Safety Analysis of Liquefied Natural Gas Bunkering and Simultaneous Port Operations for Passenger Ships

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Iannaccone ◽  
Byongug Jeong ◽  
Valerio Cozzani ◽  
Peilin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Port Operations ◽  
Risk Increase ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
Simultaneous Operations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) has been recognized as an effective alternative fuel for marine propulsion, evidently, a growing number of vessels, including passenger ships, is already running on such a fuel. While LNG bunkering can be performed in several ways, depending on transferred volumes and managerial considerations, the time spent for LNG bunkering is regarded to be a key factor to ensure the cost-effectiveness of such operation, since a minimization of bunkering duration at the berth will make port infrastructures available for more vessels. As a result, passenger embarkment is simultaneously conducted with ship bunkering, which may increase the potential risk to individuals both onboard and nearby. Given this background, this paper is to investigate the potential risk of passenger vessels with the identification of credible scenarios for port operations that can be carried out simultaneously with LNG bunkering. An approach of quantitative risk assessment is applied to determine the risk levels pertinent to proposed scenarios. For frequency analysis, the technique of the fault tree analysis is adopted to integrate the influence of human error and management policy to the likelihood of unwanted events. Consequence analysis is conducted in aids of a commercial software to simulate the impact of LNG dispersion and fires. Research findings have shown that simultaneous operations have a negative impact both on frequency and consequence of accidental scenarios arising from LNG bunkering, taking the risk beyond lower acceptance criteria. Finally, a quantification of the risk increase is proposed to help stakeholders identify criticalities and reduce the risk contributions of simultaneous operations.

Safety Analysis of Liquefied Natural Gas Bunkering and Simultaneous Port Operations for Passenger Ships

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Iannaccone ◽  
Byongug Jeong ◽  
Peilin Zhou ◽  
Valerio Cozzani
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Safety Analysis ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Port Operations ◽  
Passenger Ships

The impact of liquefied natural gas and storage on the EU natural gas infrastructure resilience

Energy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 118367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzia Sesini ◽  
Sara Giarola ◽  
Adam D. Hawkes
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Infrastructure Resilience ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
The Eu

Methane Emissions Reduction in Liquefied Natural Gas Off-Loading Process in Refueling Stations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Sharafian ◽  
Paul Blomerus ◽  
Walter Mérida
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Pressure Buildup ◽  
Tanker Truck ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Recent research into methane emissions from the liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply chain has revealed uncertainty in the overall greenhouse gas emissions reduction associated with the use of LNG in heavy-duty vehicles. Methane is the main component of natural gas and a potent greenhouse gas. This study investigates the impact of five methods used to offload LNG from a tanker truck to an LNG refueling station and estimate the amount of fugitive methane emissions. The LNG offloading process time, and the final pressures of the tanker truck and refueling station are considered to evaluate the performance of the LNG offloading methods. The modeling results show that the LNG transfer by using a pressure buildup unit has a limited operating range and can increase methane emissions by 10.4% of LNG offloaded from the tanker truck. The results indicate that the LNG transfer by using a pump and an auxiliary pressure buildup unit without vapor return provides the shortest fuel offloading time with the lowest risk of venting methane to the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Semi-analytical models of hydroelastic sloshing impact in tanks of liquefied natural gas vessels

2011 ◽  
Vol 369 (1947) ◽  
pp. 2920-2941 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ten ◽  
Š. Malenica ◽  
A. Korobkin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Hydrodynamic Models ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Structural Part ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Violent Sloshing

The present paper deals with the methods for the evaluation of the hydroelastic interactions that appear during the violent sloshing impacts inside the tanks of liquefied natural gas carriers. The complexity of both the fluid flow and the structural behaviour (containment system and ship structure) does not allow for a fully consistent direct approach according to the present state of the art. Several simplifications are thus necessary in order to isolate the most dominant physical aspects and to treat them properly. In this paper, choice was made of semi-analytical modelling for the hydrodynamic part and finite-element modelling for the structural part. Depending on the impact type, different hydrodynamic models are proposed, and the basic principles of hydroelastic coupling are clearly described and validated with respect to the accuracy and convergence of the numerical results.

FEATURES OF CURRENT ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT OF GLOBAL LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS MARKET

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
A. A. SHCHEGOLKOVA ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Natural Gas Market ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
The Impact

The subject of this article is the economic environment of the global liquefied natural gas (LNG) market. The article assesses the development trends in the global liquefied natural gas market, identifies the key driving forces of the global LNG market, analyzes the existing contractual models in the global LNG market. The study uses a general scientific methodology that provides for a systematic, comprehensive approach to assessing the current economic situation in the global LNG market. A significant array of statistical data and factual material on the global LNG market was analyzed, the results of the research were obtained using statistical methods of economic analysis. As a result, the author conducted an analysis of the trends in the global LNG market, which made it possible to identify the key driving forces behind changes in market dynamics. The dynamics and structure of the global LNG market for the period 2015–2019 have been investigated. An assessment of Russia's position in the global LNG market is given. The impact of the "coronacrisis" on the global LNG market has been studied. The development and prospects of large-scale gas projects of the main LNG exporting countries are shown, the influence of the price environment on the implementation of LNG projects is investigated. It is revealed that geopolitical factors have become decisive in the formation of the world energy policy. The possible impact of the legislative expansion of the resource base of the Arctic territories on the growth of production and export of Russian LNG has been determined. It is concluded that the strategic goal of Russia's energy geopolitics is to modernize the existing export model of LNG for the long term. Modernization of the existing energy export strategy will strengthen the country's competitive position in the global LNG market, thereby becoming the basis for Russia's regional presence in the Arctic, where the main increase in LNG capacity is expected.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence Applied to Evaluate Emissions and Energy Consumption in Commuter Railways: Comparison of Liquefied Natural Gas as an Alternative Fuel to Diesel

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7112
Author(s):  
Pablo Luque ◽  
Daniel A. Mántaras ◽  
Luciano Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Railway Traction ◽  
Common Effort ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pilot Tests

At present, there is a common effort to reduce the environmental effect of energy consumption. With this objective, the transportation sector seeks to improve emissions in all its modes. In particular, the rail transport industry is analysing various alternatives for non-electrified lines. These services are mainly carried out with diesel units. As an alternative to diesel fuel, in the present study the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in railway traction was analysed. A predictive model was developed and implemented in order to estimate the emissions impact of this fuel on different rail routes or networks. The model was fitted with real data obtained from pilot tests. In these tests, a train with two engines, one diesel and the other LNG, was used. The methodology was applied to evaluate the impact on consumption and emissions of the two fuels on a narrow-gauge commuter line. An improvement was observed in some indicators, while in others there was no clear progress. The conclusions that can be drawn are that CO2 (greenhouse gas) operating emissions are lower in the LNG engine than in the diesel line; CO emissions are lower in the diesel engine and emissions of other pollutants (nitrogen oxide and particles) are higher in the diesel engine by several orders of magnitude.

scholarly journals Liquefied Natural Gas in Mobile Applications—Opportunities and Challenges

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5673
Author(s):  
Tomasz Banaszkiewicz ◽  
Maciej Chorowski ◽  
Wojciech Gizicki ◽  
Artur Jedrusyna ◽  
Jakub Kielar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Marine Fuel ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
The Impact

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is one of the most influential fuels of the 21st century, especially in terms of the global economy. The demand for LNG is forecasted to reach 400 million tonnes by 2020, increasing up to 500 million tonnes in 2030. Due to its high mass and volumetric energy density, LNG is the perfect fuel for long-distance transport, as well as for use in mobile applications. It is also characterized by low levels of emissions, which is why it has been officially approved for use as a marine fuel in Emission Control Areas (ECAs) where stricter controls have been established to minimize the airborne emissions produced by ships. LNG is also an emerging fuel in heavy road and rail transport. As a cryogenic fuel that is characterized by a boiling temperature of about 120 K (−153 °C), LNG requires the special construction of cryogenic mobile installations to fulfill conflicting requirements, such as a robust mechanical construction and a low number of heat leaks to colder parts of the system under high safety standards. This paper provides a profound review of LNG applications in waterborne and land transport. Exemplary constructions of LNG engine supply systems are presented and discussed from the mechanical and thermodynamic points of view. Physical exergy recovery during LNG regasification is analyzed, and different methods of the process are both analytically and experimentally compared. The issues that surround two-phase flows and phase change processes in LNG regasification and recondensation are addressed, and technical solutions for boil-off gas recondensation are proposed. The paper also looks at the problems surrounding LNG installation data acquisition and control systems, concluding with a discussion of the impact of LNG technologies on future trends in low-emission transport.

scholarly journals Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Assessment Method for Fire Safety Accident in Liquefied Natural Gas Storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cao Jiye
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Personal Risk ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Filling Station ◽  
Safety Accident

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) has the characteristics of low temperature, volatile, flammable and explosive, and its safety issues are being highlighted. The probability and consequences of accident were quantitatively analyzed in combination with the possibility of LNG filling station pump or pipeline spillage. The DEGADIS and LNGFire3 models were used to determine the consequences of the accident. Based on the injury criterion data provided by relevant literature, the article concludes that the personal risk value derived from personal injury level and mortality rate, when compared with personal risk standards of United Kingdom, Netherlands and other countries and institutions, the personal risk value is much lower than the standard limit value, and shows the rationality of establishing 5kW/m2 as the safety distance from critical thermal radiation intensity.

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