scholarly journals Calculating the Flowfield Behaviour of High-Speed Multi-Stage Compressors

Author(s):  
John P. Longley

This paper describes the development of a computational model for the moderate to long lengthscale flowfield behaviour of high-speed multi-stage compressors. The simulation is a time accurate solution of the fully compressible non-linear equations for fluid flow through an entire compressor. Flow in the non-bladed regions is calculated using a two-dimensional Euler solver whilst the individual blade rows are modelled using multiple one-dimensional flowfields with body forces. The body forces are chosen to give the required steady state blade row performance and a physically based circulation model is used to give the correct non-steady flow dynamics. The capabilities of the simulation are demonstrated in this paper by calculating how the flowfield breakdown of a four stage compressor is affected by operating speed and a range of different inlet flow distortions.

Author(s):  
S. Vaskevich

One of the most important problems of training volleyball players is the development of motor abilities and, in particular, endurance. Many researchers note that endurance is a common property of the human body, which finds a specific manifestation in various types of motor activity, including sports. In other cases, endurance is the ability of the body to perform any physical activity for a long time without reducing its effectiveness, in other words, endurance is opposed to the process of fatigue. A number of authors, along with General and special endurance, distinguish high-speed, high-speed-power, power, local, regional, global, and in some cases universal, long-term, short-term, and static endurance as a type of special endurance. A common component for all types of endurance is volitional tension, through which the intensity is maintained, but up to a certain limit. However, endurance should be distinguished from such a concept as human performance. Despite various formulations, all authors agree that efficiency is the maximum work that a person can do, that is, the ability to perform the maximum amount of work possible for them. Now the effectiveness of aerobics is generally recognized. Aerobics is a set of endurance exercises that last for a relatively long t ime and are associated with achieving a balance between the body's oxygen needs and its delivery. The body's response to increased oxygen demand is called a training effect or positive physical shifts. To develop such physical qualities as endurance, volleyball players need to include various types of physical training in their training. When performing physical exercises, some changes occur in the body: the total volume of blood increases so much that the ability to transport oxygen improves, and therefore the athlete shows greater endurance during strenuous physical exertion. Having analyzed the modern scientific and methodological literature and the latest ways of using fitness varieties. We can say that fitness technologies develop, strengthen, correct and generally improve the physical fitness of athletes, as well as improve the individual physical quality of each athlete, which required more attention. Aerobics helps to cope with physical and emotional stress. Therefore, volleyball athletes who include in their training fitness programs aerobic load much faster improve their physical qualities, namely endurance.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Taewoong Kang ◽  
Jae-Bong Yi ◽  
Dongwoon Song ◽  
Seung-Joon Yi

This paper presents an autonomous robotic assembly system for Soma cube blocks, which, after observing the individual blocks and their assembled shape, quickly plans and executes the assembly motion sequence that picks up each block and incrementally build the target shape. A multi stage planner is used to find the suitable assembly solutions, assembly sequences and grip sequences considering various constraints, and re-grasping is used when the block target pose is not directly realizable or the block pose is ambiguous. The suggested system is implemented for a commercial UR5e robotic arm and a novel two degrees of freedom (DOF) gripper capable of in-hand manipulation, which further speeds up the manipulation speed. It was experimentally validated through a public competitive demonstration, where the suggested system completed all assembly tasks reliably with outstanding performance.


2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Daumer ◽  
Andreas N. Schneider ◽  
Damian Mrowca ◽  
Rui Ding ◽  
Han Gao ◽  
...  

Background: The individual running style has an impact on the running performance as well as the running injury risk. In order to increase the performance and lower the injury risk, runners should be educated towards a healthy running style. But before advices can be made it is crucial to distinguish running styles from each other.Aim: The stretch goal is to build a running style app, which is able to track and display the user’s current running style by using accelerometry data, based on which advice can be given for a healthy and efficient running style with the help of gaming tools. To validate the approach, a gold standard with outdoor running acceleration data has to be created.Methods: The accelerometry data used by the smartphone app is gathered from the “actibelt”, an accelerometer included in a belt buckle. This sensor collects data close to the body COM in all three dimensions which is transferred to a smartphone via Bluetooth in real-time. The focus of this work is the validation of an acceleration based detection of different running styles, namely heel strikes, midfoot strikes and forefoot strikes. Features, which are able to clearly distinguish different running styles, have to be extracted out of the accelerometry data with machine learning techniques (SVM). Laboratory experiments have been conducted to analyze the actibelt data of three test persons performing heel, midfoot and forefoot strikes on a pressure sensitive treadmill with video control. As running apps are mainly used outdoors, the results had to be reproduced with outdoor running data. In an extreme ends approach four test persons with different running experience ranging from professional to occasional runners were asked to successively run on their heels, midfoot and forefoot, while accelerometry data was recorded and synchronized with mobile high speed video. The different running styles were performed on different substrates, with different shoes and speeds. Discussion/Conclusion: While significant differences in the accelerometry data of the running styles have been observed in the laboratory, those differences couldn’t be reproduced in outdoor environments. Characteristic peak patterns (Lieberman, nature 463, 531-535) could be reproduced in the laboratory but disappeared in outdoor running. The most distorting aspects are the harder and less comfortable surface and an irregular speed compared to treadmill running. Hence, for a reliable detection of the running style, the actibelt data may be complemented by further sensors, e.g. placed in the socks. A promising idea is to influence the stride frequency of runners at given speeds to improve the individual running style.


2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Daumer ◽  
Andreas N. Schneider ◽  
Damian Mrowca ◽  
Rui Ding ◽  
Han Gao ◽  
...  

Background: The individual running style has an impact on the running performance as well as the running injury risk. In order to increase the performance and lower the injury risk, runners should be educated towards a healthy running style. But before advices can be made it is crucial to distinguish running styles from each other.Aim: The stretch goal is to build a running style app, which is able to track and display the user’s current running style by using accelerometry data, based on which advice can be given for a healthy and efficient running style with the help of gaming tools. To validate the approach, a gold standard with outdoor running acceleration data has to be created.Methods: The accelerometry data used by the smartphone app is gathered from the “actibelt”, an accelerometer included in a belt buckle. This sensor collects data close to the body COM in all three dimensions which is transferred to a smartphone via Bluetooth in real-time. The focus of this work is the validation of an acceleration based detection of different running styles, namely heel strikes, midfoot strikes and forefoot strikes. Features, which are able to clearly distinguish different running styles, have to be extracted out of the accelerometry data with machine learning techniques (SVM). Laboratory experiments have been conducted to analyze the actibelt data of three test persons performing heel, midfoot and forefoot strikes on a pressure sensitive treadmill with video control. As running apps are mainly used outdoors, the results had to be reproduced with outdoor running data. In an extreme ends approach four test persons with different running experience ranging from professional to occasional runners were asked to successively run on their heels, midfoot and forefoot, while accelerometry data was recorded and synchronized with mobile high speed video. The different running styles were performed on different substrates, with different shoes and speeds. Discussion/Conclusion: While significant differences in the accelerometry data of the running styles have been observed in the laboratory, those differences couldn’t be reproduced in outdoor environments. Characteristic peak patterns (Lieberman, nature 463, 531-535) could be reproduced in the laboratory but disappeared in outdoor running. The most distorting aspects are the harder and less comfortable surface and an irregular speed compared to treadmill running. Hence, for a reliable detection of the running style, the actibelt data may be complemented by further sensors, e.g. placed in the socks. A promising idea is to influence the stride frequency of runners at given speeds to improve the individual running style.


2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Wellner ◽  
E. Voth ◽  
H. Schicha ◽  
K. Weber

Summary Aim: The influence of physiological and pharmacological amounts of iodine on the uptake of radioiodine in the thyroid was examined in a 4-compartment model. This model allows equations to be derived describing the distribution of tracer iodine as a function of time. The aim of the study was to compare the predictions of the model with experimental data. Methods: Five euthyroid persons received stable iodine (200 μg, 10 mg). 1-123-uptake into the thyroid was measured with the Nal (Tl)-detector of a body counter under physiological conditions and after application of each dose of additional iodine. Actual measurements and predicted values were compared, taking into account the individual iodine supply as estimated from the thyroid uptake under physiological conditions and data from the literature. Results: Thyroid iodine uptake decreased from 80% under physiological conditions to 50% in individuals with very low iodine supply (15 μg/d) (n = 2). The uptake calculated from the model was 36%. Iodine uptake into the thyroid did not decrease in individuals with typical iodine supply, i.e. for Cologne 65-85 μg/d (n = 3). After application of 10 mg of stable iodine, uptake into the thyroid decreased in all individuals to about 5%, in accordance with the model calculations. Conclusion: Comparison of theoretical predictions with the measured values demonstrated that the model tested is well suited for describing the time course of iodine distribution and uptake within the body. It can now be used to study aspects of iodine metabolism relevant to the pharmacological administration of iodine which cannot be investigated experimentally in humans for ethical and technical reasons.


1984 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. D. Kwon ◽  
D. C. Prevorsek

Abstract Radial tires for automobiles were subjected to high speed rolling under load on a testing wheel to determine the critical speeds at which standing waves started to form. Tires of different makes had significantly different critical speeds. The damping coefficient and mass per unit length of the tire wall were measured and a correlation between these properties and the observed critical speed of standing wave formation was sought through use of a circular membrane model. As expected from the model, desirably high critical speed calls for a high damping coefficient and a low mass per unit length of the tire wall. The damping coefficient is particularly important. Surprisingly, those tire walls that were reinforced with steel cord had higher damping coefficients than did those reinforced with polymeric cord. Although the individual steel filaments are elastic, the interfilament friction is higher in the steel cords than in the polymeric cords. A steel-reinforced tire wall also has a higher density per unit length. The damping coefficient is directly related to the mechanical loss in cyclic deformation and, hence, to the rolling resistance of a tire. The study shows that, in principle, it is more difficult to design a tire that is both fuel-efficient and free from standing waves when steel cord is used than when polymeric cords are used.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1477-1481
Author(s):  
Ishwari Gaikwad ◽  
Priyanka Shelotkar

The current world situation is both frightening and alarming due to the massive disruption caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The next few days are censorious as we need to be very precautious in our daily regimen as well as dietary habits. Ayurveda offers knowledge about food based on certain reasoning. Indecent food custom is the chief cause for the rising development of health disorders in the current era. In classical texts of Ayurveda, the concept of diet explained well, ranging from their natural sources, properties and specific utility in pathological as well as physiological manner. In this work, the review of the relevant literature of Ahara (Diet) was carried out from Charak Samhita and other texts, newspapers, articles, web page related to the same.  Every human being is unique with respect to his Prakriti (Physical and mental temperament), Agni (Digestive capacity), Koshtha  (Nature of bowel) etc. For that reason, the specificity of the individual should be kept in mind. Ahara, when consumed in the appropriate amount at the right moment following all Niyamas (Guidelines) given in Ayurveda texts, gives immunity and keeps the body in a healthy state during pandemics such as Covid-19. Ultimately, this will help the human body to maintain its strength for life. This article reviews the concept of diet viz. combination of foods, their quantity and quality, methods of preparation and processing, which are to be followed during pandemics and are essential in maintenance and endorsement of health and preclusion of diseases.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 386-393
Author(s):  
L. M. Gunina ◽  
◽  
Kazys Mylashyus ◽  
Voitenko V. L. ◽  
◽  
...  

Under high-intensity loads, the athlete's bodies take place a number of biochemical reactions and physiological processes that can lead to hyperbilirubinemia. The factors that can initiate the onset of this phenomenon include the syndrome of micro-damage muscle, violation of the integrity of erythrocyte membranes, decreased blood pH, malnutrition and increase oxygen demand of the body. Degree of expression of manifestations of physiological bilirubinemia depends on the level of adaptation of the athlete to the physical activities offered. Hyperbilirubinemia in athletes can be one of the components of the deterioration of the functional state, forming the symptoms of endogenous intoxication. The relevance of this problem in sport lies in the relatively low detection rate of hyperbilirubinemia due to the lack of regular screening studies. However, in drawing up a plan of nutritional- metabolic support for training and competitive activity and recovery measures, must not only the individual reaction of the athlete body to physical activity, but also the severity of shifts in the indicators of bilirubin metabolism and their ratio. The article describes the reasons for the increase in bilirubin levels, which can be caused by both the effect of physical activity and by the presence of pathological processes in athletes. The factors influencing the blood serum’s bilirubin content are also highlighted, which include the state of erythrocyte cell membranes and the rate of hemoglobin destruction, the functional state of the liver, the specifics of physical loads and the use of ergogenic pharmacological agents by athletes. Particular accent has been placed on the illumination of hereditary hyperbilirubinemias, which may have been detected at the stage of selection of athletes. The most common phenomenon is Gilbert's syndrome, which occurs in 2-5% of cases in the general population, is characterized in the clinic by a benign flow and is manifested by episodes of jaundice and an increase in total bilirubin content to moderate values due to indirect. The frequency of detection of hyperbilirubinemias in the population of athletes is 4.68%, among which Gilbert's disease accounts for almost half (48.7%). Conclusion. The work highlighted the pathogenesis and diagnostic algorithm of Gilbert's disease, and also emphasized that its drug prevention and correction in athletes to maintain functional and physical fitness should be carried out taking into account anti-doping rules, which requires upon diagnosis timely receipt of a therapeutic exclusion


Author(s):  
Rajendra Pai N. ◽  
U. Govindaraju

Ayurveda in its principle has given importance to individualistic approach rather than generalize. Application of this examination can be clearly seem like even though two patients suffering from same disease, the treatment modality may change depending upon the results of Dashvidha Pariksha. Prakruti and Pramana both used in Dashvidha Pariksha. Both determine the health of the individual and Bala (strength) of Rogi (Patient). Ayurveda followed Swa-angula Pramana as the unit of measurement for measuring the different parts of the body which is prime step assessing patient before treatment. Sushruta and Charaka had stated different Angula Pramana of each Pratyanga (body parts). Specificity is the characteristic property of Swa-angula Pramana. This can be applicable in present era for example artificial limbs. A scientific research includes collection, compilation, analysis and lastly scrutiny of entire findings to arrive at a conclusion. Study of Pramana and its relation with Prakruti was conducted in 1000 volunteers using Prakruti Parkishan proforma with an objective of evaluation of Anguli Pramana in various Prakriti. It was observed co-relating Pramana in each Prakruti and Granthokta Pramana that there is no vast difference in measurement of head, upper limb and lower limb. The observational study shows closer relation of features with classical texts.


Author(s):  
Joshua S. Walden

The book’s epilogue explores the place of musical portraiture in the context of posthumous depictions of the deceased, and in relation to the so-called posthuman condition, which describes contemporary changes in the relationship of the individual with such aspects of life as technology and the body. It first examines Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo to view how Bernard Herrmann’s score relates to issues of portraiture and the depiction of the identity of the deceased. It then considers the work of cyborg composer-artist Neil Harbisson, who has aimed, through the use of new capabilities of hybridity between the body and technology, to convey something akin to visual likeness in his series of Sound Portraits. The epilogue shows how an examination of contemporary views of posthumous and posthuman identities helps to illuminate the ways music represents the self throughout the genre of musical portraiture.


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