Co-Firing Technology for Buried Resistors

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Yadagiri ◽  
K. K. Goswami ◽  
K. S. Gurumurthy ◽  
Satyam ◽  
K. N. Shankara
Keyword(s):  
Thick Film ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Sequential Processing ◽  
Intermediate Layers ◽  
Firing Technology ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Embedded Resistors ◽  
Made In

The complexity and performance of the electronic components and systems is increasing and placing greater demands on compact packaging and interconnection technologies. Multilayer thick film technology is one of the important technologies adopted in the miniaturization of electronic systems. Normally only interconnections are made in the intermediate layers. The possibility of fabricating resistors along with interconnections in the intermediate layers using conventional thick film materials using co-firing process has been examined in this paper. Normally multilayer structures are fabricated by printing / drying / firing of each layer separately starting from the bottom most layer (sequential processing). In this process the bottom layers undergo sintering many times. To avoid many firing cycles and to save power and processing time, a study is taken up to examine the effects of co-firing on the multilayer structure with embedded resistors. The results of the study are presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Thick-Film Non-Reciprocal Ferrite Elements and Gunn Hybrid Oscillators in Modified Thick-Film Technology

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Janusz J. Gondek ◽  
Jan Koprowski ◽  
Marek A. Wójcicki
Keyword(s):  
Thick Film ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Satisfactory Accuracy ◽  
G 32 ◽  
Gunn Oscillators ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Made In ◽  
Thick Film Technology

In this paper are presented design and performance data on microwave Y–circulators and Gunn oscillators produced in thick-film technology. Y–circulators have been designed for central frequencies of 3, 5, and 10 GHz with a satisfactory accuracy. New Polish made ferrite substrates, G–32, G–84 K, and G–175 have been used.The Gunn oscillator was designed and corrected to the resonant frequencies 3, 5 and 6 GHz based on the integrated package diodes CXYP – 43 A and BXYP – 45 C (made in Poland). The results of the investigations are presented in tabular and graphical form.

Dyslexia, an Imbalance in Cerebral Information-Processing Strategies

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Aaron
Keyword(s):  
Reading Ability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Sequential Processing ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Group A ◽  
Entire Word ◽  
Pattern Of Performance ◽  
Made In

Reading ability seems to involve analytic-sequential processing of selected letters and a holistic-simultaneous perception of the salient features of the entire word. The dyslexic child, being normal in intelligence, is most likely deficient in either one of the two processes while being normal in the other. To test this hypothesis, 28 reading disabled children, on the basis of the nature of errors made in a writing from dictation task, were divided into two groups: analytic-sequential deficient and holistic-simultaneous deficient. Further testing showed that the first group was poor in processing a sequence of digits but normal on holistic-simultaneous memory tasks. The opposite pattern of performance was shown by the second group. A control group of 14 normal readers did not show such an imbalance.

Environmental tests of embedded thin- and thick-film resistors in comparison to chip resistors

Circuit World ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Steplewski ◽  
Andrzej Dziedzic ◽  
Janusz Borecki ◽  
Grazyna Koziol ◽  
Tomasz Serzysko
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thick Film ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Thin Film Resistors ◽  
Embedded Resistors ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of parameters of embedded resistive elements manufacturing process as well as the influence of environmental factors on their electrical resistance. The investigations were made in comparison to the similar constructions of discrete chip resistors assembled to standard printed circuit boards (PCBs). Design/methodology/approach – The investigations were based on the thin-film resistors made of NiP alloy, thick-film resistors made of carbon or carbon-silver inks as well as chip resistors in 0402 and 0603 packages. The polymer thick-film resistive films were screen-printed on the several types finishing materials of contact terminations such as copper, silver, and gold. To determine the sensitivity of embedded resistors versus standard assembled chip resistors on environmental exposure, the climatic chamber was used. The measurements of resistance were carried out periodically during the tests, and after the exposure cycles. Findings – The results show that the change of electrical resistance of embedded resistors, in dependence of construction and base material, is different and mainly not exceed the range of 3 per cent. The achieved results in reference to thin-film resistors are comparable with results for standard chip resistors. However, the results that were obtained for thick-film resistors with Ag and Ni/Au contacts are similar. It was not found the big differences between resistors with and without conformal coating. Research limitations/implications – The studies show that embedded resistors can be used interchangeably with chip resistors. It allows to save the area on the surface of PCB, occupied by these passive elements, for assembly of active elements (ICs) and thus enable to miniaturization of electronic devices. But embedding of passive elements into PCB requires to tackle the effect of each forming process steps on the operational properties. Originality/value – The technique of passive elements embedding into PCB is generally known; however, there are no detailed reports on the impact of individual process steps and environmental conditions on the stability of their electrical resistance. The studies allow to understand the importance of each factor process and the mechanisms of operational properties changes depending on the used materials.

Achievement in School in Relation to Simultaneous and Sequential Cognitive Processes among Young Egyptian Students

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1139-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadia Z. Elwan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Reading Scores ◽  
Sequential Processing ◽  
Simultaneous Synthesis ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reading Decoding

The present study was designed to examine whether a relationship exists between scores on simultaneous and sequential cognitive processes, on one hand, and performance on the Reading Decoding and Arithmetic subtests of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K–ABC), on the other hand, using a sample of 170 Egyptian school children in Grades 1, 3, and 5. To examine the differential magnitudes of the relationship between scores for cognitive processing and school achievement a two by two (simultaneous × sequential) analysis of variance was calculated with reading decoding and arithmetic scores as dependent variables. The results indicated that cognitive processing, especially simultaneous synthesis, is related to arithmetic as well as decoding during reading. Scores on sequential processing were not significantly related to scores for decoding reading and may not be important as simultaneous processing for mathematical skills. The findings were interpreted in the context of the Arabic orthographic system and in view of the nature of the cognitive and mathematical tasks employed in this study.

A Stochastic Approach to Risk Management and Decision Making in Defined Benefit Pension Schemes

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Haberman ◽  
C. Day ◽  
D. Fogarty ◽  
M. Z. Khorasanee ◽  
M. McWhirter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Asset Allocation ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Free Variable ◽  
Defined Benefit ◽  
Contribution Rate ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Allocation Decisions ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACTThe trustees and sponsors of defined benefit schemes rely on the advice of the Scheme Actuary to make important decisions concerning the funding of the scheme, the investment of its assets, and the use of surplus assets to improve benefits. These decisions have to be made in the face of considerable uncertainty about financial and demographic factors that will affect the future experience of the scheme and its success in meeting various objectives.The traditional actuarial valuation combined with actuarial judgement has played an important role in guiding decision making; but we argue that stochastic methods can add value in certain crucial areas, in particular the financial risk management of defined benefit schemes. Rather than dealing with risk by incorporating margins in the valuation basis, a stochastic approach allows the actuary to evaluate specific and quantifiable risk and performance measures for alternative funding and investment strategies.This paper recommends a framework that, when combined with a suitable stochastic model, measures the risks inherent in contribution rate and asset allocation decisions, allowing better decisions to be made. In doing this, we suggest and apply various risk and performance measures that may be thought appropriate, although our intention is to illustrate their use rather than prescribe them as objective standards. The framework provides the means to explore the trade-offs involved in possible contribution and asset allocation decisions, and points to decision strategies expected to give improved outcomes for the same level of risk. A feature of the approach that marks it out from current asset/liability techniques is that it examines the funding and investment decisions together. It does not derive a contribution rate in the traditional way, but leaves this as free variable, in the same way that the investment decision is taken to be a free variable. Another distinctive feature of our framework is that it is based on projection rather than on valuation, involving stochastic simulation of the experience of the scheme over a time horizon reflecting the concerns of the trustees and the sponsoring employer.The paper provides a case study (based on a model final salary pension scheme) showing the advantages of the framework, and goes on to explain how the results may practically be communicated to trustees and scheme sponsors.

scholarly journals The personality trait of behavioral inhibition modulates perceptions of moral character and performance during the trust game: behavioral results and computational modeling

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milen L. Radell ◽  
Rosanna Sanchez ◽  
Noah Weinflash ◽  
Catherine E. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Moral Character ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Partner Characteristics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Entire Amount ◽  
Made In

Decisions based on trust are critical for human social interaction. We judge the trustworthiness of partners in social interactions based on a number of partner characteristics as well as experiences with those partners. These decisions are also influenced by personality. The current study examined how the personality trait of behavioral inhibition, which involves the tendency to avoid or withdraw from novelty in both social and non-social situations, is related to explicit ratings of trustworthiness as well as decisions made in the trust game. In the game, healthy young adults interacted with three fictional partners who were portrayed as trustworthy, untrustworthy or neutral through biographical information. Participants could choose to keep $1 or send $3 of virtual money to a partner. The partner could then choose to send $1.5 back to the participant or to keep the entire amount. On any trial in which the participant chose to send, the partner always reciprocated with 50% probability, irrespective of how that partner was portrayed in the biography. Behavioral inhibition was assessed through a self-report questionnaire. Finally, a reinforcement learning computational model was fit to the behavior of each participant. Self-reported ratings of trust confirmed that all participants, irrespective of behavioral inhibition, perceived differences in the moral character of the three partners (trustworthiness of good > neutral > bad partner). Decisions made in the game showed that inhibited participants tended to trust the neutral partner less than uninhibited participants. In contrast, this was not reflected in the ratings of the neutral partner (either pre- or post-game), indicating a dissociation between ratings of trustworthiness and decisions made by inhibited participants. Computational modeling showed that this was due to lower initial trust of the neutral partner rather than a higher learning rate associated with loss, suggesting an implicit bias against the neutral partner. Overall, the results suggest inhibited individuals may be predisposed to interpret neutral or ambiguous information more negatively which could, at least in part, account for the tendency to avoid unfamiliar people characteristic of behaviorally inhibited temperament, as well as its relationship to anxiety disorders.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemahaman Agama terhadap Kinerja Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiah di Kota Manado

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rivai Bolotio
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Teacher Performance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Religious Understanding ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT, This study aims to examine the influence of religious understanding on the performance of Madrasah Ibtidaiah teachers in Manado City. The method used in this research is correlational quantitative. This research is conducted in Madrasah Ibtidaiah in Manado City with the sample size of 96, selected from 127 teachers using proportional stratified random sampling. Data collection is done by using test and nontest instruments. The test is used to collect data on religious understanding and the nontest is used to collect the data of practice and performance. The collected data are then analyzed using descriptive analysis and path analysis. The results of this study indicate that religious understanding has a positive direct effect on teacher performance. To improve teachers’ performance, the efforts made, in relation to these variables, include improving teachers’ religious understanding by renewing teachers’ religious knowledge by strengthening faith and devotion to God, and increasing selfawareness that obedience and sincerity in applying it are inevitable.Keywords: Religious understanding, performance, teachersPengaruh Pemahaman Agama terhadap Kinerja Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiah di Kota Manado

Printing Characteristics and Performance of Polymer Thick Film Inks for Direct Write Applications

2010 ◽  
pp. 373-376
Author(s):  
Liang Hao ◽  
Sandeep Raja ◽  
Mike Sloan ◽  
Richard Robinson ◽  
Jennifer McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thick Film ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
And Performance

ICT Based Performance Measurement and Benchmarking Methodology

2020 ◽  
pp. 188-196
Author(s):  
Nadja Yang Meng ◽  
Karthikeyan K
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Know How ◽  
Performance Benchmarking ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Made In

Performance benchmarking and performance measurement are the fundamental principles of performance enhancement in the business sector. For businesses to enhance their performance in the modern competitive world, it is fundamental to know how to measure the performance level in business that also incorporates telling how they will performance after a change has been made. In case a business improvement has been made, the performance processes have to be evaluated. Performance measurements are also fundamental in the process of doing comparisons of performance levels between corporations. The best practices within the industry are evaluated by the businesses with desirable levels of the kind of performance measures being conducted. In that regard, it is fundamental if similar businesses applied the same collection of performance metrics. In this paper, the NETIAS performance measurement framework will be applied to accomplish the mission of evaluating performances in business by producing generic collection of performance metrics, which businesses can utilize to compare and measure their organizational activities.

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