to push boundaries in feminist directions, straddlers who are simply confused, and rebels who sometimes identify as genderqueer and reject gender categories all together. The final chapter offers a utopian vision that would ease the struggles of all these groups, a fourth wave of feminism that rejects the gender structure itself. Risman envisions a world where the sex ascribed at birth matters has few consequences beyond reproduction.

scholarly journals Heat dissipation in subterranean rodents: the role of body region and social organisation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
František Vejmělka ◽  
Jan Okrouhlík ◽  
Matěj Lövy ◽  
Gabriel Šaffa ◽  
Eviatar Nevo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Subterranean Rodents ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Social Species ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Body Heat ◽  
Solitary Species

AbstractThe relatively warm and very humid environment of burrows presents a challenge for thermoregulation of its mammalian inhabitants. It was found that African mole-rats dissipate body heat mainly through their venter, and social mole-rats dissipate more body heat compared to solitary species at lower temperatures. In addition, the pattern of the ventral surface temperature was suggested to be homogeneous in social mole-rats compared to a heterogeneous pattern in solitary mole-rats. To investigate this for subterranean rodents generally, we measured the surface temperatures of seven species with different degrees of sociality, phylogeny, and climate using infrared thermography. In all species, heat dissipation occurred mainly through the venter and the feet. Whereas the feet dissipated body heat at higher ambient temperatures and conserved it at lower ambient temperatures, the ventral surface temperature was relatively high in all temperatures indicating that heat dissipation to the environment through this body region is regulated mainly by behavioural means. Solitary species dissipated less heat through their dorsum than social species, and a tendency for this pattern was observed for the venter. The pattern of heterogeneity of surface temperature through the venter was not related to sociality of the various species. Our results demonstrate a general pattern of body heat exchange through the three studied body regions in subterranean rodents. Besides, isolated individuals of social species are less able to defend themselves against low ambient temperatures, which may handicap them if staying alone for a longer period, such as during and after dispersal events.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal disorders among rice farmers in Phimai District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-503
Author(s):  
Ekarat Sombatsawat ◽  
Titaporn Luangwilai ◽  
Parichat Ong-artborirak ◽  
Wattasit Siriwong
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Body Regions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and determine factors influencing MSDs among rice farmers. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study was carried out among 156 rice farmers from 14 villages in Tarnlalord sub-district, Phimai district, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand, from February 2017 to March 2017. Face-to-face interviews, including demographics, work characteristics and musculoskeletal pain, were conducted using a modified standardized Nordic questionnaire. Findings The results revealed that both 78 males and 78 females participated in the study to which the average of age and body mass index (BMI) was 45.5±11.4 years and 24.9±4.0 kg/m2, respectively. All rice farmers reported MSDs in at least one body region during the six months preceding the interview. The highest prevalence of MSDs showed 86.5 percent in the lower back area, followed by 85.9 percent in the neck, and 80.7 percent in the shoulders. The analysis of binary logistic regression and Spearman’s rank correlation showed that factors such as gender, age, BMI, work experience and farm size influence MSDs’ occurrence, and pain severity in one or more body regions (p < 0.05). Originality/value Musculoskeletal injuries are a significant health problem in rice farmers. The study indicated that appropriate agricultural practices such as working posture, equipment size selection and carrying loads should be recommended to prevent MSDs. Thus, the occupational health and safety services in agricultural workers are needed.

Between- and within-breed morphological variability in Moroccan sheep breeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Boujenane ◽  
D. Petit
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
High Association ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Morphological Differences

SummaryThe objective of this study was a morphological characterization of five Moroccan sheep breeds (Béni Guil, Boujaâd, D'man, Sardi and Timahdite) to assess between- and within-breed variability using multivariate analyses. Fourteen morphological measurements were collected on 876 adult animals of both sexes in 98 different flocks located in 22 geographic localities of five breeds. The multiple analysis of variance revealed that significant morphological differences existed between breeds. The overall proportion of total variance due to between-breed component was 28.3 percent. The factor analysis revealed three factors accounting for 50.1, 11.8 and 7.54 percent of total variance. The first factor had high loadings for variables relating to body size, whilst the second factor had high association with traits reflecting tail length and ear size. The third factor had high loadings for wool trait. The squared Mahalanobis distance between the five sheep breeds were highly significant (P&lt; 0.001). The largest morphological divergence was shown between Béni Guil and Sardi breeds (23.5) and the smallest one was between Boujaâd and Sardi breeds (3.54). The discriminant functions clearly discriminated and assigned 94.4 percent of Béni Guil, 79.7 of Boujaâd, 88.5 percent of D'man, 86.7 of Sardi and 80.1 percent of Timahdite sheep into their breed of origin. Overall morphological differences observed within-breeds were due for 18.1 percent to geographic locality and for 20.7 percent to flock management. It was concluded that the information reported in this study will be the basis for the establishment of characterization and selection strategies for Moroccan sheep.

scholarly journals Discovering the forbidden Raman modes at the edges of layered materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. eaau6252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Guo ◽  
Weixuan Zhang ◽  
Hanchun Wu ◽  
Junfeng Han ◽  
Yongliang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Layered Materials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Edge Type ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Raman Modes ◽  
Raman Study

The edges of layered materials have unique properties that substantially differ from the body regions. In this work, we perform a systematic Raman study of the edges of various layered materials (MoS2, WS2, WSe2, PtS2, and black phosphorus). The Raman spectra of the edges feature newly observed forbidden Raman modes, which are originally undetectable from the body region. By selecting the edge type and the polarization directions of the incident and scattered light, all forbidden Raman modes are distinctly detected. Optical simulations show that the edges of layered materials drastically distort the electromagnetic fields of both the incident and scattered light, so that the light interacts with the edges in a distinct way, which differs from its interactions with the body regions.

scholarly journals Characterization of Coolia spp. (Gonyaucales, Dinophyceae) from Southern Tunisia: first record of Coolia malayensis in the Mediterranean Sea

ALGAE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-193
Author(s):  
Moufida Abdennadher ◽  
Amel Bellaaj Zouari ◽  
Walid Medhioub ◽  
Antonella Penna ◽  
Asma Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
First Record ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Morphological Differences

This study provides the first report of the presence of Coolia malayensis in the Mediterranean Sea, co-occurring with C. monotis. Isolated strains from the Gulf of Gabès, Tunisia (South-eastern Mediterranean) were identified by morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis. Examination by light and scanning electron microscopy revealed no significant morphological differences between the Tunisian isolates and other geographically distant strains of C. monotis and C. malayensis. Phylogenetic trees based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and D1‒D3/28S rDNA sequences showed that C. monotis strains clustered with others from the Mediterranean and Atlantic whereas the C. malayensis isolate branched with isolates from the Pacific and the Atlantic, therefore revealing no geographical trend among C. monotis and C. malayensis populations. Ultrastructural analyses by transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of numerous vesicles containing spirally coiled fibers in both C. malayensis and C. monotis cells, which we speculate to be involved in mucus production.

scholarly journals Seasonal changes of biological condition and reproductive cycle of hampback shrimp Pandalus hypsinotus (Caridea, Pandalidae) in the Tatar Strait

2021 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-560
Author(s):  
D. N. Yuriev ◽  
G. V. Zhukovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Biological Condition ◽  
Tatar Strait ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Trawl Catches

Research and commercial trawl catches of humpback shrimp Pandalus hypsinotus from the Tatar Strait (Japan Sea) in 2004–2020 were investigated, with bioanalysis of about 45 thousand specimens. Average timing of group molting, spawning, and eggs laying are determined, terms of gonads and eggs development are estimated. Prespawning and molting of the females occur between January-April, with the peaks in early February and middle February, respectively. All oviparous females have 30–40 days to lay eggs, and molt during 50–55 days; the peak of the eggs laying occurs in late June. The males molt in July-August, afterwards the largest individuals change gender and new intersexes are formed. The males have the second molting in October-December, with the peak in late November. In January, after finish of the males molting, a new annual reproduction cycle starts from the prespawning molting of females. Both vitellogenesis and embryogenesis are observed through the year, though females with developing gonads prevail from August to January (because of a long time span between winter and summer moltings while the egg carrying continued 15 months) but oviparous females — from February to July. The individual reproductive cycle of Pandalus hypsinotus in the Tatar Strait lasts 24 months, with 9 months of vitellogenesis (quick growth of gonads) and 15 months of embryogenesis. During the 2-year reproductive cycle, most of females pass through the following stages: i) gonads development (just after eggs laying) when almost all oviparous females (up to 95 % in May) have green gonads under carapace that corresponds to the stage of development «eggs laid — gonads weakly developed»; ii) summer molting from August when females lose hairs on pleopods and the gonads growth accelerates; iii) respawning in January-March (together with the firstly spawning intersexes, with slight delay of the latter); iv) initial developing of eggs during summer; v) stage of «eyed eggs» from December to March; and vi) eggs laying and molting from late March to late May; then the 2-year reproductive cycle repeats.

TETROPIUM PARVULUM ELEVATED TO SPECIES RANK AND CONTRASTED TO T. CINNAMOPTERUM IN MORPHOLOGY AND HOST PREFERENCE (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Raske
Keyword(s):  
Host Preference ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Morphological Differences

AbstractThe morphological differences in the larva and the adult of Tetropium parvulum Casey and T. cinnamopterum Kirby are reported. Diagnostic characters are the urogomphi of the larva. The shape of the eye, scutellum, and genitalic structures and the number of punctures on the pronotum distinguish the adult. The genitalia are also compared with a third species, T. velutinum. Larvae of T. cinnamopterum have been recorded from a number of conifers, while T. parvulum larvae have only been recorded from spruce.A lectotype is designated for T. cinnamopterum. Examination of type specimens confirmed that T. alaskanum Fall is a synonym of T. parvulum and that T. schwarzianum Casey and T. parallelum are close to T. cinnamopterum. A key is given to distinguish T. parvulum from T. cinnamopterum.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document