Economic Impact of Current SIF, Flexibility, Inspection and Manufacturing Changes As They Relate to the B31 Piping Codes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony W. Paulin ◽  
Glynn E. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
System Life ◽  
Interruption Costs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Simple Screening ◽  
Business Interruption

Abstract Research shows how the impact of inaccurate fatigue calculations (SIFs), poor quality materials and manufacturing shortcuts will eventually result in pipe content leaks that will cause significant business interruption costs and potentially casualties in a very small population of operating piping systems. B31J-2017 corrects many of these inaccurate SIFs but has been slow to be implemented by the piping user community because failures due to thermal overstresses occur much closer to the end of the piping system life than the beginning. Fortunately for the owner this leaves time to correct for any errors once they have been recognized. Relatively simple screening is described that allows the owner and designer to identify the relatively small population of piping systems that should be addressed.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Vibration Control of Suspended Piping System by Single-Sided Pounding Tuned Mass Damper

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Tan ◽  
Siu Michael Ho ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Jinwei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Free Vibration ◽  
Forced Vibration ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tuned Mass Damper ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Mass Damper ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
The Impact

Suspended piping systems often suffer from severe damages when subjected to seismic excitation. Due to the high flexibility of the piping systems, reducing their displacement is important for the prevention of damage during times of disaster. A solution to protecting piping systems during heavy excitation is the use of the emerging pounding tuned mass damper (PTMD) technology. In particular, the single-sided PTMD combines the advantages of the tuned mass damper (TMD) and the impact damper, including the benefits of a simple design and rapid, efficient energy dissipation. In this paper, two single-sided PTMDs (spring steel-type PTMD and simple pendulum-type PTMD) were designed and fabricated. The dampers were tested and compared with the traditional TMD for mitigating free vibration and forced vibration. In the free vibration experiment, both PTMDs suppressed vibrations much faster than the TMD. For the forced vibration test, the frequency response of the piping system was obtained for three conditions: without control, with TMD control, and with PTMD control. These novel results demonstrate that the single-sided PTMD is a cost-effective method for efficiently and passively mitigating the vibration of suspended piping systems. Thus, the single-sided PTMD will be an important tool for increasing the resilience of structures as well as for improving the safety of their occupants.

Computer Piping Analysis, ASME B31.3 Appendix S: Example S3 — Moment Reversal

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Axial Stress ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Stress Range ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Process Piping ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Operating Stress ◽  
The Impact

The American Standards Association (ASA) B31.3-1959 Petroleum Refinery Piping Code [1] grew out of an ASA document that addressed all manner of fluid conveying piping systems. ASA B31.3 was created long before widespread engineering use of computer “mainframes” or even before the inception of piping stress analysis software. From its inception until recent times, the B31.3 Process Piping Code [2] (hereafter referred to as the “Code”) has remained ambiguous in several areas. This paper describes some of these subtle concepts that are included in the Code 2006 Edition for Appendix S Example S3. This paper discusses: • the effect of moment reversal in determining the largest Displacement Stress Range, • the impact of the average axial stress caused by displacement strains on the Example S3 piping system and the augmenting of the Code Eq. (17) thereto, • a brief comparison of Example S3 results to that of the operating stress range evaluated in accordance with the 2006 Code Appendix P Alternative Requirements.

Remaining Life of High-Energy Piping Systems Using Equivalent Stress

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Equivalent Stress ◽  
Creep Damage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Flexibility Analysis ◽  
Multiaxial Stress State ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
System Life ◽  
American Society

Fossil power plant high-energy piping systems operated at high temperatures are subject to creep damage, which is a time-dependent phenomenon. Traditional guidelines, such as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) B31.1 Power Piping Code, were developed for plants having design lives in the 25–30 yr regime. Since many of these systems are being operated beyond 200,000 hr, it is important to reconsider the methodology of creep damage analysis to assure reliable long-term operation. Seven high-energy piping systems were evaluated in this study. The analysis of a minimum piping system life due to creep considered two approaches. The first approach used the traditional ASME B31.1 flexibility analysis guidelines. The second approach considered more detailed multiaxial stress state types of evaluations. The various equivalent stress methods used all six load components from the flexibility analysis. In nearly every case, the equivalent stress methods predicted significantly higher stresses. Consequently, the equivalent stress methodology results in 14 to 97 percent lower time to rupture values as compared to the values predicted using ASME B31.1 stresses.

scholarly journals Stress and stability analysis of steel piping systems in the petroleum industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Justin Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dimensional Specification ◽  
Petroleum Plant

This study aims to reach a level of proficiency on the available technical theories to assess steel pressure piping systems and the identification of potential risks of failure. The research focuses mainly on piping systems in the petroleum industry. The importance of this study is based on the risk reduction of petroleum plant downtime and the harming of life as a result of piping failures. The apparent need for piping systems stress analysis was a result of the many failures that occurred at Indy Oil’s petroleum plant. The recent acquisition of the petroleum plant under the GUD Holdings group brought along minimum engineering experience with regards to piping systems. GUD’s inhouse engineering teams executed the many plant expansion and upgrade projects. A common industry perception is that piping systems are basic and do not require much attention. These misconceptions are a result of many piping failures in the industry. The failures that occurred called for a thorough investigation of all equipment setups and piping installations at Indy Oil. Specific failure identifications at the petroleum plant were done. The research and analysis of piping systems stress analysis were performed to aid in understanding the cause of these failures. Fluid dynamics, as a major contributor to stress and strain state in pipes, is the object of much attention. The dimensional specification and layout optimization of a piping system is highly dependent on the internal piping pressure. Studies, developments, and prediction analysis on the impact of sustained and thermal loads are reviewed to understand the numerical and analytical techniques available which enables the analysis of various piping systems. A risk- informed approach is applied that incorporates various design criteria, as well as, failure contributors in piping systems. At first, each component and failure mode is determined separately. Thereafter, the instances of simultaneous loading and increased risk of failure in piping systems have been determined. The available literature is used to source necessary data, as well as, compare the obtained results with those available in the literature. Government statutory requirements are used as a basis in the design process. Material specifications and engineering quality is controlled by these governing standards. The application of this study is done by the design and analysis of a piping system for Indy Oil’s Tank Farm. Piping systems failures as a result of improper design raised importance for a thorough stress analysis at the Petrochemical site. The calculations of stress-strain contributions are done using theoretical methods, as well as, computer software programs. The piping system is analysed on various conditions according to the process requirements of the Plant. Various load cases were developed to account for simultaneous loadings. The expected result of the system is for stress contributions to not exceed the maximum allowable stresses. CAESAR II software is selected as the most suitable for the analysis. The simulation is done on each pipe element and demonstrates a three-dimensional analysis. The results of the study were used to determine the failure modes of previously installed piping systems and to create a design guide for all future piping systems projects.

The Impact of Missing and Error-Prone Auxiliary Information on Sparse-Matrix Sub-Population Parameter Estimates

Methodology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Rutkowski ◽  
Yan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Sparse Matrix ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Auxiliary Information ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Population Parameter ◽  
Conditioning Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Given a consistent interest in comparing achievement across sub-populations in international assessments such as TIMSS, PIRLS, and PISA, it is critical that sub-population achievement is estimated reliably and with sufficient precision. As such, we systematically examine the limitations to current estimation methods used by these programs. Using a simulation study along with empirical results from the 2007 cycle of TIMSS, we show that a combination of missing and misclassified data in the conditioning model induces biases in sub-population achievement estimates, the magnitude and degree to which can be readily explained by data quality. Importantly, estimated biases in sub-population achievement are limited to the conditioning variable with poor-quality data while other sub-population achievement estimates are unaffected. Findings are generally in line with theory on missing and error-prone covariates. The current research adds to a small body of literature that has noted some of the limitations to sub-population estimation.

The Impact of a Potential Public/Private Initiative on a Defined Region of the South Suburban Chicago Metropolitan Area

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-32
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Market Area ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

The university is considered one of the engines of growth in a local economy or its market area, since its direct contributions consist of 1) employment of faculty and staff, 2) services to students, and supply chain links vendors, all of which define the University’s Market area. Indirect contributions consist of those agents associated with the university in terms of community and civic events. Each of these activities represent economic benefits to their host communities and can be classified as the economic impact a university has on its local economy and whose spatial market area includes each of the above agents. In addition are the critical links to the University, which can be considered part of its Demand and Supply chain. This paper contributes to the field of Public/Private Impact Analysis, which is used to substantiate the social and economic benefits of cooperating for economic resources. We use Census data on Output of Goods and Services, Labor Income on Salaries, Wages and Benefits, Indirect State and Local Taxes, Property Tax Revenue, Population, and Inter-Industry to measure economic impact (Implan, 2016).

Impact of Tourist Arrivals on Revenue Generation In Jammu and Kashmir

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-185
Author(s):  
Rayees Ahmad Wani ◽  
Dr. Ishrat Khan ◽  
Maqsoodah Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Revenue Generation ◽  
Policy Perspective ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
State Present ◽  
The Impact

The present study examined the impact of tourist arrivals on revenue generation. The results revealed that tourist arrivals accounts 51 per cent variation in revenue generation. Jammu and Kashmir State has a tremendous potential to become a major global tourist destination. Importance of tourism in J&K economy is known for decades now and its role in economic development has been an area of great interest from policy perspective. The tourism is being the key contributor in the economic development of J&K state. To understand the economic impact of tourism in the J&K state, present paper uses secondary sources of data and tries to examine the economic development such as tourist inflow, revenue generation.

Impact of an Amaranth-Sorghum Grains Product on Nutrient Intake of Children Aged 6-23 Months in Kiandutu Slums, Thika, Kenya

10.37512/700 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Composite Flour ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Sorghum Flour ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

Poor quality complementary foods contribute to undernutrition in children aged 6-23 months. Therefore, there is need to explore foods that will provide adequate nutrients for this age group. This study aimed at determining the impact of a sorghum-amaranth composite flour porridge on nutrient intake of children aged 6-23 months. A randomized controlled trial was conducted at Kiandutu slum, Thika, Kenya. Children in the control group (CG), received a maize-sorghum flour while those in the treatment group (TG) received an amaranth-sorghum flour. The sample size per study group was 73 mother-child pairs. The children in the TG received Kcal 1000 worth of porridge/day while those in the CG received Kcal 266.8/day. Mothers of children in both groups were given nutrition education at baseline, and monthly, for six months. Food intake data was taken at baseline, then monthly for six months. Descriptive statistics were used to describe nutrient intake. Chi square and Mann Whitney U test were was used to compare the baseline characteristics of the two groups and their nutrient intake, respectively. At baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar. On a monthly basis, nutrient intake in the TG was significantly higher for a majority of the nutrients than in the CG. The product can contribute to preventing under-nutrition in children aged 6-23 months.

scholarly journals Sustainable Tourism, Economic Growth and Employment—The Case of the Wine Routes of Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7164
Author(s):  
Guillermo Vázquez Vicente ◽  
Victor Martín Barroso ◽  
Francisco José Blanco Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Wine Tourism ◽  
Development Tool ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Tourism has become a priority in national and regional development policies and is considered a source of economic growth, particularly in rural areas. Nowadays, wine tourism is an important form of tourism and has become a local development tool for rural areas. Regional tourism development studies based on wine tourism have a long history in several countries such as the US and Australia, but are more recent in Europe. Although Spain is a leading country in the tourism industry, with an enormous wine-growing tradition, the literature examining the economic impact of wine tourism in Spanish economy is scarce. In an attempt to fill this gap, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of wine tourism on economic growth and employment in Spain. More specifically, by applying panel data techniques, we study the economic impact of tourism in nine Spanish wine routes in the period from 2008 to 2018. Our results suggest that tourism in these wine routes had a positive effect on economic growth. However, we do not find clear evidence of a positive effect on employment generation.

R&D Heterogeneity and the Impact of R&D Subsidies*

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigurd M⊘lster Galaasen ◽  
Alfonso Irarrazabal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Schumpeterian Growth ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Investment Growth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
D Investment ◽  
Model Fits

Abstract This paper studies the determinants of R&D heterogeneity and the economic impact of R&D subsidies. We estimate a Schumpeterian growth model featuring firms with heterogeneous innovation efficiencies. The model fits well the R&D investment distribution, and the frequency and relative size of R&D performers. Using the model we study the impact of a Norwegian R&D reform targeting firms with R&D spending below a certain threshold. The size-dependent subsidy increases aggregate R&D investment by 11.7%, but reduces growth and welfare. In contrast, a uniform subsidy stimulates investment, growth and welfare.

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