Using Computer Simulations to Aid the Analysis of Fluid Contaminations During Cement Plug Placement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Hu Dai ◽  
Liang He
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Fluid Level ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Wellbore Integrity ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Cement Plug

Abstract Setting a cement plug on the target zone either creates a solid seal to stop fluid movement or provides a kick-off point for sidetrack drilling operations. Successfully placing cement plugs is one of most critical steps to ensure trouble free completion, reduce the risk of loss of circulation, isolate pressure zones and enhance wellbore integrity. The traditional method is to pump all the fluids until each fluid level is equal to that inside the string. The limitation to this method is that the fluid could be contaminated once the string is pulled out of the hole, due to variable fluid densities, as well as wellbore and work string sizes. Thus, the volume of spacers pumped ahead and behind the cement and the volume of displacement are critical to the quality of the cement plug. A computer program is developed to model the displacement hydraulics of fluids and simulate fluids contamination during pulling pipe out of hole. The computer modeling aids in optimizing the pumping schedule to ensure balanced slurry and spacer levels after POOH (Pull out of the hole), minimizing contamination within the cement slurry and spacer, ultimately, reducing the risk of loss of circulation and enhancing wellbore integrity.

Challenging Horizontal Well Abandoned with Innovative Plug Setting Technique and Tailored Slurry Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Simmadorai ◽  
M Syafiq M Ariffin ◽  
Mayank Patil ◽  
David Franke ◽  
Aizat Noh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Well ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Horizontal Section ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Open Hole ◽  
Bottom Hole Assembly ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Cement Plug

Abstract Setting multiple plugs across a horizontal well can be a challenge. One way to do this is using the "pump and pull" methodology to achieve the objectives set out by the project team. Tailoring of the cement slurries and the execution of cementing operations for the successful deployment of multiple cement plugs using this method to achieve a dependable barrier across a horizontal reservoir section will be reviewed and discussed. A development well in Malaysia lost a bottom hole assembly (BHA) in their 8.5" hole section. This resulted in the requirement to abandon a long horizontal section along with the requirement to spot a 2,100 ft continuous cement plug on top of the BHA to abandon the well. The main challenge for setting a cement plug across a horizontal section, is cement slumping and stuck pipe, which might result in repeating cement plug jobs or non-productive time having a negative impact on well economics. To achieve isolation objectives in the first attempt, this long continual plug was broken up amongst four smaller individual plugs "stacked" on top of each other. The first 3 plugs were designed to each be 600 ft in length followed by a 340 ft plug. To avoid cement slumping, a cement support tool was deployed above the BHA before the first plug in the horizontal section. The first three plugs were placed in the horizontal open hole section and the fourth plug was placed at an inclination of 75 degrees, all using the "pump and pull" method. The pump and pull method is a common practice for worker operations with coil tubing and this similar technique can be applied in ERD drilling operations to aid in the homogeneous and accurate placement of cement plugs. However, for this job, the pump and pull placement method was preferred to aid in the homogenous and accurate placement of cement slurry through the horizontal open hole section. Detailed job calculations, the slurry design which was tailored for this application along with detailed operational procedures which resulted in the successful placement of all plugs on the first attempt under challenging well conditions will all be discussed. The approach utilized here resulted in the successful placement of a 2,100 ft continuous plug which isolated the BHA and saved the project valuable rig time. Similar approaches can be used in other areas to achieve successful results in first attempts to help well economics.

BIM-Based Quality Control for Safety Issues in the Design and Construction Phases

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seunghwa Park ◽  
Inhan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Building Information Modeling ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Building Safety

Today’s buildings are getting larger and more complex. As a result, the traditional method of manually checking the design of a building is no longer efficient since such a process is time-consuming and laborious. It is becoming increasingly important to establish and automate processes for checking the quality of buildings. By automatically checking whether buildings satisfy requirements, Building Information Modeling (BIM) allows for rapid decision-making and evaluation. In this context, the work presented here focuses on resolving building safety issues via a proposed BIM-based quality checking process. Through the use case studies, the efficiency and usability of the devised strategy is evaluated. This research can be beneficial in promoting the efficient use of BIM-based communication and collaboration among the project party concerned for improving safety management. In addition, the work presented here has the potential to expand research efforts in BIM-based quality checking processes.

Solidifying Mud Cake to Improve Cementing Quality of Shale Gas Well: A Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Gu ◽  
Ju Huang ◽  
Su Zhang ◽  
Xinzhong Hu ◽  
Hangxiang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
Calcium Silicate Hydrate ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Gas Well ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Mud Cake ◽  
Gas Bearing

The purpose of this study is to improve the cementing quality of shale gas well by mud cake solidification, as well as to provide the better annular isolation for its hydraulic fracturing development. Based on the self-established experimental method and API RP 10, the effects of mud cake solidifiers on the shear strength at cement-interlayer interface (SSCFI) were evaluated. After curing for 3, 7, 15 and 30 days, SSCFI was remarkably improved by 629.03%, 222.37%, 241.43% and 273.33%, respectively, compared with the original technology. Moreover, the compatibility among the mud cake solidifier, cement slurry, drilling fluid and prepad fluid meets the safety requirements for cementing operation. An application example in a shale gas well (Yuanye HF-1) was also presented. The high quality ratio of cementing quality is 93.49% of the whole well section, while the unqualified ratio of adjacent well (Yuanba 9) is 84.46%. Moreover, the cementing quality of six gas-bearing reservoirs is high. This paper also discussed the mechanism of mud cake solidification. The reactions among H3AlO42- and H3SiO4- from alkali-dissolved reaction, Na+ and H3SiO4- in the mud cake solidifiers, and Ca2+ and OH- from cement slurry form the natrolite and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) with different silicate-calcium ratio. Based on these, SSCFI and cementing quality were improved.

scholarly journals Evaluating Alternative Flight Plans in Thermal Drone Wildlife Surveys—Simulation Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1102
Author(s):  
Julia Witczuk ◽  
Stanisław Pagacz
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Survey Costs ◽  
Random Survey ◽  
Density Population

The rapidly developing technology of unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) extends to the availability of aerial surveys for wildlife research and management. However, regulations limiting drone operations to visual line of sight (VLOS) seriously affect the design of surveys, as flight paths must be concentrated within small sampling blocks. Such a design is inferior to spatially unrestricted randomized designs available if operations beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) are allowed. We used computer simulations to assess whether the VLOS rule affects the accuracy and precision of wildlife density estimates derived from drone collected data. We tested two alternative flight plans (VLOS vs. BVLOS) in simulated surveys of low-, medium- and high-density populations of a hypothetical ungulate species with three levels of effort (one to three repetitions). The population density was estimated using the ratio estimate and distance sampling method. The observed differences in the accuracy and precision of estimates from the VLOS and BVLOS surveys were relatively small and negligible. Only in the case of the low-density population (2 ind./100 ha) surveyed once was the VLOS design inferior to BVLOS, delivering biased and less precise estimates. These results show that while the VLOS regulations complicate survey logistics and interfere with random survey design, the quality of derived estimates does not have to be compromised. We advise testing alternative survey variants with the aid of computer simulations to achieve reliable estimates while minimizing survey costs.

scholarly journals Effect of different accellerators and inoculums used in fermentation on quality of dead chicken silage flour as feed ingredient for catfish

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bakrie ◽  
Y. Sastro ◽  
N. R. Sudolar
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Fermented Product ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Better Than

This research aimed at investigating the effect using molasses and cornmeal as additives with Lactobacillus sp. and Streptomyces sp. as inoculums during fermentation on the quality of silage flour made from dead chickens. The study was conducted using a completely randomized factorial design, consisting of 2 factors with 5 replications. The materials used were the newly dead chickens which were chopped and mixed thoroughly with all ingredients; then transferred into a 5 liters plastic box for fermentation. Observations were made after 3 weeks fermentation, including: a) physical characteristics, b) microbial contents, and c) nutritional contents. The data were calculated using variance analysis utilizing computer program of SPSS version 21.0. It was found that based on the protein contents the Lactobacillus sp. (19.0%) was better than the Streptomyces sp. (17.8%) if combined with molasses and corn meal as the accelerators. However, the fat contents produced were relatively similar for both of the inoculums (mean of 37.8%). It can be concluded that in order to obtain a best fermented product in terms of the protein and fat content, the dead chicken should be fermented using molasses and cornmeal as the accelerator and Lactobacillus sp. as the inoculum.

Pull-out bond strength and flexural load test of concrete beam with ethylene-vinyl acetate–modified cement slurry-coated rebar

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 2130-2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngkug Jo ◽  
Jeongyun Do
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Concrete Beam ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Flexural Loading ◽  
Early Strength

A study has been conducted on a bond strength test of ethylene-vinyl acetate–modified ultra-high early strength cement slurry–coated rebar embedded in concrete and did a flexural loading test with the aim to verifying the feasibility of early strength cement slurry–coated rebar as a replacement for epoxy-coated rebar. Pull-out bond properties of the early strength cement slurry–coated rebar embedded in concrete with a 28-day compressive strength of 27 MPa depending on the coating thicknesses, curing ages, and polymer–cement ratios were experimentally investigated and mutually compared with two respective references consisting of a plain steel rebar and an epoxy-coated one. The effects of the uncoated, early strength cement slurry–coated, or epoxy-coated rebar embedded in a concrete beam with dimensions of 250, 350, and 3000 mm for the depth, height, and length, respectively, on the flexural loading capacity were investigated. From the results of this study, it was concluded that the early strength cement slurry–coated rebar with a coating thickness of 100 µm, and a curing time of 7 days could be competitive enough to replace epoxy-coated rebar based on the bond strength and flexural loading test results.

scholarly journals Satisfaction with Quality of Life in Patients with Minimum Cicatricial Damage of the Face and Neck

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Iaremenko ◽  
E. Isaeva ◽  
T. Kolegova ◽  
E. Sitkina ◽  
Yu. Vasilieva
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
The Face

Satisfaction with quality of life and self-attitude in patients operated by «traditional» (conventional surgical methods) and endoscopically assisted methods are considered in the article. Differences in the quality of life in patients, self-attitude to ones appearance are described. 65 patients were surgically operated and examined. Control group – patients operated by «traditional» techniques (35 patients), the average age of patients was 38 ± 11,1 years. The comparison group – patients operated using endoscopically assisted methods (30 patients), the average age of patients was 44 ± 17,7 years. Psychodiagnostic methods: 1. N. E. Vodopyanova`s scale of life quality; 2. The Short Form-36; 3. S.R. Panteleev`s Assessment of self-relationship. Complaints of paresthesia and pain experienced by patients who underwent a “traditional” operation were revealed as a result of the examination. Operated on with an endoscopically assisted method patients did not present any complaints. Differences between the assessment of the life quality and self-relationship in examined groups were found. Operated on with an endoscopically assisted method patients evaluated life quality, satisfaction with their appearance and physical condition higher than patients operated on with a “traditional” method.

scholarly journals PENGARUH DIAMETER PIRINGAN DAN ELASTISITAS KARET PENGUPAS TERHADAP KINERJA ALAT PENGUPAS LADA TIPE PIRINGAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
TATANG HIDAYAT ◽  
RISFAHERI RISFAHERI
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Condition ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Rubber Elasticity ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Main Experiment ◽  
Disc Diameter ◽  
White Pepper ◽  
Good Function ◽  
Medicinal Crops

To produce while pepper using traditional method, the ripe berries are soaked in a river or a pond for 10-14 days prior to decorticating. To improve the traditional method. Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops has designed pepper decorticator to support the white pepper processing. This decorticator has a good function, hut its performance still need to be improved, as it still produces high percentage of white pepper damage. This experiment was aimed to at improving (he performance of the pepper decorticator. The experiment was conducted from July to Ocktobcr 1999 and divided into two steps i.e. preliminary and main experiment. The treatments applied on Ihe main experiment were (I) disc diameter (18, 20, and 22 cm) and (2) rubber elasticity (5.34, 7.74, 9.79, and 15.02 N/mm). The experiment was designed as a completely randomized, arranged factorially in three replications. The pepper variety used for the experiment was Lampung Daun Lebar. The disc distance of pepper decorticator in this experiment was set at 3.5 cm based on the preliminary experiment. Results showed that the optimal disc diameter and nibber elasticity was 20 cm and 7.74 N/mm respectively. Decorticator performance on the optimal condition were : decorticated pepper 97.25%, white pepper damage as pepper defect 2.46% and as broken pepper 1.98% respectively and the capacity of decorticator was 42.27 kg/hours. In general, the quality of while pepper produced met the National Standard of Indonesia.

scholarly journals The quality of contemporary records made by handwriting. Comparative analysis over the period of nineteen years

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Iwona Zieniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
The Future

Handwriting is a method to express and preserve thoughts by means of graphic signs. In the investigative and judicial practice, it is treated as an individual creation used for identification purposes in case of doubts over the authenticity of a written record. Nowadays, however, writing by hand is not the only way of conveying information, which results in moving away from this traditional method in favour of modern solutions. In the future, this tendency may limit the possibility to identify the author of a record on the basis of a handwritten record. Therefore, the purpose of this publication is to check whether contemporary handwritings show any signs of deterioration in the quality of handwritten records.

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