An Experimental Investigation on the Wear of Lubricated Steel Against PEEK Gears

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoda Yu ◽  
Huaiju Liu ◽  
Ken Mao ◽  
Caichao Zhu ◽  
Peitang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Durability Test ◽  
Fixed Input ◽  
Oil Jet

Abstract The application of polymer gears in power transmission has been considered recently due to their advantages over metal gears, e.g., lighter weights and lower costs. Much further research work needs to be carried out to understand their wear mechanisms and to establish their design methods. This paper aims to investigate the wear and failure behavior of the poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) gear against the steel gear under oil jet lubrication through the durability test with the standard FZG test rig. The service life and wear loss of PEEK gears were experimentally recorded under different moderate loading conditions ranging from the output torque of 10–20 Nm with a fixed input rotational speed of 1000 rpm. Moreover, the tooth surface morphologies and the wear loss of PEEK gears under different running stages were investigated. The experimental measurements reveal that there is a critical load magnitude for the transition of wear performance. With a load above 15 Nm, the PEEK gear wear rate increases rapidly, leading to a quick breakage failure, whereas the gear wear rate with a torque below 15 Nm is much lower. All tested PEEK gears finally failed with a pitting-induced tooth breakage mode under moderate loading conditions.

scholarly journals Experimental Wear Behavior Analysis of Coated Spindle Hook Teeth under Real Harvesting Work Conditions

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2487
Author(s):  
Yanqing Gu ◽  
Hongwen Zhang ◽  
Xiuqing Fu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Zhenyu Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Wear Area ◽  
Cutting Surface ◽  
Spatial Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Process Failure ◽  
Major Chemical

This study aimed to investigate the wear failure changes of spindle hook teeth and the reasons for such failure during field work. Spindle samples were obtained from a fixed position of the spindle bar under different field picking area conditions and combined with the spatial distribution characteristics of cotton bolls in Xinjiang. After cutting a spindle sample, a scanning electron microscope and an energy spectrum analyzer were used to characterize the micromorphology and element composition of the hook tooth surface and cross section under different working area conditions. The wear parameters of the hook teeth were then extracted. The results showed that the thickness of the coating on the surface of the hook tooth used in this study was between 66.1 µm and 74.4 µm. The major chemical element was chromium, with a small amount of nickel. During the field picking process, failure of the coating on the surface of the hook teeth initially appeared on the tooth tip and tooth edge, and then spread to the entire hook tooth surface. The wear failure of the hook teeth resulted from abrasive wear, oxidative wear, and fatigue peeling. As the picking area increased, the wear area of the hook teeth increased exponentially, while the wear width increased linearly. When the field picking area reached 533.33 ha, the maximum change rate of the wear area was 2.33 × 103 µm2/ha, and the wear width was 1.84 µm/ha. During field work, the thickness of the coating decreased from the cutting surface to the tooth edge, and the wear rate gradually increased. The wear rate at Position 1 was the slowest, at 0.01 µm/ha, and the wear rate at Position 5 was the fastest, at 0.25 µm/ha.

Tribological and thermomechanical analysis of CaO (quicklime) particulates filled ZA-27 alloy composites for bearing application

2015 ◽  
Vol 232 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Gangwar ◽  
Amar Patnaik ◽  
IK Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Specific Wear Rate ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Environment Temperature

This research work investigates friction and wears behaviour of CaO filler / particulate reinforced ZA-27 alloy composites. Pin-on-disk tribometer confining to ASTM G 99 standard with EN-31 hardened steel disc was used to simulate the tribological performance experimentally. The tribological parameters were evaluated over a normal load range of 5–45 N, sliding velocity of 1.047–5.235 m/s., sliding distance of 500–2500 m, environment temperature of 25–45℃ and filler content range of 0–10 wt%. The various alloy composites were fabricated under vacuum environment by high-temperature gravity casting technique. The steady-state specific wear rate and coefficient of friction were evaluated under different boundary conditions and thereafter Taguchi design of experiment methodology was adopted to compute the experimental specific wear rate of the proposed alloy composites. The dynamic mechanical analysis and thermo-gravimetric analysis study were also performed in order to observe the thermal characteristics of the composites at higher temperature. Finally, the surface morphology of the worn samples was performed using field-emission scanning electron microscope to understand the wear mechanism prevailed at rubbing surfaces and then atomic force microscopy analysis was studied to evaluate the surface profile of the worn sample. At the end, energy-dispersive spectrometer analysis was also performed to find out the elemental compositions of the worn alloy composites.

Progressive Failure Analysis of an Integral Composite Joint for Thrust Reverser Cascade

2019 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
Ji Shen Yang ◽  
Hong Yu Qi ◽  
Xiao Guang Yang ◽  
Duo Qi Shi
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
Progressive Failure ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Composite Joint ◽  
Bending Load ◽  
Load Carrying

The research work in this paper is focused on studying the failure behavior of an integral π-shaped laminated composite structure subjected to a bending load. A progressive damage model based on the 3D Tsai-Wu failure criterion and a developed gradual degradation model was employed to simulate and assess the load-carrying capacity, the onset and propagation of damage, and the failure mechanisms. For this unique π-shaped composite structure, disbonding was found to be the dominant damage mode under bending load, and the approximate maximum load could be maintained for a brief time during the final failure due to the gradual loss nature of the load-carrying capacity. The extent of damage was found to be more serious on the side of Rib II compared to the other side.

Improving the Surface Characteristics by Employing FSP on the Composites for the Automobile Brake Pad Application

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ashwath ◽  
M. Anthony Xavior ◽  
R. Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Hot Extrusion ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
Brake Disc ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Friction Stir

Abstract Looking at the background of the recent research on the area of the brake friction materials, composites are gaining the trust in being a potential replacement among the automobile sectors. The fabrication of the AA 2024 composites reinforced with 3 wt % Al2O3 is done using powder metallurgy technique followed by hot extrusion process. Current research work focuses on friction stir processed surface modified composites evaluated for the replacement of the currently used brake pads materials in automobile sectors. Surface characterization is carried out on the worn-out tracks of both brake materials developed and the counterpart employed using scanning electron microscope and XRD. The counterpart used in pin on disc configuration is exactly the material used in the automobile application (i.e. automobile brake disc plate material). Impact characteristics and tensile studies after friction stir processing (FSP) is studied as well. Coefficient of friction and wear loss characteristics in aspect of the tribological life of the composites developed is compared with the existing automobile brake pad components and found that FSP on composites served the purpose of the materials used in existing brake pads material.

Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Titanium Metal Powder Filled Aluminum Alloy Composites for Gear Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 877 ◽  
pp. 118-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashiwani Kumar ◽  
Amar Patnaik ◽  
I.K. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Metal Powder ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Casting Machine ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Titanium Metal

In the current research work, the influence of titanium metal powder on wear beheviour of Al 7075 composites is investigated. These composites were fabricated by using the high vacuum casting machine. The Tribological beheviour of titanium metal powder aluminum alloy composites was investigated by performing dry sliding experiments as a function of wear with a E-31 harden steel disk( 62 HRC) as the counterpart on pin on disk machine . Wear experiments were performed for normal load of 20, 35, 50 , 65 and 80 N at sliding velocities of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25 m/s and sliding distance (250 ,500, 750, 1000 and 1250 m at room temperature. The tests were performed on Taguchi’s L25 orthogonal array and the effect of working parameters on wear rate was studied using ANOVA. To investigate the dominant sliding wear mechanism for different steady state experiment conditions, the SEM micrograph of worn surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The wear rate was found to minimum as compared to unfilled alloy and the wear resistance improves the aluminum alloy composites. Finally, it was investigated that the analysis of microstructure and wear properties of titanium metal powder filled alloy composite.

Mathematical Model and Surface Deviation of Helipoid Gears Cut by Shaper Cutters

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Long Wu ◽  
Chia-Chang Liu ◽  
Chung-Biau Tsay ◽  
Shigeyoshi Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Cutting Mechanism ◽  
Hypoid Gears ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Surface Deviations ◽  
Surface Deviation

Crossed-axis helical gears and hypoid gears are two conventional crossed-axis power transmission devices. Helipoid gears, a novel gear proposed herein, possess the merits of the crossed-axis helical and hypoid gears. A mathematical model of the proposed helipoid gear cut by shapers is also derived according to the cutting mechanism and the theory of gearing. The investigation shows that the tooth surface varies with the number of teeth of the shaper. Computer graphs of the helipoid gear are presented according to the developed gear mathematical model, and the tooth surface deviations due to the number of teeth of the shaper are also investigated.

Wear Mechanism and Self Lubrication of Engineering Ceramics at Elevated Temperatures

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 1092-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Ning Xiao ◽  
Ji Xiang Yin ◽  
Tetsuya Senda
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Wear Mechanism ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Testing Temperature ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
Pressure Oxidation ◽  
Wear Tests ◽  
Friction And Wear Tests

Friction and wear tests of Al2O3 and SiC were conducted from room temperature to 1200°C both in air and in vacuum. Results show that the wear mechanism of Al2O3 is dominated by micro fracture, debris abrasive and delamination at temperatures below 600 °C, while is controlled by plastic deformation and recrystallization among 600~1200 °C, resulting in an obvious decrease of wear loss. The wear rate and surface microstructure of SiC are closely depending on the testing temperature, atmosphere and contact pressure. Oxidation of SiC at elevated temperatures plays important role on the wear rate. Self lubrication of both Al2O3 and SiC at high temperatures was observed, which is mainly depending on the formation of a specific surface layer composed of nano-particles or very thin glassy film.

EFFECT OF TENSILE SPEED ON THE FAILURE LOAD OF A SPOT WELD UNDER COMBINED LOADING CONDITIONS

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (09n11) ◽  
pp. 1469-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUNG-HAN SONG ◽  
HOON HUH ◽  
JI-HO LIM ◽  
SUNG-HO PARK
Keyword(s):  
Failure Load ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Spot Weld ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Failure ◽  
Shear Loads ◽  
Failure Loads

This paper is concerned with the evaluation of the dynamic failure load of the spot weld under combined axial and shear loading conditions. The testing fixture are designed to impose the combined axial and shear load on the spot weld. Using the proposed testing fixtures and specimens, quasi-static and dynamic failure tests of the spot weld are conducted with seven different combined loading conditions. The failure load and failure behavior of the spot weld are investigated with different loading conditions. Dynamic effects on the failure load of the spot weld, which is critical for structural crashworthiness, are also examined based on the experimental data. In order to evaluate the effect of the strain rate on the failure contour of the spot weld under combined axial and shear loads, the failure loads measured from the experiment are decomposed into the two components along the axial and shear directions. Experimental results indicate that the failure contour is expanded with increasing strain rates according to the rate sensitivity of the ultimate stress for welded material.

Using a quarter-vehicle multi-body model to estimate the service loads of a suspension arm for durability calculations

2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Haiba ◽  
D C Barton ◽  
P C Brooks ◽  
M C Levesley
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Virtual Prototype ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
Durability Test ◽  
Tyre Model ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Physical Prototype ◽  
Pave Road ◽  
Multi Body

Predicting the fatigue life of an automotive component requires stress histories that accurately reflect loading conditions. In practice, these loads can only be determined experimentally once a physical prototype exists. If durability is to influence the design process at an early stage, representative loading conditions must be evaluated virtually using tools such as the multi-body system (MBS) technique. This paper investigates the simulation of loading conditions for a suspension arm of a multipurpose vehicle using a quarter-vehicle model (QVM) of varying complexity. Like the physical durability test, the model is driven over a virtual pavé road, which subjects the virtual prototype to inputs likely to cause significant damage, thus placing exacting demands on the model. Though predicted resonant frequencies are close to those measured, comparison between experiment and simulation reveals discrepancies in the amplitudes of acceleration. Possible causes are investigated by studying the sensitivity of the QVM to parameters such as the tyre model and bushing. The paper concludes that, if the virtual prototype is subjected to large amplitude inputs such as those generated by a pavé road, the QVM may not adequately predict representative loading conditions, and a full-vehicle model may be required.

Sintered Frictional SiC-Reinforced Cu-Base Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 345-349
Author(s):  
Jiraporn Damnernsawat ◽  
Pongpan Kaewtatip ◽  
Nattaya Tosangthum ◽  
Bhanu Vetayanugul ◽  
Pongsak Wila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Transmission ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Friction Modifiers ◽  
Friction Materials ◽  
Sic Particles ◽  
Sintered Copper ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Frictional Materials ◽  
Sintered Materials

Lead-free frictional materials are important components in safety and power transmission parts of automobiles. In order to avoid using lead-containing friction modifiers, non-toxic ceramic particles are considered to be used as reinforcements. In this research work, copper-based friction materials have been developed by using press and sinter method. Pre-alloyed bronze (Cu-10Sn) powder was admixed with iron (Fe), graphite (C) and varied amounts of silicon carbide (SiC) powders. The admixed powders were compacted into disc-shape samples, which were then sintered at different temperatures in the range of 800-950 °C. It was found that sintered density and hardness of the sintered copper-based friction materials reduced with increasing SiC content. Microstructures of the sintered materials showed inhomogeneity due to uneven distribution of coarse Fe and SiC particles. The coarse SiC particles also prohibited bonding between metal powder particles. However, the sintered materials showed high room-temperature friction coefficients, which were in the range of 0.50-0.90, particularly the materials containing 4 wt. % of SiC particles.

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