Investigating Electrostatic Flow Charging Using a Small Scale Test Bench

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp C. Weishaar ◽  
Alexander Görres ◽  
Hubertus Murrenhoff ◽  
Katharina Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hydraulic Fluid ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Group I ◽  
Electrostatic Charging ◽  
Scale Test

Common examples for electrostatic discharges can be encountered in everyday life. When approaching a grounded surface after walking on insulating flooring material or while riding an escalator one might experience an electrostatic discharge first hand. These discharges generally do not pose a problem but when translated to various fields of engineering, such as in hydraulics, discharges can be the root cause for system failures. The pioneering fields of engineering for electrostatic charging in systems are petro-chemistry and electrical engineering. Researchers in both fields attempted to formulate models to calculate the electrostatic charging a priori. These models provide some indication regarding the magnitude of charge but are currently not suited for the application in hydraulic systems. This is due to the lack of necessary fluid and material parameters for the application of either one of the models. [1, 2] Previous work in the pioneering fields focused on fluids and materials typical for their respective applications. This paper seeks to take the first step to remedy this situation by developing and commissioning a test bench for investigating a wide variety of hydraulic fluid-material combinations. The fluids pending investigation range from a typical hydraulic fluid based on a group I base oil to a pure polyalphaolefine of group IV. Common materials for hydraulic systems are investigated with a small scale test bench as well, such as steel and brass common to hydraulic applications as well as plastics and rubbers. In order to conduct these investigations a Searle viscometer is presented in this paper. In a Searle viscometer the cylinder is rotating while the cup or pipe remains stationary. Initially this paper gives the necessity for a small scale test bench using experimental results of an existing large scale test rig. Subsequently, the design of a small scale test bench, the Searle viscometer, will be presented along with a method for measuring the charge density. The small scale test bench is based on the work of Washabaugh and is able to generate the necessary information required for using the chemical reaction-based model [3, 4]. The main feature of the chemical reaction based model is the consideration for different material and fluid influences, beyond the scope of viscosity and system geometry.

Impact of Differing Water Contents on Electrostatic Charging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp C. Weishaar ◽  
Tobias Mielke ◽  
Katharina Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hydraulic Fluid ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Electrostatic Discharges ◽  
Electrostatic Charges ◽  
Hydraulic Fluids ◽  
Electrostatic Charging ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Water Contents

Abstract Hydraulic fluids underwent significant changes in their composition in these past years, which led to an increase in poor conductivity. Since well-established standards for specifying a hydraulic fluid, such as ISO 11158, make no mention of the electric conductivity, the awareness for potential complications is low. With some applications electrostatic discharges contribute to a shortened service life of the hydraulic fluid and the filter elements. Recent work on cavitation and its different forms suggest an underestimated impact of the relative humidity on fluid characteristics and the tendency for cavitation. In relation to electrostatic charges, the relative humidity of a fluid is seldom considered. The results presented in this paper offer an initial observation of the effect of relative humidity on electrostatic charging. To this end three hydraulic fluids, satisfying the specifications of an HLP 46, are prepared with three different levels of relative humidity at 20°C. Subsequently the nine samples are tested with a small-scale test bench in order to garner a qualitative comparison of the charging tendency.

scholarly journals Modifikasi alat cakram untuk proses pembelajaran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-188
Author(s):  
Laras Gita Kinanti ◽  
Utvi Hinda Zhannisa ◽  
Tubagus Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Plate Waste ◽  
Education Material ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Student Questionnaire ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Expert Validation

The purpose of this research is to modify a simple disc device for learning physical education. The research method used was the development of Borg & Gall, namely (1) collecting information, (2) developing the initial form (in the form of a disc tool model), (3) expert validation testing, namely using 1 validation of athletic experts and one physical education learning expert, and small-scale trials using questionnaires and analysis, (4) revision of the first product design, based on the results of experts and small-scale trials (20 students), (5) field trials (48 students), (6) final product revision, (7) the final result of the modification produced through revision of field trials.The results of expert validation were carried out by 2 validities, namely validation in the field of athletic experts and validation of physical education material experts, and the results obtained in each validity were the first for the validation results in the field of athletic experts getting a percentage of 87.6% calcification (Good) , the second for the validation results in the field of Physical Education material experts got a percentage of 83.0% with the classification (Good). The results of the student questionnaire on a small scale test got a percentage of 86.6% (good). the results of the questionnaire on large-scale test students got a percentage of 81.8% (good).The conclusion and advice is that the development of a modified model of disc throwing tools with iron plate waste media can be used as an alternative to discus throwing. With the modification of disc throwing, teachers and students can be helped in learning discusses, students are interested and more active and excited in learning throw the disc.

scholarly journals Pengembangan model bermain sepakbola untuk meningkatkan aspek psikologis anak usia 12 -13 tahun di Yogyakarta

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Muna Aprilianto ◽  
Tomoliyus Tomoliyus
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Preliminary Research ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Research Stage

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan buku pedoman bermain sepakbola untuk meningkatkan aspek psikologis (semangat, gembira, dan disiplin) anak usia 12-13 tahun di Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan yang terdiri atas dua tahapan yaitu tahap penelitian pendahuluan terdiri dari kajian literatur, kajian penelitian relevan, studi lapangan dan tahap pengembangan terdiri perencanaan, validasi ahli, uji skala kecil, dan uji skala besar. Peneliti ini mengambil sampel dari sekolah sepakbola di Yogyakarta. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Pada uji coba skala kecil dilakukan di SSB Real Madrid melibatkan 10 siswa dan satu orang pelatih. Pada uji coba skala besar dilakukan di dua tempat yaitu di SSB Real Madrid dan SSB Bina Putra Jaya Sleman melibatkan 38 siswa dan dua pelatih. Analsis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil validasi menunjukkan model bermain sepakbola anak usia 12-13 tahun layak untuk diuji cobakan. Berdasarkan Hasil pelaksanaan pada uji coba skala kecil dan besar secara substansi isi dan pelaksanaan tergolong sangat baik. Hasil penilaian efektivitas model tehadap psikologis anak berupa semangat, gembira, dan disiplin mengalami peningkatan: nilai pertemuan kedua lebih tinggi dari pertemuan pertama. Dapat disimpulkan model bermain sepakbola anak usia 12-13 tahun efektif untuk meningkatkan aspek psikologis berupa semangat, gembira, dan disiplin siswa dalam melakukan latihan sepakbola.Kata Kunci: model, bermain, psikologis, sekolah sepakbola Development a playing soccer model to improve the psychological aspects of 12-13 years old children in Yogyakarta AbstractThis research aims to develop a playing soccer model to improve the psychological aspects (spirit, joy, and discipline) of 12-13 years old children in Yogyakarta. This study is a research and development which consists of two stages. The Preliminary research stage and development stage. The Preliminary research stage consisted of a literature review, relevant research studies and field studies. The Development stage consisted of planning, validation expert, small-scale test, and test large scale. The Validation involve three people experts. The sampel of take it from soccer school in Yogyakarta. The small-scale tryout was conducted on 10 students and one coach of Real Madrid Soccer School in Yogyakarta. The large-scale trials were conducted with two soccer school on 38 students and two coach of Yogyakarta Real Madrid Soccer School and Sleman Bina Putra Jaya Soccer School. The resul is a playing soccer model for children aged 12-13 years with the title "Playing Soccer in Practice to Improve Psychological Aspects". Based on the small-scale tryout and the small-scale tryout content implementation aspects are in an excellent category. The Psychological development of students assessment resulting in the form of passion, joy, and discipline in playing soccer show improvement: score of the second meeting is greater than the average score of the first meeting, thus it can be concluded thaat the playing soccer model for children age 12-13 years is effective to improve students’ psychological aspects, including the aspects of spirit, joy, and discipline in doing soccer practice.Keywords: models, play, psychological, soccer school

Four Points Bending Tests on Large Scale Welded Pipes Containing a Through-Wall Defect: Fatigue and Fracture Analysis

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bourgeois ◽  
T. Le Grasse ◽  
Y. Kayser
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Atomic Energy Commission ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Potential Drop ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Butt Weld ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Fracture Tests

Within the framework of European project STYLE (Structural integrity for lifetime management), fracture tests on two large scale pipes containing a through wall crack have been performed. Two Mock-ups have been tested: MU1 is a narrow gap Inconel Dissimilar Metals, provided and designed by AREVA France, and MU2 is a an austenitic steel butt-weld with a thermally aged weld repair austenitic weld, provided by EDF British Energy. The four-points bending tests were carried out by the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), in order to study the mechanical properties and integrity of component such as welding pipes. A through wall crack was machined in the both pipes. After a fatigue pre-cracking step carried out at RT, the monotonic fracture test was performed (at 300°C on MU1). Optical camera and Electrical Potential Drop Method have allowed following the crack growth during fatigue and final fracture stages. The observations made post-mortem showed ductile tearing of a few millimeters in those pipes. The first part of this paper is devoted to the four-points bending tests. The second part of this paper deals with first numerical analysis related to the Mock-up-1. Previous results concerning the mechanical characterizations of the constitutive materials are discussed. Fracture mechanics small scale specimens are interpreted using FE Analysis to obtain the fracture parameters used in global approaches. First computation is shown on the Mock-up-1 in order to predict the behavior of the large scale test mechanical and fracture behavior.

Comparison of 200 Liter and 40 Milliliter Leach Tests

1982 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Westsik ◽  
C. O. Harvey ◽  
F. P. Roberts ◽  
W. A. Ross ◽  
R. E. Thornhill
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Waste Form ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Matrix Elements ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Leach Test ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Scale Test

ABSTRACTDuring the past year we have conducted a modified MCC-1 leach test on a 145 kg block of a cast cement waste form. The leach vessel was a 200 liter Teflon®-lined drum and contained 97.5 liters of deionized water. The results of this large-scale leach test were compared with the results of standard MCC-1 tests (40 ml) on smaller samples of the same waste form. The ratio of leachate volumes between the large and small scale tests was 2500 and the ratio of sample masses was 150,000. The cast cement samples for both tests contained plutonium-doped incinerator ash.The leachates from these tests were analyzed for both plutonium and the matrix elements. Evaluation of plutonium plateout in the large-scale test indicated that the majority of the plutonium leached from the samples deposits onto vessel walls and little (<3 × 10−12M) remains in solution. Comparison of elemental concentrations in the leachates indicates some differences up to 5X in the concentration in the large- and small-scale tests. The differences are attributed to differences in the solubilities of Ca, Si, and Fe at pH ˜11.5 and at pH ˜12.5. The higher pH observed for the large-scale test is a result of the larger quantities of sodium in the large block of cement.

Impact of Water on the Fatigue Performance of Large-Scale Grouted Connection Tests

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Schaumann ◽  
Alexander Raba ◽  
Anne Bechtel
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Fatigue Performance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Joint Research Project ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
The Impact

Grouted connections represent a common joining technique between substructure and foundation piles of offshore oil & gas platforms as well as of offshore wind turbines. Due to cyclic loads arising from wind and wave actions the fatigue performance of the connection has to be considered. In lattice substructures like jackets the grouted connections are located at seabed level being fully submerged during their entire lifetime. Today’s fatigue design regulations are based on investigations neglecting any influence of the surrounding water since they were conducted in dry ambient conditions. So far, only Germanischer Lloyd gives additional recommendations for submerged grouted connections. At the Institute for Steel Construction, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany investigations of the joint research project ‘GROWup’ focus on the fatigue performance of axially loaded grouted connections. The project is funded by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi, funding sign: 0325290) and is the third project in a row dealing with grouted connections. As part of this research project, cyclic loading tests on small-scale and large-scale grouted connections with shear keys are conducted. Small-scale fatigue tests showed a reduced number of endurable load cycles for connections when tested in wet ambient conditions. However, the transferability of these findings to a larger scale was still doubtful due to unknown scale effects. Therefore, the impact of water on the fatigue performance was tested recently at large-scale grouted connections. Previous to the submerged large-scale grouted connection fatigue tests, similar test specimens were exposed to alternating loads at dry ambient conditions. Comparison of both large-scale test results under wet and dry conditions enable to estimate the influence of water on the fatigue performance of grouted connections. Reflection of the small-scale test results gives hints on the scale effect. Test preparation, test results and design recommendations are presented in the paper.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN PEMBUATAN POLA DASAR BADAN WANITA DENGAN SISTEM DRAPING

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Anggia Sekarini Yosanti
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Validation Process ◽  
Team Theory ◽  
The Media ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Media Learning

Purose of the study to find out the steps to delevlop videomedia making body pattern woman with draping system. Research development using team theory puslijaknov which includes 5 stages namely product analsyis to be developed, develop the intial product, validation exprest and revisions, small scale trials and revisions, large-scale trials and products end. Reserarch instruments use sheet use of media in learning. Techique descriptive analysis. Research result shows the development of video media learning through: product analysis that is requirements for the type of developments. Step observations to reveal the use of the syllabus analysis and analysis of developing media, the intial product is the process of making a video validation process for experst to find out the feasibility of the media, test small scale implementation of learning use video that was revoked 2 observer with good results, large scale test implementation of learning using video which was observed by observers with the results are very good.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Media E-Comic Berbasis Budaya Lokal Kota Malang dalam Pembelajaran Keunikan Daerah Tempat Tinggalku untuk Muatan PPKn Kelas 4 SD

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 676-681
Author(s):  
Rori Rachmadani ◽  
Sutarno Sutarno ◽  
Siti Umayaroh
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Group Trial ◽  
Class Iv

Abstract: This study aims to produce media products in the form of e-comic on PPKN content with the theme of local culture of Malang City, class IV SD semester 2 at SDN Tasikmadu 1 Malang and SDN Tasikmadu 2 Malang which are valid and interesting. This research is a development research, which consists of (1) Analyze, (2) Design, (3) Development, (4) Implementation, (5) Evaluation. The test subjects were fourth grade students at SDN Tasikmadu 1 and SDN Tasikmadu 2 Malang. The small group trial subjects consisted of 10 students and the large group test subjects consisted of 45 students. The results of this study indicate that the developed media received a very valid and very interesting rating, according to experts and users. The results of the small-scale test showed a result of 0.93 which was stated to be very interesting and the large-scale test showed a result of 0.95. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan produk media berupa e-comic pada muatan PPKn bertemakan kebudayaan lokal Kota Malang kelas IV SD semester 2 di SDN Tasikmadu 1 Malang dan SDN Tasikmadu 2 Malang yang valid dan menarik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan, yang terdiri dari (1) Analyze, (2) Design, (3) Development, (4) Implementation, (5) Evaluation. Subjek uji coba adalah siswa kelas IV SDN Tasikmadu 1 dan SDN Tasikmadu 2 Malang. Subjek uji coba kelompok kecil terdiri dari 10 siswa dan subjek uji coba kelompok besar terdiri dari 45 siswa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan media yang dikembangkan ini mendapatkan penilaian yang sangat valid dan sangat menarik, menurut para ahli dan pengguna. Hasil dari uji skala kecil menunjukkan hasil 0,93 yang dinyatakan sangat menarik dan uji skala besar menunjukkan hasil 0,95.

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