Photobiomodulation in Bone: Studies in vitro, in vivo, and Clinical Applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Freire ◽  
Cleber Ferraresi ◽  
Michael R. Hamblin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Applications

scholarly journals Lentiviral Vectors for Delivery of Gene-Editing Systems Based on CRISPR/Cas: Current State and Perspectives

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1288
Author(s):  
Wendy Dong ◽  
Boris Kantor
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Lentiviral Vector ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Base Editing ◽  
Epigenome Editing ◽  
Vector Systems ◽  
Dividing Cells

CRISPR/Cas technology has revolutionized the fields of the genome- and epigenome-editing by supplying unparalleled control over genomic sequences and expression. Lentiviral vector (LV) systems are one of the main delivery vehicles for the CRISPR/Cas systems due to (i) its ability to carry bulky and complex transgenes and (ii) sustain robust and long-term expression in a broad range of dividing and non-dividing cells in vitro and in vivo. It is thus reasonable that substantial effort has been allocated towards the development of the improved and optimized LV systems for effective and accurate gene-to-cell transfer of CRISPR/Cas tools. The main effort on that end has been put towards the improvement and optimization of the vector’s expression, development of integrase-deficient lentiviral vector (IDLV), aiming to minimize the risk of oncogenicity, toxicity, and pathogenicity, and enhancing manufacturing protocols for clinical applications required large-scale production. In this review, we will devote attention to (i) the basic biology of lentiviruses, and (ii) recent advances in the development of safer and more efficient CRISPR/Cas vector systems towards their use in preclinical and clinical applications. In addition, we will discuss in detail the recent progress in the repurposing of CRISPR/Cas systems related to base-editing and prime-editing applications.

Hybrid Chitosan Membranes Tested in Sheep for Guided Tissue Regeneration

2007 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1265-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.P. Cortez ◽  
Yuki Shirosaki ◽  
C.M. Botelho ◽  
M.J. Simões ◽  
F. Gartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chitosan Membranes

Previous in vitro studies confirmed an improved cytocompatibility of chitosan-silicate hybrid membranes over chitosan membranes. The main goal of this study was to assess the in vivo histocompatibility of both membranes through subcutaneous implantations at different time periods, 1 week, 1, 2 and 3 months, using a sheep model. Chitosan membranes elicited an exuberant inflammatory response and were consequently rejected. The hybrid chitosan membranes were not rejected and the degree of inflammatory response decreased gradually until the third month of implantation. Histological evaluation also showed that these membranes can be resorbed in vivo. This study demonstrates that the incorporation of silicate into the chitosan solution improves its histocompatibility, indicating that the hybrid chitosan-silicate membranes are suitable candidates to be used in clinical applications.

Differences in Chemical Component and Anticancer Activity of Green and Ripe Forsythiae Fructus

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (07) ◽  
pp. 1513-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaolin Bao ◽  
Ren-Bo Ding ◽  
Yeer Liang ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Clear Separation ◽  
Marker Compounds

Forsythiae Fructus, Lianqiao in Chinese, is one of the most fundamental herbs in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Both green Forsythia (GF) and ripe Forsythia (RF) are referred to Forsythiae Fructus in medicinal applications. In most cases, they are used without distinction. In this study, a metabolomics approach was performed to compare componential differences of two Forsythiae Fructus aqueous extracts subtypes. Principal component analysis (PCA) score plots from the UPLC-MS data showed clear separation between the two subtypes, indicating there are significant differences in the chemical components between GF and RF. Meanwhile, the anticancer activity of them was also compared. GF exhibited much stronger antitumor activity than RF against B16-F10 murine melanoma both in vitro and in vivo. 15 chemical compounds were identified as specific markers for distinguishing GF and RF. Among these marker compounds, forsythoside I, forsythoside A, forsythoside E and pinoresinol were demonstrated to be key important active compounds that account for the different anticancer efficacies of GF and RF. Our data suggest that GF and RF should be distinctively used in clinical applications, particularly in the anticancer formulas, in which GF should be preferentially prescribed.

scholarly journals Aloe vera: An Ancient Herb for Modern Dentistry—A Literature Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arbaz Sajjad ◽  
Samia Subhani Sajjad
Keyword(s):  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Aphthous Ulcers ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Dental Diseases

Objectives. To review composition, actions, and clinical applications of Aloe vera plant in dentistry and to establish its effectiveness as an invaluable adjunct in the treatment of dental diseases. Method. A manual and electronic literature (MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar) search was performed up to July 2013 for in vitro and in vivo studies and research presenting clinical, microbiological, immunological, and patient-centered data to validate the efficacy of Aloe vera gel in dentistry. A total of 38 titles, abstracts, and full-text studies were selected and reviewed. Aloe vera has various medicinal properties like anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and antitumor which accelerates wound healing and helps in treating various lesions in oral cavity. Benefits associated with Aloe vera have been attributed to the polysaccharides contained in the gel of the leaves. Conclusion. The pharmacological attributes of Aloe vera have been revalidated in modern sciences through various in vivo and in vitro studies. The herb has immense potential as a dental therapeutic. Even though Aloe vera is a promising herb with various clinical applications in medicine and dentistry, more clinical research needs to be undertaken especially to validate and explain the action of acemannan hydrogel in accelerating the healing of aphthous ulcers and to validate the efficacy of Aloe gel on plaque and gingivitis, so that it can be established in the field of dentistry.

scholarly journals Manufacturing and Banking Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Veterinary Clinical Application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huina Luo ◽  
Dongsheng Li ◽  
Zhisheng Chen ◽  
Bingyun Wang ◽  
Shengfeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Normal Karyotype ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Safety And Efficacy

Abstract BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have generated a great amount of interest in recent years as a novel therapeutic application for improving the quality of pet life and helping them free from painful conditions and diseases. It has now become critical to address the challenges related to the safety and efficacy of MSCs expanded in vitro. In this study, we establish a standardized process for manufacture of canine adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs), including tissue sourcing, cell isolation and culture, cryopreservation, thawing and expansion, quality control and testing, and evaluate the safety and efficacy of those cells for clinical applications. RESULTS: After expansion, the viability of AD-MSCs manufactured under our standardized process was above 90 %. Expression of surface markers and differentiation potential was consistent with ISCT standards. Sterility, mycoplasma, and endotoxin tests were consistently negative. AD-MSCs presented normal karyotype, and did not form in vivo tumors. No adverse events were noted in two cases treated with intravenously AD-MSCs. CONCLUSION: Herein we demonstrated the establishment of a feasible bioprocess for manufacturing and banking canine AD-MSCs for veterinary clinical use.

scholarly journals Development of Arteannuin B Sustained-Release Microspheres for Anti-Tumor Therapy by Integrated Experimental and Molecular Modeling Approaches

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1236
Author(s):  
Yanqing Wang ◽  
Weijuan Huang ◽  
Nannan Wang ◽  
Defang Ouyang ◽  
Lifeng Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Dynamics Modeling ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Modeling ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity ◽  
Sustained Release Microspheres

Arteannuin B (AB) has been found to demonstrate obvious anti-tumor activity. However, AB is not available for clinical use due to its very low solubility and very short half-life. This study aimed to develop AB long sustained-release microspheres (ABMs) to improve the feasibility of clinical applications. Firstly, AB-polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres were prepared by a single emulsification method. In vitro characterization studies showed that ABMs had a low burst release and stable in vitro release for up to one week. The particle size of microspheres was 69.10 μm (D50). The drug loading is 37.8%, and the encapsulation rate is 85%. Moreover, molecular dynamics modeling was firstly used to simulate the preparation process of microspheres, which clearly indicated the molecular image of microspheres and provided in-depth insights for understanding several key preparation parameters. Next, in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) study was carried out to evaluate its sustained release effect in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Subsequently, the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method with human lung cancer cells (A549) was used to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of ABMs, which showed the IC50 of ABMs (3.82 μM) to be lower than that of AB (16.03 μM) at day four. Finally, in vivo anti-tumor activity and basic toxicity studies were performed on BALB/c nude mice by subcutaneous injection once a week, four times in total. The relative tumor proliferation rate T/C of AMBs was lower than 40% and lasted for 21 days after administration. The organ index, organ staining, and tumor cell staining indicated the excellent safety of ABMs than Cis-platinum. In summary, the ABMs were successfully developed and evaluated with a low burst release and a stable release within a week. Molecular dynamics modeling was firstly applied to investigate the molecular mechanism of the microsphere preparation. Moreover, the ABMs possess excellent in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity and low toxicity, showing great potential for clinical applications.

scholarly journals Metabolomics - the stethoscope for the 21st century

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hutan Ashrafian ◽  
Viknesh Sounderajah ◽  
Robert Glen ◽  
Timothy Ebbels ◽  
Benjamin J. Blaise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Profiling ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Potential Applications

Metabolomics offers systematic identification and quantification of all metabolic products from the human body. This field could provide clinicians with new sets of diagnostic biomarkers for disease states in addition to quantifying treatment response to medications at an individualised level. This literature review aims to highlight the technology underpinning metabolic profiling, identify potential applications of metabolomics in clinical practice and discuss the translational challenges that the field faces. We searched PubMed, Medline and Embase for primary and secondary research articles regarding clinical applications of metabolomics. Metabolic profiling can be performed using mass spectrometry and NMR based techniques using a variety of biological samples. This is carried out in vivo or in vitro following careful sample collection, preparation and analysis. The potential clinical applications constitute disruptive innovations in their respective specialities, particularly oncology and metabolic medicine. Outstanding issues currently preventing widespread clinical use centre around scalability of data interpretation, standardisation of sample handling practice and e-infrastructure. Routine utilisation of metabolomics at a patient and population level will constitute an integral part of future healthcare provision.

Quantitative Lung Ultrasound: Technical Aspects and Clinical Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Mongodi ◽  
Daniele De Luca ◽  
Andrea Colombo ◽  
Andrea Stella ◽  
Erminio Santangelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Critical Care Units ◽  
Medical Wards ◽  
Opening Up

Lung ultrasound is increasingly used in emergency departments, medical wards, and critical care units—adult, pediatric, and neonatal. In vitro and in vivo studies show that the number and type of artifacts visualized change with lung density. This has led to the idea of a quantitative lung ultrasound approach, opening up new prospects for use not only as a diagnostic but also as a monitoring tool. Consequently, the multiple scoring systems proposed in the last few years have different technical approaches and specific clinical indications, adaptable for more or less time-dependent patients. However, multiple scoring systems may generate confusion among physicians aiming at introducing lung ultrasound in their clinical practice. This review describes the various lung ultrasound scoring systems and aims to clarify their use in different settings, focusing on technical aspects, validation with reference techniques, and clinical applications.

Sodium 3-mercaptopropanesulphonate substituted phthalocyanine: Synthesis, photophysical properties, in vitro and in vivo PDT efficacy

2020 ◽  
pp. A-E
Author(s):  
Mack Biyiklioglu
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cremophor El ◽  
Photochemical Properties

A new sulfonic zinc(II) phthalocyanine bearing sodium 3-mercaptopropanesulphonate (Pc) was synthesized and characterized, as to its photophysical and photochemical properties, in vitro and in vivo. Pc remain non-aggregated in [Formula: see text],[Formula: see text]-dimethylformamide and in water containing 0.1% Cremophor EL, with high singlet oxygen efficacy. In vitro studies showed that the IC[Formula: see text] value of Pc on HepG2 cells was 1.3 [Formula: see text]M. In addition, in vivo studies showed that Pc mainly accumulated in tumor sites and showed an obvious PDT effect, and ca.97% of tumor growth was inhibited. Therefore, the Pc could be applied as a very promising photosensitizer for PDT in future clinical applications.

MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION AND TISSUE VIABILITY IN VIVO: FROM ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS TO CLINICAL APPLICATIONS. FORTY YEARS OF FRUITFUL COLLABORATION WITH BRITTON CHANCE

2011 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 337-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
AVRAHAM MAYEVSKY
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Britton Chance ◽  
Major Interest

The involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in many pathophysiological conditions and human diseases is well documented. In order to evaluate mitochondrial function in vitro, many experimental systems have been developed. Nevertheless the number of in vivo monitoring systems for the evaluation of mitochondrial activities in intact animals and patients is relatively limited. The pioneering development of the conceptual and technological aspects of mitochondrial monitoring, in vitro and in vivo, was done by the late Prof. Britton Chance (July 24, 1913–November 16, 2010) since the early 1950s. It was my privilege to join his laboratory in 1972 and collaborate with him for almost four decades. The main achievements of our collaboration are presented in this paper. Our activities included cycles of technology development, followed by its applications to study various pathophysiological conditions. In the initial stage, the first fiber-optic–based NADH fluorometer was developed. This device enabled us to monitor various organs in anesthetized animals as well as the brain of nonanesthetized small animals. Later on, the addition of various physiological parameters to NADH monitoring enabled us to correlate mitochondrial function with other cellular functions. The application of the developed technology to clinical situations was a major interest of Prof. Chance and indeed this goal was achieved in the last decade. As of today, the basic tool for NADH monitoring and the large database of results are available for large-scale experimental and clinical applications.

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