The Relationship Between Maximal Strength and Reactive Strength

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Beattie ◽  
Brian P. Carson ◽  
Mark Lyons ◽  
Ian C. Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Maximum Strength ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Stretch Shortening Cycle ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sporting Performance

Maximum- and reactive-strength qualities both have important roles in athletic movements and sporting performance. Very little research has investigated the relationship between maximum strength and reactive strength. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between maximum-strength (isometric midthigh-pull peak force [IMTP PF]) and reactive-strength (drop-jump reactive-strength index [DJ-RSI]) variables at 0.3-m, 0.4-m, 0.5-m, and 0.6-m box heights. A secondary aim was to investigate the between- and within-group differences in reactive-strength characteristics between relatively stronger athletes (n = 11) and weaker athletes (n = 11). Forty-five college athletes across various sports were recruited to participate in the study (age, 23.7 ± 4.0 y; mass, 87.5 ± 16.1 kg; height, 1.80 ± 0.08 m). Pearson correlation results showed that there was a moderate association (r = .302–.431) between maximum-strength variables (absolute, relative, and allometric scaled PF) and RSI at 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 m (P ≤ .05). In addition, 2-tailed independent-samples t tests showed that the RSIs for relatively stronger athletes (49.59 ± 2.57 N/kg) were significantly larger than those of weaker athletes (33.06 ± 2.76 N/kg) at 0.4 m (Cohen d = 1.02), 0.5 m (d = 1.21), and 0.6 m (d = 1.39) (P ≤ .05). Weaker athletes also demonstrated significant decrements in RSI as eccentric stretch loads increased at 0.3-m through 0.6-m box heights, whereas stronger athletes were able to maintain their reactive-strength ability. This research highlights that in specific sporting scenarios, when there are high eccentric stretch loads and fast stretch-shortening-cycle demands, athletes’ reactive-strength ability may be dictated by their relative maximal strength, specifically eccentric strength.

Interrelationship between specific high-intensity intermittent efforts ability with aerobic capacity and slow stretch-shortening cycle utilization in taekwondo athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Alex Ojeda-Aravena ◽  
Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela ◽  
Pablo Valdés-Badilla ◽  
Eduardo Baez-San Martín ◽  
José Zapata-Bastías ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Stretch Shortening Cycle ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shuttle Run

BACKGROUND: Repeat high-intensity intermittent efforts is a taekwondo-specific ability but the influence of aerobic capacity and dynamic strength characteristics on this ability has received relatively little attention in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between specific high-intensity intermittent efforts with aerobic capacity and slow stretch-shortening cycle utilization in taekwondo athletes. METHODS: Nineteen taekwondo male athletes were assessed by squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), 20-meter shuttle run (20MSR), and frequency speed of kick test multiple (FSKTMULT). From the FSKTMULT, total kicks and kick decrement index [KDI] were calculated. Additionally, from both jump tests, the slow stretch-shortening cycle utilization (Slow SSC Utilization) was determined from the eccentric utilization ratio [EUR], pre-stretch augmentation [PSA], and reactive strength index [RSI]. RESULTS: There were positive and significant correlations between total kicks with 20MSR (r= 0.85; p= 0.00) and SJ (r= 0.66; p< 0.05). The multiple regression model demonstrated that total kicks where significantly influenced by 20MSR (R2= 71%; p= 0.00). Additionally, only EUR and RSI explained total kicks performance to a greater proportion (R2= 76%). CONCLUSIONS: The FSKTMULT total kicks performance is positively correlated and influenced by aerobic capacity and slow SSC utilization.

scholarly journals Is There a Relationship between the Morphology of Connective Tissue and Reactivity during a Drop Jump? Influence of Sex and Athletic Performance Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1969
Author(s):  
Alberto Rubio-Peirotén ◽  
Felipe García-Pinillos ◽  
Diego Jaén-Carrillo ◽  
Antonio Cartón-Llorente ◽  
Luis E. Roche-Seruendo
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tissue Morphology ◽  
The Relationship

The influence of the morphologic characteristics of connective tissue, which plays an essential role during sports activities, on sporting tasks needs further research given the controversial findings reported in the literature. This study aimed at examining the relationship between lower limb connective tissue morphology and drop jump reactivity and determining the influence of sex and athletic performance level. A total of 30 men and 14 women, runners, executed 6 drop jumps (3 × 20 cm and 30 cm height respectively) and their thickness and cross-sectional area were recorded for Achilles and patellar tendons and plantar fascia. No significant results were found in the relationship between the morphology of the connective tissue and reactivity strength index for both sexes. Significant sex differences were found, while women showed greater values (p < 0.005) for Achilles tendon and plantar fascia; men showed greater values for reactivity strength index and drop jump performance (p < 0.001). The present study shows a limited relationship between connective tissue morphology and drop jump reactivity. Additionally, women showed greater normalized values for Achilles tendon and plantar fascia, and men showed greater reactivity strength index and jumping performance values. No relationships between athletic performance level and connective tissue were found.

scholarly journals The Relationship between strength and academic performance: A new reason to promote physical activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Peña ◽  
C Yanez ◽  
C Gomez ◽  
W Martin ◽  
C Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Maximum Strength ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Experimental studies have determined that higher strength values are associated with more efficient cognitive function and better academic performance. In spite of this, the universities in Colombia are decreasing the time available for physical activity in favour of increasing the time devoted to theoretical subjects. This is one of the reasons why in Colombia, only 18% of young people complied with the world recommendations of physical activity. To examine this problem, the objective of this research was to establish the relationship between strength and academic performance in university students. Methods A cross-sectional study was developed in 135 (21.8 ± 4.5 yr; 78.69 ± 9.1kg) students of the fifth semester of the Areandina University in Bogota, Colombia. Each participant developed incremental protocols to determine the maximum weight that he or she could move in six different exercises: squat in smith machine, leg press, leg extension, bench press, pull down and military press. The average of the results of these tests was taken as the value of maximum strength. To determine academic performance, the average of the scores accumulated in the five semesters of their university studies was evaluated. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to find the linear relationship between strength and academic performance. Results Overall, 70.3 % of the participants were men and 29.7% were women. The results of the maximum strength tests were significantly higher in the male group than in the female group (P &lt; 0.05). Academic performance was similar in both genders (P &gt; 0.05). A positive correlation was established between maximum strength and academic performance. (r = 0.64 P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions The conclusion of this research was that there is a significant relationship between strength and academic performance. These results are fundamental to justify the inclusion of spaces for the promotion of physical activity in public and private universities. Key messages Universities are institutions that only focus on academic training and generate contexts in which sedentary behaviours are promoted. Sedentary lifestyles are a public health problem in Colombia.

scholarly journals Influence of linear-sprint performance, concentric power and maximum strength on change of direction performance in elite youth soccer players

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Kadlubowski ◽  
Michael Keiner ◽  
Tobias Stefer ◽  
Andreas Kapsecker ◽  
Hagen Hartmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Maximum Strength ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractChange of direction (COD) performance has an essential role in soccer. In the literature, there is a wide range of explained variance in correlation analyses between linear-sprint performance, concentric power and maximum strength and COD performance. Therefore this study has (1) analyzed the influence of linear-sprint performance, concentric power and maximum strength on COD performance in elite youth soccer players and (2) compared the calculated influence on the different COD tests. To answer the research questions, 67 elite youth soccer players were tested. The linear-sprint (10 m, [LS]) performance, concentric power (squat jump [SJ]) and maximum strength (1 repetition maximum [1 RM]) and COD (measured via the Illinois agility test [IAT], the 505 agility test [505], the agility test of the German Soccer Association [GewT], and the triangle test [TriT]) were assessed. The Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship. Benjamini and Hochberg’s method, which was used to control the study-wise false discovery rate, was 0.05. The LS performance had the greatest impact on COD performance with a wide range of explained variance between the different COD tests (r2 = 0.18 to 0.39). However, SJ compared to LS performance had lower influence, but also a wide range of explained variance (r2 = −0.02 to −0.29). Correlations for 1 RM and COD test were calculated with r2 = −0.01 to −0.09. Thus, (1) the greater the similarity between the performance tests (i.e., LS, SJ, 1 RM) and the COD tests, the higher the explained variance between the variables in question. Furthermore, (2) as the different COD tests are affected to different degrees by linear-sprint, concentric power and maximum strength performance, it might be concluded that the tests have a different physiological requirement profile. Therefore, coaches and sport scientists must review and select different tests with logical validity, based on the requirement profiles of soccer.

Investigation and Interpretation of Maximal and Reactive Strength Index Characteristics of 16-17 Age Group Basketball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3190-3195
Author(s):  
Sinan Kara ◽  
Merve Özal ◽  
Mehmet Özal
Keyword(s):  
Test Method ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Ratio Measurement ◽  
Index Measurement ◽  
Explosive Force ◽  
The Relationship

Aim: The aim of the study was determined as the examination of the reactive strength index parameter, which shows the maximal strength and explosive force characteristics of 16-17 age group basketball players determined by isometric test. Method: The basketball branch Xage = 16.50 ± 0.51 years, XHeight = 177.22 ± 8,56 cm, XBW= 73.14 ± 12,43 kg, XBMI= 23.26 ± 3,46 kg / m2, and XBFP = 14.72 ± 5.67% of which 32 are men. In the study, the measurements of the height of the participants were made with Holtain brand stadiometer, body weight and fat percentage ratio measurement with Tanita BC 418 MA, reactive strength index measurement with Opto Jump Next, and maximal strength measurement with Baseline brand leg dynamometers. Pearson test was used to determine the relationship between branch-specific MS and RSI. Results: According to the correlation results, no significant relationship was found between MS and RSI (p>0.05). Conclusions: As a result, it has been determined that basketball players between the ages of 16-17 do less quality work on developing MS and explosive force. Keywords: Basketball, Maximal Strength, Reactive Strength İndex.

Exploring the Potential Impact of Sentence-Level Comprehension and Sentence-Level Fluency on Deaf Students' Passage Comprehension

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 2281-2292
Author(s):  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Xinchun Wu ◽  
Hongjun Chen ◽  
Peng Sun ◽  
Ruibo Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Deaf Students ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
Mediating Mechanisms ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This exploratory study aimed to investigate the potential impact of sentence-level comprehension and sentence-level fluency on passage comprehension of deaf students in elementary school. Method A total of 159 deaf students, 65 students ( M age = 13.46 years) in Grades 3 and 4 and 94 students ( M age = 14.95 years) in Grades 5 and 6, were assessed for nonverbal intelligence, vocabulary knowledge, sentence-level comprehension, sentence-level fluency, and passage comprehension. Group differences were examined using t tests, whereas the predictive and mediating mechanisms were examined using regression modeling. Results The regression analyses showed that the effect of sentence-level comprehension on passage comprehension was not significant, whereas sentence-level fluency was an independent predictor in Grades 3–4. Sentence-level comprehension and fluency contributed significant variance to passage comprehension in Grades 5–6. Sentence-level fluency fully mediated the influence of sentence-level comprehension on passage comprehension in Grades 3–4, playing a partial mediating role in Grades 5–6. Conclusions The relative contributions of sentence-level comprehension and fluency to deaf students' passage comprehension varied, and sentence-level fluency mediated the relationship between sentence-level comprehension and passage comprehension.

Reliability of the Minimum Masking Level as Outcome Variable in Tinnitus Clinical Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Mancini ◽  
Richard S. Tyler ◽  
Hyung Jin Jun ◽  
Tang-Chuan Wang ◽  
Helena Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Minimum Intensity

Purpose The minimum masking level (MML) is the minimum intensity of a stimulus required to just totally mask the tinnitus. Treatments aimed at reducing the tinnitus itself should attempt to measure the magnitude of the tinnitus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the MML. Method Sample consisted of 59 tinnitus patients who reported stable tinnitus. We obtained MML measures on two visits, separated by about 2–3 weeks. We used two noise types: speech-shaped noise and high-frequency emphasis noise. We also investigated the relationship between the MML and tinnitus loudness estimates and the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ). Results There were differences across the different noise types. The within-session standard deviation averaged across subjects varied between 1.3 and 1.8 dB. Across the two sessions, the Pearson correlation coefficients, range was r = .84. There was a weak relationship between the dB SL MML and loudness, and between the MML and the THQ. A moderate correlation ( r = .44) was found between the THQ and loudness estimates. Conclusions We conclude that the dB SL MML can be a reliable estimate of tinnitus magnitude, with expected standard deviations in trained subjects of about 1.5 dB. It appears that the dB SL MML and loudness estimates are not closely related.

Prophets and Profits of Racial Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruha Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Racial Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

In this response to Terence Keel and John Hartigan’s debate over the social construction of race, I aim to push the discussion beyond the terrain of epistemology and ideology to examine the contested value of racial science in a broader political economy. I build upon Keel’s concern that even science motivated by progressive aims may reproduce racist thinking and Hartigan’s proposition that a critique of racial science cannot rest on the beliefs and intentions of scientists. In examining the value of racial-ethnic classifications in pharmacogenomics and precision medicine, I propose that analysts should attend to the relationship between prophets of racial science (those who produce forecasts about inherent group differences) and profits of racial science (the material-semiotic benefits of such forecasts). Throughout, I draw upon the idiom of speculation—as a narrative, predictive, and financial practice—to explain how the fiction of race is made factual, again and again. 

The Relationship Among Job Satisfaction, Oreganizational Commitiment and Employees’ Turnover at Unilever Corporation in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Chiemeke Kingsley Chiedu ◽  
Choi Sang Long ◽  
Hapriza BT Ashar
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Employee Turnover ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Employee Turnover Intentions ◽  
The Relationship

Employee turnover has become a key performance indicator for many organizations as they struggle to retain talented employees. The negative impact of turnover on organizational performance has continually forced organizational leaders to seek better ways of retaining valuable employees. The relationship between man and work has always attracted the attention of philosophers. A major part of men’s life is spent at work. Work is social reality and social expectation to which men seem to conform. It not only provides status to the individual but also binds him to the society. An employee who is satisfied with his job would perform his duties well and be committed to his job, and subsequently to his organization. This paper examines relationship among job satisfaction, organizational commitment and employees’ turnover intentions at Unilever Corporation in Nigeria. The data for this study was collected from 117 employees currently working at Unilever Nigeria PLC using the survey method via the questionnaire. Pearson Correlation and the multiple regression analysis techniques using the SPSS version 22.0 was used for the data analysis. The findings of the study revealed that both job satisfaction and organizational commitment have significant negative relationship with employee turnover intentions. In addition, organizational commitment was revealed to have a more dorminant influence on employee turnover intentions than job satisfaction. Based on these findings, the implications, recommendations, practice, and theory were discussed.

Teachers' Attitudinal Orientation Towards the Socially Disadvantaged Students and their Education

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-72
Author(s):  
Anna Petr Šafránková ◽  
Tereza Humenská
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Research Survey ◽  
Socially Disadvantaged ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
The Relationship

In the context of education of socially disadvantaged pupils and the perspective of inclusive education, the teacher occupies a significant position. The presented study focuses on the issue of education of socially disadvantaged pupils, respectively its aim is to present results of the research survey focused on the attitudinal orientation of teachers in Pardubice, Liberec and Ústí nad Labem regions (n = 122) towards the socially disadvantaged pupils. Further, its goal is to find out whether there exists a relation between the teacher's attitudinal orientation and the region, his/her age, the length of the teaching experience, his/her experience with socially disadvantaged pupils education and their self-efficacy. In order to achieve research goals the Likert-type questionnaire method was used and as a research tool Teacher self-efficacy. The obtained data were subjected to factor analysis, in order to verify the relation between individual variables ANOVA was used, further Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. It was found out that teachers evaluate the group of socially disadvantaged pupils rather negatively, on the other hand, they evaluate the possibility to reduce or overcome their disadvantage originating from the family environment they come from rather positively and also they perceive the relationship between the school and the socially disadvantaged pupils rather positively. The teachers' attitudinal orientation is not related to the previous experience with the education of socially disadvantaged pupils, the length of their teaching experience and region where the teachers work. On the contrary, the relation between teachers' attitudinal orientation and age and self-efficacy was proved.

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