Investigations on the Tribological Characteristics of TiO2-Doped Nanofluid Fuel (Biodiesel/Diesel Blend) at Different Contact Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Saxena ◽  
Niraj Kumar ◽  
Vinod Kumar Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Temperature Parameter ◽  
Biodiesel Blend ◽  
Nanofluid Fuel

Abstract The fuels (diesel/biodiesel blends) for diesel engines must possess a minimum of lubricating characteristics to prolong the life of some of the engine vital parts lubricated by the fuel itself. Hence, the tribological characteristic of the modified nanofluid fuel blends needs to be investigated for its suitability and sustainability. In the present study, an experimental analysis on the tribological aspect of fuel blends comprising 40% Acacia concinna biodiesel and 60% diesel (by volume) mixed with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in a concentration of 50–200 mg/l was conducted. The prepared fuel blends in varying volume concentrations were tested on a four-ball tribotester. The effects of varying operating parameters such as load and temperature as well as oxidation of biodiesel fuel blend on friction and wear behavior were evaluated with the help of three-dimensional (3D) surface plots (response surface methodology approach). Further, wear patch diameter, wear debris, wear volume, and flash temperature parameter were analyzed using optical micrographs and ferrographs. The obtained results revealed that despite having an influence of all parameters, the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles is more significant in improving the antiwear/friction characteristics of modified nanofluid fuel blends. It was observed that a TiO2 concentration of 150 mg/l in fuel blend was found to be the most suitable to reduce the friction, wear, and wear volume compared with those of diesel and biodiesel blend.

Enhancing Diesel Engine Performance and Reducing Emissions Using Binary Biodiesel Fuel Blend

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paramvir Singh ◽  
S. R. Chauhan ◽  
Varun Goel ◽  
Ashwani K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Fuel Mixing ◽  
Ci Engines

Fossil fuel consumption provides a negative impact on the human health and environment in parallel with the decreased availability of this valuable natural resource for the future generations to use as a source of chemical energy for all applications in energy, power, and propulsion. The diesel fuel consumption in the transport sector is higher than the gasoline in most developing countries for reasons of cost and economy. Biodiesel fuel offers a good replacement for diesel fuel in compression ignition (CI) diesel engines. Earlier investigations by the authors revealed that a blend of 70% amla seed oil biodiesel and 30% eucalyptus oil (AB70EU30) is the favorable alternative renewable fuel blend that can be used as a fuel in diesel engines. With any fuel, air/fuel mixing and mixture preparation impact efficiency, emissions, and performance in CI engines. Minor adjustments in engine parameters to improve air/fuel mixing and combustion are deployable approaches to achieve good performance with alternative fuel blends in CI engines. This paper provides the role of a minor modification to engine parameters (compression ratio, injection timing, and injection pressure) on improved performance using the above mixture of binary fuel blends (AB70EU30). The results showed that the use of AB70EU30 in modified engine resulted in higher brake thermal efficiency and lower brake specific fuel consumption compared to normal diesel for improved combustion that also resulted in very low tailpipe emissions.

The Effects of Biodiesel Fuel Blends on Exhaust Emissions From a General Electric Tier 2 Line-Haul Locomotive

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin Osborne ◽  
Steve Fritz ◽  
Doug Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Measurement Variation ◽  
Duty Cycles ◽  
Biodiesel Blend

This paper documents exhaust emission test results from a Tier 2 General Electric ES44DC line-haul locomotive with 3,280 kW rated traction power, and the impact of biodiesel fuel blends on regulated exhaust emissions. Baseline exhaust emission testing was performed with a test fuel containing a sulfur concentration of approximately 400 ppm, and was followed by testing of fuel blends containing 2%, 10%, 20%, and 100% soybean derived biodiesel (B2, B10, B20, B100). Gaseous and particulate emissions were sampled per Title 40 of the United States Code of Federal Regulations, Part 92. Test results indicate particulate matter (PM) reductions occurred over the EPA Locomotive Line-Haul and Switch Duty Cycles for each biodiesel blend tested, as compared to the base fuel. The bulk of the PM reduction benefit was present with the 10% biodiesel blend, with comparatively small additional amounts of PM reductions found with increased amounts of biodiesel. PM reduction associated with biodiesel was greater over the Switch Duty Cycle than for the Line-Haul Duty Cycle. The change in cycle weighted oxides of nitrogen (NOx) for B2, B10, and B20 were not greater than the expected test measurement variation; however, B100 increased NOx by nearly 15% over the line-haul cycle. Changes in hydrocarbon (HC) emissions over the duty cycles were within normal test measurement variation except for neat biodiesel, where HC was reduced by 21% and 24% over the Line-Haul and Switch cycles. Carbon Monoxide (CO) reductions of 17% and 24% over the Line-Haul cycle were measured for B20 and B100, as compared to the base fuel. Volumetric fuel consumption increased about 1% for both B2 and B10 blends. Just over 2% increase in volumetric fuel consumption was observed at B20 and nearly 7% increase in volumetric fuel consumption at B100.

Biodiesel fuel blend performance evaluation using a radial finned tube heater

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-561
Author(s):  
Danar Susilo Wijayanto ◽  
Nugroho Agung Pambudi ◽  
Yusuf Wijaya ◽  
Ngatou Rohman ◽  
Husin Bugis
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Finned Tube ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Biodiesel Blend ◽  
Fuel Blending

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to experimentally investigate the effect of biodiesel fuel blending and heating on engine torque and power. Design/methodology/approach To obtain torque and power data, a 1200 AWD dynamometer was used. The 1200 AWD dynamometer is a device used to obtain readings, and is made up of a chassis, inertia roller, roller sensor and converter modules, and can also be connected to a personal computer. Findings The result revealed that biodiesel blending and heating significantly affected torque and power. When only biodiesel blend ratio was varied, the highest torque and power were obtained at 30 per cent fuel blending. Also, the highest torque and power were obtained at 20 mm when only a spaced finned tube heater was used. When both variables were combined, the highest torque was obtained at a 20 per cent biodiesel blend and a 10 mm radial radiator finned spacing. Maximum power for two variables was obtained at the 20 per cent blend ratio and 20 mm finned tube heater spacing. Originality/value A novel radial finned tube heater is used.

On-Board Measurements of Particle Emissions from a Diesel Car Fuelled with Alternative Fuels Based on Different Road Types

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 1166-1170
Author(s):  
Di Yao ◽  
Di Ming Lou ◽  
Yuan Hu Zhi ◽  
Pi Qiang Tan ◽  
Qian Feng
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Particle Emissions ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Biodiesel Blend ◽  
Emission Ratios

In this paper, on-board Measurements of particle emissions were carried out on a VW diesel car in Shanghai real roads. The test fuels included pure petroleum diesel (D100) and three different alternative fuel blends, 10% biodiesel blend (BD10), 10% coal-to-liquid fuel blend (C10) and 10% gas-to-liquid fuel blend (G10) in volumetric mixture ratio. Results showed that particle emissions in freeways were terrible, and particle number emission ratios from urban roads were high. The test alternative blend fuels of BD10, Bu10, G10 and C10 all have positive effects on the particle emissions of test diesel car.

The Effects of Biodiesel Fuel Blends on Exhaust Emissions From a General Electric Tier 2 Line-Haul Locomotive

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin Osborne ◽  
Steve Fritz ◽  
Doug Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Measurement Variation ◽  
Duty Cycles ◽  
Biodiesel Blend

This paper documents the exhaust emission test results from a Tier 2 General Electric ES44DC line-haul locomotive with 3280 kW rated traction power and the impact of biodiesel fuel blends on regulated exhaust emissions. Baseline exhaust emission testing was performed with a test fuel containing a sulfur concentration of approximately 400 ppm and was followed by testing of fuel blends containing 2%, 10%, 20%, and 100% soybean derived biodiesel (B2, B10, B20, and B100). Gaseous and particulate emissions were sampled per Title 40 of the United States Code of Federal Regulations, Part 92. Test results indicate particulate matter (PM) reductions occurred over the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) locomotive line-haul and switch duty cycles for each biodiesel blend tested, as compared with the base fuel. The bulk of the PM reduction benefit was present with the 10% biodiesel blend, with comparatively small additional amounts of PM reductions found with increased amounts of biodiesel. PM reduction associated with biodiesel was greater over the switch duty cycle than for the line-haul duty cycle. The change in cycle weighted oxides of nitrogen (NOx) for B2, B10, and B20 was not greater than the expected test measurement variation; however, B100 increased NOx by nearly 15% over the line-haul cycle. Changes in hydrocarbon (HC) emissions over the duty cycles were within normal test measurement variation except for neat biodiesel, where HC was reduced by 21% and 24% over the line-haul and switch cycles, respectively. Carbon monoxide reductions of 17% and 24% over the line-haul cycle were measured for B20 and B100, respectively, as compared with the base fuel. Volumetric fuel consumption increased to about 1% for both B2 and B10 blends. Just over 2% increase in volumetric fuel consumption was observed at B20 and nearly 7% increase in volumetric fuel consumption at B100.

AN ASSESSMENT OF VARIOUS NANOADDITIVES AND TRIBO-CORROSION WITH WASTE COOKING BIODIESEL FUELED IN A DIESEL ENGINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogaraj D ◽  
Jaichandar S
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Flash Temperature ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Temperature Parameter

The waste cooking biodiesel's steady-state coefficient of friction rate of fuel blends are B90 (18.2%), B60 (7.2%), B20 (16.72%), B10 (30.8%), and diesel (38.77%) higher compared with B40 fuel blend and wear scar diameter of the fuel blends from B40 to B100 had a minimal range of 0.5mm. The flash temperature parameter results higher from B40 to B100 fuel blends, and the corrosion rate was minimal for B40 and B50 fuel blends. Afterward, the fuel blend B40 (40% WCO+60% Diesel fuel) was chosen as fuel, along with Cerium (25ppm), Zinc (25ppm), and Titanium nanoparticles (25ppm) were selected as fuel additives. The B40+D60+Titanium (25ppm) blend resulted in improved BTE and 3.83% lowered BSEC comparison with diesel fuel. Then the fuel blend, B40+D80+Titanium (25ppm), resulted in 2.08% reduced HC, 36.36% CO, and 16.25% smoke emissions, along with marginally 8.5% higher NOx emissions comparison with diesel fuel. Also, the fuel blend, B40+D80+Titanium (25ppm) combustions characteristics are the equivalent trend of cylinder pressure (58.82 bar) and HRR (66.65 J/deg CA) related to diesel fuel at peak load.

Engine Performance with Diesel-Biodiesel Blends Fuel and Emission Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (5A) ◽  
pp. 779-788
Author(s):  
Marwa N. Kareem ◽  
Adel M. Salih
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Hc Emissions

In this study, the sunflowers oil was utilized as for producing biodiesel via a chemical operation, which is called trans-esterification reaction. Iraqi diesel fuel suffers from high sulfur content, which makes it one of the worst fuels in the world. This study is an attempt to improve the fuel specifications by reducing the sulfur content of the addition of biodiesel fuel to diesel where this fuel is free of sulfur and has a thermal energy that approaches to diesel.20%, 30% and 50% of Biodiesel fuel were added to the conventional diesel. Performance tests and pollutants of a four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine were performed. The results indicated that the brake thermal efficiency a decreased by (4%, 16%, and 22%) for the B20, B30 and B50, respectively. The increase in specific fuel consumption was (60%, 33%, and 11%) for the B50, B30, and B20 fuels, respectively for the used fuel blends compared to neat diesel fuel. The engine exhaust gas emissions measures manifested a decreased of CO and HC were CO decreased by (13%), (39%) and (52%), and the HC emissions were lower by (6.3%), (32%), and (46%) for B20, B30 and B50 respectively, compared to diesel fuel. The reduction of exhaust gas temperature was (7%), (14%), and (32%) for B20, B30 and B50 respectively. The NOx emission increased with the increase in biodiesel blends ratio. For B50, the raise was (29.5%) in comparison with diesel fuel while for B30 and B20, the raise in the emissions of NOx was (18%) and...

Rolling/Sliding Wear Behavior of High Carbon Steel Wire Rod (HSWR) of Traction Machine

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beom-Taek Jang ◽  
Seock-Sam Kim
Keyword(s):  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Wire Rope ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Volume Curve ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lubrication Condition ◽  
Worn Surface

Steel wires are critical load-bearing components in a wide range of applications such as elevator, cranes, mine haulage etc. The traction machine of elevator which transmits power to wire rope causes micro-slip between wire rope and sheave during reciprocating action. The lubrication condition of wire rope is also changed due to the lack of grease. This study focuses on the wear behavior of steel wire and effect of both dry and grease conditions by using the rolling/sliding contact wear tester done under various slip ratios and rolling speeds. The experimental results of the wear volume curve against the number of revolutions under the grease condition are compared with the results under dry condition. The worn surface of steel wire and the size of wear particles were observed by SEM. In order to quantify the wear amount of steel wire we established an equation and finally obtained the wear coefficient.

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