Adhesion and Friction on the Nanometer Scale: Energy Dissipation During Sliding of Antimony Islands on Graphite and MoS2

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udo D. Schwarz ◽  
Claudia Ritter ◽  
Markus Heyde ◽  
Klaus Rademann
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Low Dissipation ◽  
Frictional Forces ◽  
Direct Proportionality

Antimony nanoparticles grown on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and molybdenum disulfide were used as a model system to investigate the contact area dependence of frictional forces. Controlled translation of the antimony nanoparticles was induced by the action of the oscillating tip in a dynamic force microscope. During manipulation, the power dissipated due to tip-sample interactions was recorded. We found that the threshold value of the power dissipation needed for translation depends linearly on the contact area between the antimony particles and the substrate. Assuming a linear relationship between dissipated power and frictional forces implies a direct proportionality between friction and contact area. Particles smaller than 10000 nm2, however, were found to show dissipation close to zero. To explain the observed behavior, we suggest that structural lubricity might be the reason for the low dissipation in the small particles, while elastic multistabilities might dominate energy dissipation in the larger particles.

Algorithms for Dynamic Hardness Measurements by Scratch Testing in the Submicron and Nanometer Scale

2013 ◽  
Vol 853 ◽  
pp. 619-624
Author(s):  
Natalia Lvova ◽  
K. Kravchuk ◽  
I. Shirokov
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Scanning Probe Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Scratch Testing ◽  
Dynamic Hardness ◽  
Probe Microscopy ◽  
Parameters Analysis

The automatic scratch geometrical parameters analysis algorithms based on the images obtained by scanning probe microscopy have been developed. We provide a description of the technique to determine the contact area and the scratch volume with and without account of the pile-ups. The developed algorithms are applied to measure the dynamic hardness by sclerometry on the submicron and nanometer scale.

scholarly journals Correlation between Buoyancy Flux, Dissipation and Potential Vorticity in Rotating Stratified Turbulence

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Duane Rosenberg ◽  
Annick Pouquet ◽  
Raffaele Marino
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Potential Vorticity ◽  
Isotropic Turbulence ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Buoyancy Flux ◽  
Turbulent Regime ◽  
Stratified Turbulence ◽  
Low Dissipation ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear

We study in this paper the correlation between the buoyancy flux, the efficiency of energy dissipation and the linear and nonlinear components of potential vorticity, PV, a point-wise invariant of the Boussinesq equations, contrasting the three identified regimes of rotating stratified turbulence, namely wave-dominated, wave–eddy interactions and eddy-dominated. After recalling some of the main novel features of these flows compared to homogeneous isotropic turbulence, we specifically analyze three direct numerical simulations in the absence of forcing and performed on grids of 10243 points, one in each of these physical regimes. We focus in particular on the link between the point-wise buoyancy flux and the amount of kinetic energy dissipation and of linear and nonlinear PV. For flows dominated by waves, we find that the highest joint probability is for minimal kinetic energy dissipation (compared to the buoyancy flux), low dissipation efficiency and low nonlinear PV, whereas for flows dominated by nonlinear eddies, the highest correlation between dissipation and buoyancy flux occurs for weak flux and high localized nonlinear PV. We also show that the nonlinear potential vorticity is strongly correlated with high dissipation efficiency in the turbulent regime, corresponding to intermittent events, as observed in the atmosphere and oceans.

scholarly journals Different directional energy dissipation of heterogeneous polymers in bimodal atomic force microscopy

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (47) ◽  
pp. 27464-27474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinfeng Tan ◽  
Dan Guo ◽  
Jianbin Luo
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Force Detection ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Nanomechanical Properties ◽  
Powerful Technique ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Nanoscale Imaging ◽  
Heterogeneous Polymers

Dynamic force microscopy (DFM) has become a multifunctional and powerful technique for the study of the micro–nanoscale imaging and force detection, especially in the compositional and nanomechanical properties of polymers.

scholarly journals Symmetric stacked fast binary counters based on reversible logic

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2747
Author(s):  
C Santhi ◽  
Dr. Moparthy Gurunadha Babu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Circuit Design ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Digital Circuit ◽  
Information Loss ◽  
Reversible Logic ◽  
Binary Counter ◽  
Reversible Logic Gates

A Symmetric Stacked Fast Binary counter design is proposed in this paper. In the circuit design, the first phase is occupied by 3-bit stacking circuits, which are further followed by combining circuits. The resultant novel circuit thus becomes a 6-bit stacker. A 6:3 counter has been chosen as an example to demonstrate the working of the proposed circuit. The proposed circuit is further implemented by using reversible logic gates. Heat dissipation is a major problem in the designing of a digital circuit. Rolf Landauer has proved that the information loss in a digital circuit is directly proportional to the energy dissipation. The proposed modified Symmetric Stacking counter is implemented using reversible logic gates thus reducing the power dissipation of the circuit. 

Junction Growth and Energy Dissipation at the Very Early Stage of Elastic-Plastic Spherical Contact Fretting

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ovcharenko ◽  
I. Etsion
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Friction Force ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Relative Displacement ◽  
Elastic Plastic ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Elastic Perfectly Plastic

The contact area, friction force, and relative displacement evolution at the very early stage of fretting are investigated experimentally. Copper and steel spheres of various diameters are loaded against a hard sapphire flat by a range of normal loads deep into the elastic-plastic regime of deformation. A reciprocating tangential loading is then applied with a maximum loading below the static friction to avoid gross slip. Real-time and in situ direct measurements of the contact area, along with accurate measurements of the friction force and relative displacement, reveal substantial junction growth and energy dissipation mainly in the first loading cycle. The so-called “slip amplitude” is found to be attributed to residual tangential plastic deformation rather than to interfacial slip. Elastic shake-down is observed for the 2.5% hardening steel spheres while plastic shake-down is observed in the case of the elastic perfectly-plastic copper spheres.

Translation Motion and Dynamic Analysis of Ancient Architecture

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Tie Cheng Wang ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Hai Long Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Free Vibration ◽  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Vibration Period ◽  
Translation Motion ◽  
Energy Dissipation Capacity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Jacking Force ◽  
The Temple

Reasonable formula of jacking force and scientific dynamic analysis has an important contribution to guide the building monolithic moving Engineering. In this paper, take the temple as an example to study building monolithic movement. It is shown in the analysis results of SAP2000 that the mortise-tenon joints (in the wooden structure) has a significant influence in improving the energy dissipation capacity, prolonging the structural free vibration period,minimizing the dynamic response of structure. The acceleration of all the joints tends to be in consistent under the dynamic force effect. The structure has enough safety capacity within the right displacement margin for joints.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Adiabatic Vedic Multipliers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1429-1435
Author(s):  
Srilakshmi Kaza, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Basic Operation ◽  
Smart Systems ◽  
Ic Manufacturing ◽  
Vedic Multiplier ◽  
Technology Nodes ◽  
Important Design

Energy dissipation and reliability are the two important design constraints in the high performance processor design. With the advancements in the IC manufacturing and reduced feature sizes the energy dissipation increases in exponential manner at the lower technology nodes. So, there is a need to design energy-efficient and reliable circuits and systems. The reliability with temperature is also one of the major challenges in today’s smart systems as they are operated in harsh environments. Most of the works till date analyzed the reliability with respect to DC constraints. The basic operation in the high performance Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is the multiplication is used to simplify various operations like convolution, filtering and correlation. In this work, a Vedic multiplier with 4x4 size is implemented with FinFET based energy recovery Modified PFAL (MPFAL) logic at 45 nm technology node. The designed multiplier performance is analyzed and compared with our earlier work in terms of energy dissipation and delay. The results indicate a reduction of 55% in energy dissipation over ECRL based Vedic multiplier. Linear variation of power dissipation with temperature in the order of pW shows that design MPFAL Vedic muliplier is more reliable compared to CMOS multiplier.

scholarly journals Boundary layer friction of solvate ionic liquids as a function of potential

2017 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 311-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Li ◽  
Mark W. Rutland ◽  
Masayoshi Watanabe ◽  
Rob Atkin
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Cation Layer ◽  
Layer Composition

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to investigate the potential dependent boundary layer friction at solvate ionic liquid (SIL)–highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and SIL–Au(111) interfaces. Friction trace and retrace loops of lithium tetraglyme bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (Li(G4) TFSI) at HOPG present clearer stick-slip events at negative potentials than at positive potentials, indicating that a Li+ cation layer adsorbed to the HOPG lattice at negative potentials which enhances stick-slip events. The boundary layer friction data for Li(G4) TFSI shows that at HOPG, friction forces at all potentials are low. The TFSI− anion rich boundary layer at positive potentials is more lubricating than the Li+ cation rich boundary layer at negative potentials. These results suggest that boundary layers at all potentials are smooth and energy is predominantly dissipated via stick-slip events. In contrast, friction at Au(111) for Li(G4) TFSI is significantly higher at positive potentials than at negative potentials, which is comparable to that at HOPG at the same potential. The similarity of boundary layer friction at negatively charged HOPG and Au(111) surfaces indicates that the boundary layer compositions are similar and rich in Li+ cations for both surfaces at negative potentials. However, at Au(111), the TFSI− rich boundary layer is less lubricating than the Li+ rich boundary layer, which implies that anion reorientations rather than stick-slip events are the predominant energy dissipation pathways. This is confirmed by the boundary friction of Li(G4) NO3 at Au(111), which shows similar friction to Li(G4) TFSI at negative potentials due to the same cation rich boundary layer composition, but even higher friction at positive potentials, due to higher energy dissipation in the NO3− rich boundary layer.

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