A Study of Transient Thermal Spreading of VLSI Packaging With Multi Level Scaling

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Yazawa ◽  
Tenko Yamashita ◽  
Hideaki Kuroda
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Vlsi Chip ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Chip Size ◽  
Transient Thermal ◽  
The Impact

Trend of VLSI chip power consumption sounds switch over from the Moore’s law to more moderate curve by the “multi core processing” paradigm. Many of the recent advanced VLSI chips adopt the multiple processing units since clock enhancement is no longer feasible to gain the expected performance based on realistic range of power consumption. Even though, heat flux may keep increasing by further fine semiconductor process and may keep localizing by further complex logics. In this study, thermal impact of hot spot size relative to chip size or the dimension of heat sink is investigated by analytic modeling as well as numerical analysis. The analytic transient thermal spreading model in a solid with transfer function has already proposed and was validated in our previous work. In this study, we have considered the impact of thermal interface between the heat source and conductive and spreading component to the sink. Thermal response in wide rage of scales is discussed from transistor level to a millimeter scale. Each level of such various sizes can be investigated individually and can be built up with some sort of cascade manner. Based on this model, thermal diffusion in silicon substrate, which has the thermal coupling with spreader and thermal interface, will be discussed for a further fine process generation of the chip. The result implies that passive thermal spreading can be achieving to the limit.

Transient Thermal Performance of Rear Door Heat Exchanger in Local Contained Environment During Water Side Failure

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kourosh Nemati ◽  
Husam A. Alissa ◽  
Mohammad I. Tradat ◽  
Bahgat Sammakia
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Rear Door ◽  
Liquid Systems ◽  
Transient Thermal ◽  
The Impact

The constant increase in data center computational and processing requirements has led to increases in the IT equipment power demand and cooling challenges of high-density (HD) data centers. As a solution to this, the hybrid and liquid systems are widely used as part of HD data centers thermal management solutions. This study presents an experimental based investigation and analysis of the transient thermal performance of a stand-alone server cabinet. The total heat load of the cabinet is controllable remotely and a rear door heat exchanger is attached with controllable water flow rate. The cooling performances of two different failure scenarios are investigated. One is in the water chiller and another is in the water pump for the Rear Door Heat eXchanger (RDHX). In addition, the study reports the impact of each scenario on the IT equipment thermal response and on the cabinet outlet temperature using a mobile temperature and velocity mesh (MTVM) experimental tool. Furthermore, this study also addresses and characterizes the heat exchanger cooling performance during both scenarios.

Electronic packaging cabinets simplified modeling, simulation, and experimental validation for systems engineering

SIMULATION ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 003754972110699
Author(s):  
José V C Vargas ◽  
Sam Yang ◽  
Juan Carlos Ordonez ◽  
Luiz F Rigatti ◽  
Pedro H R Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Electronic Packaging ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Junction Temperature ◽  
Variable Loading ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Impact

A simplified three-dimensional mathematical model for electronic packaging cabinets was derived from physical laws. Tridimensionality resulted from the domain division in volume elements (VEs) with uniform properties, each with one temperature, and empirical and theoretical correlations allowed for modeling their energetic interaction, thus producing ordinary differential equations (ODEs) temperatures versus time system. The cabinet (2048 mm × 1974 mm × 850 mm) thermal response with one heat source was measured. Data set 1 with a 1.6-kW power source was used for model adjustment by solving an inverse problem of parameter estimation (IPPE) having the cabinet internal average air velocities as adjustment parameters. Data set 2 obtained with a 3-kW power source validated model results. The converged mesh had a total of 7500 VE. The steady-state solution took between 16 and 19 s of CPU time to reach convergence and less than 3 min to obtain the 6500-s cabinet dynamic response under variable loading conditions, in an Intel CORE i7 computer. After validation, the model was used to study the impact of heat source height on system thermal response. Fundamentally, a sharp minimum junction temperature Tjct,min = 98.5 °C was obtained in the system hot spot at an optimal heat source height, which was 25.7 °C less than the highest calculated value within the investigated range (0.1 m < zjct < 1.66 m) for the 1.6-kW power setting, which characterizes the novelty of the research, and is worth to be pursued, no matter how complex the actual cabinet design may be.

Estimating OLED Display Device Lifetime from pixel and screen brightness and its application

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémie Gerhardt ◽  
Michael E. Miller ◽  
Hyunjin Yoo ◽  
Tara Akhavan
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Display Device ◽  
Image Processing Algorithm ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
Device Lifetime ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oled Display

In this paper we discuss a model to estimate the power consumption and lifetime (LT) of an OLED display based on its pixel value and the brightness setting of the screen (scbr). This model is used to illustrate the effect of OLED aging on display color characteristics. Model parameters are based on power consumption measurement of a given display for a number of pixel and scbr combinations. OLED LT is often given for the most stressful display operating situation, i.e. white image at maximum scbr, but having the ability to predict the LT for other configurations can be meaningful to estimate the impact and quality of new image processing algorithms. After explaining our model we present a use case to illustrate how we use it to evaluate the impact of an image processing algorithm for brightness adaptation.

On the Impact of Heat Pumps Electric Load on the Power Consumption of Lampedusa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Bonomolo ◽  
Mariano Giuseppe Ippolito ◽  
Giuliana Leone ◽  
Rossano Musca ◽  
Vincenzo Porgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Electric Load ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The malaria burden of Amerindian groups of three Venezuelan states: a descriptive study based on programmatic data

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Gabaldón-Figueira ◽  
Carlos Chaccour ◽  
Jorge Moreno ◽  
Maria Villegas ◽  
Leopoldo Villegas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Malaria Burden ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Fifty-three percent of all cases of malaria in the Americas in 2019 came from Venezuela, where the epidemic is heavily focused south of the Orinoco river, and where most of the country’s Amerindian groups live. Although the disease is known to represent a significant public health problem among these populations, little epidemiological data exists on the subject. This study aims to provide information on malaria incidence, geospatial clustering, and risk factors associated to Plasmodium falciparum infection among these groups. Methods This is a descriptive study based on the analysis of published and unpublished programmatic data collected by Venezuelan health authorities and non-government organizations between 2014 and 2018. The Annual Parasite Index among indigenous groups (API-i) in municipalities of three states (Amazonas, Bolivar, and Sucre) were calculated and compared using the Kruskal Wallis test, risk factors for Plasmodium falciparum infection were identified via binomial logistic regression and maps were constructed to identify clusters of malaria cases among indigenous patients via Moran’s I and Getis-Ord’s hot spot analysis. Results 116,097 cases of malaria in Amerindian groups were registered during the study period. An increasing trend was observed between 2014 and 2016 but reverted in 2018. Malaria incidence remains higher than in 2014 and hot spots were identified in the three states, although more importantly in the south of Bolivar. Most cases (73.3%) were caused by Plasmodium vivax, but the Hoti, Yanomami, and Eñepa indigenous groups presented higher odds for infection with Plasmodium falciparum. Conclusion Malaria cases among Amerindian populations increased between 2014 and 2018 and seem to have a different geographic distribution than those among the general population. These findings suggest that tailored interventions will be necessary to curb the impact of malaria transmission in these groups.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on myocardial infarction care

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Schmitz ◽  
Christa Meisinger ◽  
Inge Kirchberger ◽  
Christian Thilo ◽  
Ute Amann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
German Model ◽  
Model Region ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) care, and to identify underlying stressors in the German model region for complete AMI registration. The analysis was based on data from the population-based KORA Myocardial Infarction Registry located in the region of Augsburg, Germany. All cases of AMI (n = 210) admitted to one of four hospitals in the city of Augsburg or the county of Augsburg from February 10th, 2020, to May 19, 2020, were included. Patients were divided into three groups, namely pre-lockdown, strict lockdown, and attenuated lockdown period. An additional survey was conducted asking the patients for stress and fears in the 4 weeks prior to their AMI. The AMI rate declined by 44% in the strict lockdown period; in the attenuated lockdown period the rate was 17% lower compared to the pre-lockdown period. The downward trend in AMI rates during lockdown was seen in STEMI and NSTEMI patients, and independent of sex and age. The door-to-device time decreased by 70–80% in the lockdown-periods. In the time prior to the infarction, patients felt stressed mainly due to fear of infection with Sars-CoV-2 and less because of the restrictions and consequences of the lockdown. A strict lockdown due to the Covid-19 pandemic had a marked impact on AMI care even in a non-hot-spot region with relatively few cases of COVID-19. Fear of infection with the virus is presumably the main reason for the drop in hospitalizations due to AMI.

scholarly journals Applying Harmonised Geothermal Life Cycle Assessment Guidelines to the Rittershoffen Geothermal Heat Plant

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3820
Author(s):  
Mélanie Douziech ◽  
Lorenzo Tosti ◽  
Nicola Ferrara ◽  
Maria Laura Parisi ◽  
Paula Pérez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Geothermal Systems ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Heat production from a geothermal energy source is gaining increasing attention due to its potential contribution to the decarbonization of the European energy sector. Obtaining representative results of the environmental performances of geothermal systems and comparing them with other renewables is of utmost importance in order to ensure an effective energy transition as targeted by Europe. This work presents the outputs of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) performed on the Rittershoffen geothermal heat plant applying guidelines that were developed within the H2020 GEOENVI project. The production of 1 kWhth from the Rittershoffen heat plant was compared to the heat produced from natural gas in Europe. Geothermal heat production performed better than the average heat production in climate change and resource use, fossil categories. The LCA identified the electricity consumption during the operation and maintenance phase as a hot spot for several impact categories. A prospective scenario analysis was therefore performed to assess the evolution of the environmental performances of the Rittershoffen heat plant associated with the future French electricity mixes. The increase of renewable energy shares in the future French electricity mix caused the impact on specific categories (e.g., land use and mineral and metals resource depletion) to grow over the years. However, an overall reduction of the environmental impacts of the Rittershoffen heat plant was observed.

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