A Rating Formula for Fine Pitch Boundary Lubricated Gears

1971 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-286
Author(s):  
T. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Surface Loading ◽  
Transmit Power ◽  
Fine Pitch ◽  
Instrument Engineer

For the Instrument Engineer involved in the design of mechanisms that transmit power under boundary lubricated conditions, little information is available on which to base fine pitch gear load capacity and life. This paper discusses a gear test program and the development of a rating formula for the surface loading of these gears, and in particular those made from stainless steel and aluminum and stocked by precision gear manufacturers.

Precision and bias in quantitative EDS: ASTM results

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1654-1655
Author(s):  
John J. Friel
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Alloy ◽  
Dead Time ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Round Robin Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
American Society ◽  
Takeoff Angle ◽  
Standardless Analysis

Committee E-04 on Metallography of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) conducted an interlaboratory round robin test program on quantitative energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The test program was designed to produce data on which to base a precision and bias statement for quantitative analysis by EDS. Nine laboratories were sent specimens of two well characterized materials, a type 308 stainless steel, and a complex mechanical alloy from Inco Alloys International, Inconel® MA 6000. The stainless steel was chosen as an example of a straightforward analysis with no special problems. The mechanical alloy was selected because elements were present in a wide range of concentrations; K, L, and M lines were involved; and Ta was severely overlapped with W. The test aimed to establish limits of precision that could be routinely achieved by capable laboratories operating under real world conditions. The participants were first allowed to use their own best procedures, but later were instructed to repeat the analysis using specified conditions: 20 kV accelerating voltage, 200s live time, ∼25% dead time and ∼40° takeoff angle. They were also asked to run a standardless analysis.

Asymmetric Postbuckling Behavior of Hemispherical Shell Structure Under Axial Compression

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshuai Wang ◽  
Shuhui Li ◽  
Ji He ◽  
Yixi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Axial Compression ◽  
Shell Structure ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Plastic Hinge ◽  
Shell Structures ◽  
Postbuckling Behavior ◽  
Asymmetric Deformation ◽  
Deformation Stage ◽  
Hemispherical Shell

In real physical experiments, three typical deformation stages including elastic deformation stage, symmetric deformation stage, and asymmetric deformation stage appear step by step when the stainless steel hemispherical shell structure is under axial compression loading. During the asymmetric deformation stage, the rolling-plastic-hinge-radius which characterizes the size of the deformation area evolves along the circumferential direction with the compressive displacement. For the hemispherical shell structures with apparent asymmetric deformation stage, the double-buckling phenomenon of the structures in experiments can be clearly detected. The traditional theoretical analysis based on the assumption with circumferentially constant rolling-plastic-hinge-radius is not suitable to predict this phenomenon. For these hemispherical shell structures, load capacity and absorbed energy predicted by the traditional analysis are usually higher than experimental results in the asymmetric deformation stage. In this paper, a new description based on experimental observation for the evolution of rolling-plastic-hinge-radius has been proposed. Minimum energy principle was employed to obtain the postbuckling behavior. The energy evolution of different buckling stages during compression loading is investigated to evaluate the structure load capacity. Stainless steel hemispherical specimens with different sizes are tested under axial compression between two rigid plates to verify the theoretical modification. Good agreement is achieved between proposed model and experimental results. The theoretical model proposed in this paper can be used in prediction of postbuckling behavior for different deformation patterns in the asymmetric deformation stage. It also provides higher flexibility and efficiency for the postbuckling behavior prediction of hemispherical shell structures.

Collaboration solves long standing corrosion problem

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
M. Brameld ◽  
S. Thomas ◽  
G. S. Malab
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Corrosion Reaction ◽  
Impervious Layer ◽  
Steel Equipment ◽  
Corrosion Problem ◽  
External Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Pits

External pitting corrosion has been a long standing issue for stainless steel pressure equipment systems on Woodside offshore facilities. Experience has shown that this pitting cannot be effectively managed by inspection and, as a result, the current policy is that piping replacement should be planned once the presence of significant pitting corrosion has been identified. All Woodside offshore facilities have 316-grade stainless steel pressure equipment which is experiencing active external corrosion pitting to varying degrees. This represents the potential for hundreds of millions of dollars in piping replacement across the company. STOPAQ is an established product for the mitigation of external corrosion in carbon steel equipment however, it has not previously been used at Woodside on stainless steel equipment to address pitting corrosion. Through collaboration with the Woodside Future Laboratory at Monash University, Materials and Corrosion Engineering, Woodside Energy Limited has challenged the old established theory regarding the mechanism of pitting in stainless steel and a test program has been devised to validate the new way of thinking, which postulates that elimination of moisture and oxygen from the pits, by the application of an impervious layer like STOPAQ, will stifle the corrosion reaction and arrest the pitting. A recently completed test program at Monash which utilised computed tomography (CT) scanning, to very accurately determine the volume of corrosion pits, has confirmed that the application of STOPAQ to pitted stainless steel is very effective at mitigating this type of corrosion.

A Study of the Reproducibility and Diversity of the Supply Chain in Manufacturing Hot Isostatically Pressed Type 316L Stainless Steel Components for the Civil Nuclear Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Kyffin ◽  
David Gandy ◽  
Barry Burdett
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Hold Time ◽  
Process Window ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) of type 316 L stainless steel powder has been an established manufacturing practice for more than 25 years in the oil and gas sector and more recently in the naval defense sector. To demonstrate the capability of the powder metallurgy HIP (PM/HIP) for nuclear power applications, a systematic study of 316 L commercial powder production, encapsulation/consolidation providers, and selected HIP parameters was undertaken by the Nuclear AMRC in collaboration with the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). In this study, the 316 L powder specification limited the oxygen content of the powder to under 130 parts per million (ppm), which reflects the improvements that commercial powder suppliers have been making over the past decade to ensure greater powder cleanliness. The test program assessed powder supply, HIP service provider, and HIP sustain time. Excellent test results were achieved across the full range of variables studied with all billets meeting the specification requirements of ASTM A988 and additional requirements imposed based on nuclear manufacturing standards. Significantly, the study demonstrated the robustness of the PM/HIP supply chain, as material produced via differing HIP service providers resulted in very consistent material properties across the destructive test program. Furthermore, no significant difference in material properties was noted for material HIP between 2 and 8 h hold time, suggesting that the HIP process window is large. Both these results are significant from an end-user standpoint as they highlight the uniformity of the process through the full manufacturing cycle from powder procurement to destructive testing. Despite all material passing specification requirements, some property variation was noted for differing powder suppliers. Considering the systematic approach, this was attributed to powder composition, with both low oxygen and high nitrogen contents contributing to improvements in Charpy impact strength and tensile strength, respectively.

The Inelastic Deformation of Pressurized Stainless Steel Tubes Under Dynamic Bending and Torsional Loading

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Larson ◽  
W. F. Stokey
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Inelastic Deformation ◽  
Beam Model ◽  
Response Behavior ◽  
Torsional Loading ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Steel Tubes ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Dynamic Bending

A test program was conducted to investigate the inelastic response behavior of internally pressurized tubes subjected to dynamic bending and torsion loads. The basic experiment was a drop test in which the cantilever tube was dynamically loaded by a torque arm with a concentrated weight at the end. The experimental data consist of strain versus time records and peak and permanent deflections. Analytical predictions of the response were made using a lumped parameter beam model of the structure. This simple representation of the pressurized tube is made possible by use of an approximate analytical model for the inelastic deformation of a pipe element subjected to pressure, bending and torsion. The predicted responses are compared with measured responses to assess the accuracy of the models.

scholarly journals Compliant Foil Journal Bearing Performance at Alternate Pressures and Temperatures

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Bruckner ◽  
Bernadette J. Puleo
Keyword(s):  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Foil Bearings ◽  
Current Test ◽  
Foil Bearing ◽  
Development Risk ◽  
Highly Loaded

An experimental test program has been conducted to determine the highly loaded performance of current generation gas foil bearings at alternate pressures and temperature. Typically foil bearing performance has been reported at temperatures relevant to turbomachinery applications but only at an ambient pressure of one atmosphere. This dearth of data at alternate pressures has motivated the current test program. Two facilities were used in the test program, the ambient pressure rig and the high pressure rig. The test program utilized a 35 mm diameter by 27 mm long foil journal bearing having an uncoated Inconel X-750 top foil running against a shaft with a PS304 coated journal. Load capacity tests were conducted at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 krpm at temperatures from 25°C to 500°C and at pressures from 0.1 to 2.5 atmospheres. Results show an increase in load capacity with increased ambient pressure and a reduction in load capacity with increased ambient temperature. Below one-half atmosphere of ambient pressure a dramatic loss of load capacity is experienced. Additional lightly loaded foil bearing performance in nitrogen at 25°C and up to 48 atmospheres of ambient pressure has also been reported. In the lightly loaded region of operation the power loss increases for increasing pressure at a fixed load. Knowledge of foil bearing performance at operating conditions found within potential machine applications will reduce program development risk of future foil bearing supported turbomachines.

scholarly journals Numerical analysis of concrete-filled spiral welded stainless steel tubes subjected to compression

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongxu Li ◽  
Brian Uy ◽  
Farhad Aslani ◽  
Chao Hou
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Steel Tubes ◽  
Finite Element Software

Spiral welded stainless tubes are produced by helical welding of a continuous strip of stainless steel. Recently, concrete-filled spiral welded stainless steel tubes have found increasing application in the construction industry due to their ease of fabrication and aesthetic appeal. However, an in-depth understanding of the behaviour of this type of structure is still needed due to the lack of proper design guidance and insufficient experimental verification. In this paper, the mechanical performance of concrete-filled spiral welded stainless steel tubes will be numerically investigated with a commercial finite element software package, through which an experimental program can be designed properly. Specifically, the proposed finite element models take into account the effects of material and geometric nonlinearities. Moreover, the initial imperfections of stainless steel tubes and the form of helical welding will be appropriately included. Enhancement of the understanding of the analysis results can be achieved by extending results through a series of parametric studies based on the developed finite element model. Thus, the effects of various design parameters will be further evaluated by using the developed finite element model. Furthermore, for the purposes of wide application of such types of structure, the accuracy of the behaviour prediction in terms of ultimate strength based on current design codes will be studied. The authors herein compared the load capacity between the finite element analysis results and the existing codes of practice.

Experimental Study on Shear Behavior of RC Beams Strengthened with Stainless Steel Wire Mesh

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 5582-5588
Author(s):  
Ming Liu ◽  
Hua Huang ◽  
Jian Ling Hou ◽  
Bo Quan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Shear Stiffness ◽  
Shear Behavior ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Stainless Steel Wire ◽  
Stainless Steel Wire Mesh ◽  
Steel Wire Mesh

Rehabilitation of RC members with stainless steel wire mesh and permeability polymer mortar is a new method of structural strengthening with the advantages of resistance to fire, corrosion and ageing. Experiments were conducted to investigate the shear behavior of eight strengthened RC rectangular beams and one comparative RC beam. The shear mechanism of strengthened beams was analyzed, and the influences of the strengthening manners, bolts’ amount, bolts’ distance on the shear behavior of strengthened beams were discussed. The test results show that the rehabilitation greatly increase the beam’s shear load-carrying capacity, shear stiffness, and its ductility. But the range of load capacity improvement is greatly influenced by the bolts’ amount and distance, too much and dense bolts badly weaken the shear behavior of beam itself. The influences of the strengthening manners on the load capacity are puny, but the beams’ failure modes are different.

Transfer Cask Assembly: Onsite Transfer of K-Basin Fuel at Hanford

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Jensen ◽  
Andrew T. Kee ◽  
Robert A. Johnson ◽  
Philip W. Noss
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Packaging Technology ◽  
Quick Release ◽  
Locking Mechanism ◽  
Confirmation Test ◽  
Successful Design ◽  
Hypothetical Accident ◽  
Accident Conditions

Packaging Technology, Inc. was awarded a contract for the design and fabrication of a unique 18.5-ton transportation system to be used on-site at Hanford, WA. Unique aspects include rectangular cask geometry, solid 7”-thick stainless steel construction, hinged lid with remotely operable quick release locking mechanism. The lid maintains shielding and material confinement integrity after hypothetical accident conditions, and is equipped with a hydrogen venting system. This paper presents how the project requirements were translated into a successful design, and includes a brief discussion of a confirmation test program.

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